Articles tagged with Decision Making
In a groundbreaking study, pea plants were found to make choices that take into account environmental variance, similar to animal behavior. The plants grew more roots in pots with variable nutrient levels when conditions were poor and more roots in constant pots when conditions were good.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that medical devices approved first in the EU have a higher rate of safety issues, while clinical trial results remain unpublished or unavailable up to five years after approval. Experts call for greater regulatory transparency to enable informed decisions about treatment.
Researchers investigated the Goffin's cockatoo's ability to make flexible decisions about tool use based on the current 'market' situation. The study found that the birds could overcome immediate impulses in favor of future gains, but only when both tools were not offered simultaneously due to limitations in working memory capacity.
Clinical research waste is estimated at 85% of total medical research costs. Professor Ioannidis argues that reforming clinical research with problem-base, context-placing, and patient-centered features can make it more useful to clinicians. This would result in more efficient and effective clinical decision-making.
A study by Hiroshima University reveals that women in Japan are more likely to accept employer-provided retirement savings plans over self-managed options. This phenomenon is linked to the 'Prince Charming Syndrome,' where women believe a future spouse will take care of their financial security.
The Aspirin-Guide app calculates cardiovascular disease and bleeding risk scores to help clinicians decide which patients are suitable for low-dose aspirin. It provides personalized decision-making support for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, facilitating informed discussions between healthcare providers and patients.
Researchers found that diminishing free will leads to increased self-alienation and decreased authentic feelings. In contrast, high-free-will groups showed greater self-awareness and authentic decision-making.
Researchers tracked macaque monkeys' neural activity as they weighed options for juice rewards, predicting their choices based on brain patterns. The study sheds light on internal decision-making processes and could lead to implants to treat addiction, anxiety, and depression.
Researchers studied Physarum polycephalum's decision-making abilities using the two-armed bandit problem, finding it compares relative options to make adaptive decisions. The slime mold's algorithm exploits environments in proportion to their reward experienced through past sampling.
Despite compelling evidence of PrEP's effectiveness, NHS England has yet to commission the treatment, leading to continued delays. The National Aids Trust is taking the matter to court for judicial review, citing discrimination against vulnerable groups.
Researchers found that Medicare Advantage patients are younger, healthier, and more likely to be black and live in cities than those enrolled in traditional Medicare. They also reported better health outcomes and fewer problems performing daily life activities on their own.
Researchers developed a new method to measure healthcare value transparently, combining quality and cost measures. They found that hospitals' ability to deliver high-quality, low-cost care varied across procedures, with those providing the highest-value care having more beds and beds than those providing the lowest-value care.
Researchers at the University of Sussex found that a circuit comprising just two neurons in a snail's brain drives complex decision making. The system enables energy-efficient behavior by reducing brain activity when food is not found.
A new study of over 25,000 people found that declining levels of dopamine in the brain may be responsible for older people's reduced willingness to take risks for potential rewards. Older adults were less likely to choose risky gambles to win points, but not to avoid losing points.
Researchers found that female atrial fibrillation patients are less likely than men to receive blood thinning therapies. The study used a computerized decision support tool to review medical therapies for over 1,500 patients and found significant sex differences in treatment.
A new study reveals that male sparrows can distinguish between their faithful and unfaithful partners. When paired with an unfaithful female, males provide less food for their chicks. The research suggests that males make this decision based on the partner's behavior during fertile periods rather than detecting which chicks are theirs.
Research at Georgia State University found that increasing difficulty in making decisions based on sensory evidence boosts activity in the insular cortex. The study sheds light on how this brain area processes sensory information and drives behaviors.
The University of Southampton is part of a £5.3 million programme to create robust national infrastructure planning tools. It will provide framework for information analysis and networking to inform strategic decisions, pinpoint vulnerabilities and risks.
Researchers create Quantitative Input Influence (QII) measures to provide insights into AI decision-making processes. The approach accounts for correlated inputs and quantifies the joint influence of multiple factors on outcomes.
A recent Cochrane review found insufficient evidence to conclude that dressings reduce surgical site infection. However, dressings may provide a barrier to direct injury and reduce patient anxiety. The authors recommend using basic, low-absorbency dressings at a cost of a few pence per dressing.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School are developing a web-based care plan for osteoarthritis patients, utilizing a national database of total joint replacement patients. The care plan aims to improve patient-clinician interaction and informed decision-making, enhancing the quality of care and outcomes.
Research by University of Notre Dame found that companies with higher female representation on boards engage less in mergers and acquisitions, identifying potential challenges in deals. The study suggests diverse board dynamics lead to more thorough discussions, increasing likelihood of deal delays or shelving.
A team of researchers from Google DeepMind and the University of Oxford used a navigational game to decode human brain's decision-making processes. They found that brain activity increases with the number of line changes between participants and their destinations, rather than individual stations.
The Samfund, a Boston-based cancer organization, will receive $8,500 from ASTRO for its work in supporting young adult cancer survivors financially. The grant funding will support the development of new financial programs and tools to aid in recovery.
A study found that physician-surrogate discordance about prognosis occurs in 53% of cases, with misunderstandings and differences in belief being common causes. Clinicians should check in with surrogates before making decisions about patient care.
Researchers have developed low-cost temperature sensors to help local authorities make targeted gritting decisions. The sensors can detect significant temperature differences across a county, enabling localized decisions about when and where to apply salt, potentially saving £100 million per year.
Researchers found that human brains produce feelings of confidence that mirror statistical calculations, informing decisions. The study's model suggests that confidence is an objective computation, with the brain acting as a 'statistician' to make informed choices.
A study found that human responses and statistical calculations align in making decisions, indicating an objective calculation of confidence. The model suggests that the brain produces feelings of confidence inform decisions like computers pull patterns from data.
A study from McGill University found that repeat drunk drivers and speeding offenders have unique emotional and behavioral profiles, making prevention strategies more effective when tailored to their characteristics. The research suggests that high-risk drivers respond better to targeted interventions addressing their specific traits.
A Dartmouth College study measures bias in how we learn and make decisions, revealing contradictory biases when combining evidence from different sources. The research shows that our ability for learning and inference is limited and biased due to the inability to separate information about cues from overall probability of outcomes.
A new study suggests that Americans' skepticism towards climate change may be partly due to the perception of milder winters and dryer summers. This cognitive dissonance between self-experienced changes and long-term threats makes it challenging for people to make climate-conscious decisions.
A new study from North Carolina State University finds that players' behavior in narrative role-playing games (RPGs) consistently reflects specific character roles, regardless of whether the role is assigned or chosen. The researchers also found that players without explicit role information still tend to exhibit role-based behavior.
Research shows that people who face uncertain outcomes may prioritize high-risk options even when unrelated to romance. This study found that exposure to unfavorable sex ratios led participants to make riskier financial decisions, such as investing more in a single high-stakes option.
A new travel study by UConn faculty will gather current data on residents' travel characteristics to inform transportation infrastructure decisions. The study aims to determine the role of transit, biking, and walking in improving mobility in communities.
A new RAND Corporation report calls for trimming the US national security decision-making system to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The study recommends downsizing the National Security Council staff, improving intelligence integration, and assigning senior officials across agencies to ensure coherence in decision-making.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin developed a new system to predict floods in real-time using advanced computing resources. With the National Flood Interoperability Experiment (NFIE), they can forecast floods continually, improving the accuracy and speed of flood warnings for communities nationwide.
A tool called Chest Pain Choice facilitates shared decision-making between physicians and patients with chest pain, improving patient knowledge and follow-up care options. The intervention reduced unnecessary testing and hospital admissions without adverse effects.
Researchers at King's College London found that brain stimulation reduced core symptoms of anorexia, including the urge to restrict food intake and feelings of fat. Participants who received real transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) showed more prudent decision-making by waiting for larger rewards.
A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials suggests that antibiotics can be used as primary treatment for mild appendicitis, reducing surgeries by 92% within the first month. However, recurrence rates remain high at 23% and long-term follow-up is needed to determine effectiveness.
The AADR/ADA symposium aims to bridge the gap between research evidence and clinical decision-making. Participants will learn how to quickly access research evidence, interpret its findings, and apply them to patient care.
Researchers found that mortality salience is a significant factor in consumers' reluctance to purchase annuities. The study suggests that when people consider annuities, they are more likely to think about their own mortality, leading to increased anxiety and decreased interest in the product.
The project aims to integrate public health performance measures into the North Texas Council of Governments' regional transportation plan, considering factors like safety, air quality, and physical activity. The research will inform transportation decisions that enhance livability and community development.
Researchers analyzed over 17,000 South Carolina court decisions to find that black offenders are more likely to be jailed and serve longer sentences than their white counterparts. The study highlights racial bias in sentencing decisions, with the 'black penalty' varying depending on an offender's criminal history.
Dr. Marisa Orr receives a five-year CAREER grant to develop an online Academic Dashboard for empowering engineering students to make adaptive decisions and achieve academic success. The project aims to improve student outcomes by reducing time to graduation and increasing student satisfaction with their major and eventual career.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have successfully programmed underwater robots to independently analyze data and trigger new missions based on real-time information. This technology has the potential to reveal new details about prey movement and behavior in the ocean.
Researchers at Rockefeller University found that the cell body actively controls axon degeneration in embryos. The study reveals that a lack of NGF triggers a message within the cell that ultimately instructs the axon to die.
A new study found that graphical displays of fiber and protein per calorie values can encourage consumers to purchase healthier menu items. The researchers observed a significant reduction in calories purchased from entrees and an increase in protein per calorie when nutrition information was displayed graphically.
The financial industry is facing a major economic threat from elder financial exploitation and cognitive decline, which can result in significant losses for individuals and society. New research and initiatives are being developed to detect, prevent, and intervene in these cases, including predictive models and algorithms.
A new study in PNAS suggests that environmental scholars can increase their policy impact by consulting widely with stakeholders during research. Stakeholder engagement is found to be a better predictor of future policy impacts than perceived scientific credibility.
A new study found that wearing a helmet can increase sensation-seeking behavior and risk-taking in adults, challenging common safety advice. Researchers used a computer-based simulation to test participants' willingness to take risks while wearing different types of headgear.
A Cornell University study found that consumers are more supportive of GM labeling when they believe the company considered public input. The research bolsters procedural justice theory, suggesting transparency builds trust and legitimacy in decision-making processes.
A NYU study investigates how brain mechanisms affect decision-making after errors. The research found that a combination of adaptive and maladaptive neural processes influence slowing, but ultimately lead to no change in accuracy. Insights from the study may offer new perspectives on afflictions like Alzheimer's Disease and ADHD.
A new study by UTSA professor Matthew McCarter found that allowing employees to vote on whether to turn off the internet results in significant reductions of cyberloafing. This approach increased productivity among former cyberloafers by 38%, demonstrating the effectiveness of giving workers control over their work environment.
Neuroscientists have identified a 'predictive neuron orchestra' in the brain that anticipates body movements, such as eyeing and reaching. This orchestration among distinct brain regions enhances decision-making process understanding, potentially shedding light on impaired dynamics in mental illnesses.
The brain initially represents and decides between competing action options by planning multiple movements simultaneously. Researchers found that participants planned a movement for each potential target and executed these movements simultaneously when the target was uncertain.
A study by Stanford University researchers discovered that activity in two brain regions - the anterior insula and nucleus accumbens - affects an individual's likelihood of taking risks in financial matters. Those with a stronger connection between these regions tend to be more cautious in their gambling decisions.
Experts argue that cancer screening has never been shown to 'save lives' due to reduced overall mortality rates. Harms associated with screening, such as overdiagnosis and false positives, are significant concerns. The authors call for higher standards of evidence and consideration of harms in cancer screening.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has awarded a grant to Stevens Institute and Penn Nursing to use policy flight simulators to determine the usability and effectiveness of the Transitional Care Model. The goal is to accelerate decisions to implement the TCM, which addresses negative effects associated with common breakdowns in care.
Researchers from Charité's Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience tested whether people can cancel decisions based on brain waves. They found that a person's decisions are not at the mercy of unconscious and early brain waves, but can actively intervene in the decision-making process.
A study found that doctors give less compassionate nonverbal cues to black patients compared to white patients, potentially leading to miscommunication and mistrust. The researchers suggest that physicians be aware of their verbal and nonverbal communication to build trust with black patients.