Articles tagged with Government
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Hebrew University researchers found that investors prefer non-liquid, low-risk assets like bank deposits over liquid, high-yielding T-bills, paying a premium for the perceived safety. This 'ostrich effect' ignores reported risks in T-bills and unreported risks in bank deposits.
Contracting with non-state entities like NGOs has been shown to improve health services in developing countries through substantial, rapid improvements. Studies have found that contracting costs between $3 and $6 per head per year can increase immunisation coverage by up to 40 percentage points compared to government provision.
Goverments should stockpile zanamivir as part of their emergency plans to combat avian influenza. The new drug has a similar effectiveness to oseltamivir but fewer side effects and a more favorable resistance profile. Community-based healthcare personnel, such as pharmacists, may be better suited to handle antiviral distribution.
The UK government's patient-led NHS approach is unlikely to improve health as patients struggle to sift useful information from online sources. The Lancet comments that doctors and patients need to listen to each other more, rather than focusing on complaints culture, for effective care.
Richard Horton argues that the GMC is not equipped to handle complex medical-law cases and advocates for a Royal Commission to improve judicial processes and strengthen child protection services. The causes of Sally Clark's sons' deaths remain unascertained, highlighting the need for a broader approach to learning from the Clark case.
Infectious disease transmission in prisons can be prevented with simple and safe harm reduction strategies, yet governments remain reluctant to endorse alternative approaches. The Lancet emphasizes the need for a global approach to acknowledge prison health's contribution to health inequalities.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has issued a report calling for strengthened codes to prevent similar nightclub fires. The recommendations aim to enhance occupant safety by implementing measures such as sprinkler systems, flammable material restrictions, and emergency preparedness practices.
A new study combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to track transnational conflicts more efficiently than ever before. The FAST project utilizes modern communication tools to facilitate near-real-time information exchange between policymakers, researchers, and practitioners.
The government is funding an ineffective drug cure for chronic hemodialysis patients, with costs estimated at $8086 per year per person. Dr. Theodore Steinman argues that more and better studies are needed before L-carnitine can be used on a wide scale basis.
A recent study reveals that HIV/AIDS deaths were likely three times as high as reported by the government in 2000-01, due to misclassification on death certificates. The South African Government must acknowledge and tackle the HIV/AIDS crisis, which has been slow to progress in providing antiretroviral treatment.
A recent US study reveals that a significant portion of African Americans hold conspiracy theories about HIV/AIDS, which may frustrate efforts to combat the epidemic. Public health officials need to address these concerns and develop culturally sensitive strategies to reach at-risk populations.
A recent audit revealed that despite almost all NHS trusts having a stroke unit, many patients spend little to no time on the unit. Key features of effective stroke units include coordinated multidisciplinary rehabilitation and staff with specialized interests.
A recent study found that HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs are associated with negative attitudes towards condoms and inconsistent condom use among African American men. The study suggests that addressing these beliefs is crucial in changing the disproportionately high rate of HIV and AIDS in this community.
The Lancet proposes two solutions to address aid coordination issues in tsunami-hit regions: an inter-governmental panel and an International Commission on Global Responses to Complex Emergencies. These measures aim to prevent competing agendas from hindering relief efforts.
Researchers tested recordable optical disks' durability in various conditions, finding that some can store data for decades. The Government Information Preservation Working Group is setting requirements for archival quality media, allowing organizations to identify suitable high-quality media for long-term data storage.
A study from Honduras found that direct cash payments to poor families increased the take-up of antenatal and infant health services, with a 15-20% increase in coverage. This suggests that such interventions could improve maternal and child health outcomes in developing countries.
Dr. Ernest Mancini, current director of the Center for Sedimentary Basin Studies at the University of Alabama, will receive the prestigious Ian Campbell Award for his exceptional commitment and dedication to the geological sciences. He is being recognized for his outstanding contributions to the profession.
The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to reduce tobacco use through measures such as banning advertising, warning labels, and smoke-free places. European countries are called upon to swiftly ratify the treaty to combat lung cancer and protect public health.
Context-aware phishing attacks could be highly successful, with success rates as high as 50 percent, by exploiting users' unique circumstances or personal relationships. Experts recommend changes in display of online information and public awareness campaigns to combat the problem.
A survey in 2000 showed a decrease in tuberculosis prevalence of around a third compared to the original survey in 1990. China aims to reach the UN Millennium Development Goal of halving TB prevalence between 2000 and 2015 with its expansion plans.
The Lancet editorial highlights concerns about the practicality of implementing government plans for cleaner hospitals and lower rates of infection. Key issues include a lack of resources and clear timetable for implementation, as well as insufficient sanctions for hospitals that fail to maintain acceptable levels of cleanliness.
Internet expansion boosts Africa's health information access, enabling health workers to access information beyond capital cities. Regional urban hubs will be key points of dissemination for health info at district level.
A study reveals that only 0.3% of UK population receives government support, while 80,000 people wait for healthcare services. The author argues that myths surrounding asylum seekers are debunked by highlighting the real cause of long waiting lists: underinvestment in the National Health Service.
Deforestation has risen by nearly 50% in Brazil's southern and eastern Amazon since 2002, threatening indigenous plant and wildlife species. The expansion of new highways and infrastructure projects is a key driver of this destruction.
The survey found that position locating devices were the most likely to be commercial within 3 years, with an average score of 6.8. High-speed local area networks and imaging through materials were also considered viable business applications.
In the 16th century, identity badges were issued to the poor as a stamp of approval and to prevent begging. The badges were designed to distinguish those deemed deserving from unworthy individuals. By the late 17th century, badging became compulsory in England, with penalties for those who refused to wear them.
A University of Toronto study found that companies with subsidiaries in more than one province can shift income to a province with lower taxes, increasing their revenues. This allows companies to move profits to provinces with more favorable tax regimes, ultimately benefiting government revenue.
A study published in the American Sociological Review found that exposure to homeless people can increase sympathetic attitudes towards homelessness. The researchers examined how contact between domiciled and homeless individuals affected views on homelessness, finding that all four forms of exposure promote sympathetic attitudes.
The project aims to deploy a MIMO-based mobile ad hoc network that increases spectral efficiency by 20 times, providing enhanced communications capabilities for the US military. Stevens' Wireless Network Security Center is involved in the research and development of the ultra-high capacity secure communications system.
Researcher Ashley Leeds found that alliance commitments are fulfilled about 75 percent of the time, but this rate drops to 6 percent for countries with significant changes in international power. Non-democratic states and major powers are more likely to violate treaties due to lower costs and increased influence.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has released an initial public draft of Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems (NIST SP 800-53). The guidelines will become mandatory for most federal systems in 2005, with a wide audience beyond the federal government. NIST invites public comments on the ...
Victoria Hale, Institute for OneWorld Health leader, joins Leadership Foundation Fellows Program to develop skills and share insights with women leaders worldwide. She aims to leverage powerful connections and partnerships to drive institutional change.
A new grant of US$41 million from the Global Fund will support HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention in South Africa over 2 years. Generic antiretrovirals will be developed and produced locally, offering affordable access to life-saving medications.
A study by Wildlife Conservation Society argues that India's tiger counting method using pugmarks is flawed and leads to poor conservation. The authors suggest adopting simpler, statistically sound monitoring methods such as sample surveys and encounter-rate surveys.
A study by Physicians for Human Rights and the University of Michigan Health System found that two-thirds of federal forensic doctors reported detainee torture, with nearly half documenting evidence. The incidence of torture may be declining, but monitoring and evidence-gathering are crucial to overcoming the country's history of abuse.
A researcher challenges the idea that generations drive attitude changes in America, arguing instead that individual life experiences, aging, and historical events play a significant role. Alwin's study suggests that social change is more complex than previously thought, with multiple factors contributing to generational differences.
A global consensus on histopathological diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease is within reach thanks to an interactive website. NMDA receptor antagonists failed to show efficacy in clinical trials of stroke and traumatic brain injury, but lessons learned will guide new developments.
A recent study found that the federal government's E/M coding system for Medicare has poor agreement among coding specialists, resulting in overbilling. The system's complexity and lack of precision lead to inconsistent coding practices.
The American Sociological Association asserts that measuring race is essential for understanding its role in shaping social definitions, power relationships, and institutional practices. Despite biological research questioning its utility, sociologists argue that racial categories persist and influence daily life.
A recent survey found that many federal supervisors are unaware of available accommodations for workers with disabilities, including those applying for jobs or using telecommuting options. The study suggests that the government needs to improve education and resources to help supervisors better accommodate employees with disabilities.
A proposed flood protection system for Venice, known as MOSE, is facing criticism over its potential to prevent flooding and harm the lagoon's ecosystem. Environmentalists warn that keeping the gates closed could disrupt the natural water flow, leading to toxic substance buildup and damaging the delicate ecosystem.
The Lancet report highlights child prostitution's alarming health consequences, including 2 million STD infections and 1.6 million attempted suicides among 10 million prostituted children worldwide.
A new study analyzes three model plans and finds that competitive pricing may reduce plan uncertainty but is unlikely to raise enrollment in the M+C sector. Total government spending on Medicare could be reduced by increasing beneficiary premiums, but geographic inequities in benefits are a concern.
The AI-powered Author system can generate readable prose, including dialogue and short stories, by analyzing a story plan and applying rules to create grammatically correct sentences. However, it still lacks the ability to discern fact from fiction, which is a significant hurdle before it can be used for hot news reporting.
The American Geophysical Union and the American Geological Institute conducted a survey of recent Ph.D. graduates in earth sciences, revealing significant shifts in job prospects and postdoctoral positions. 80% of geoscience Ph.D.s found jobs in the geosciences, with negligible unemployment rates compared to previous years.
A recent study found that experts appointed by courts can significantly impact case outcomes, often favoring the government. The researchers propose introducing new rules to ensure parties have access to expert reports and opinions, promoting a fairer hearing.
Research by Dr. Daniel B. Lee finds that elite colleges transmit cultural advantages from one generation to the next, including social skills and valuable networks. These advantages can lead to increased chances of joining the highest social stratum after graduation.
The article discusses various public health issues, including tobacco control, food industry manipulation, and violence prevention. It highlights the importance of vaccination coverage estimation using parental recall, medical records, and other methods to prevent diseases such as tuberculosis.