Articles tagged with Decision Making
A study published in Biology Letters found that humans punish cheats only when they end up better off than the punisher, challenging the notion of revenge-based motivation. The researchers aimed to clarify the relationship between punishment and cooperation by investigating underlying motivations.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers perceive longer time periods when facing greater spatial distances, influencing impatience and decision-making choices.
A new study reveals that consumers frequently face situations where competing goals struggle for dominance, causing conflicts and changing preferences. This phenomenon, known as goal reversion, occurs when ignored goals resurface stronger than initially thought.
A new study found that consumers focus on unique features when evaluating services based on faith due to greater uncertainty. This increased uncertainty undermines consumer confidence and leads to a greater emphasis on standard attributes.
Experts say lack of privacy, safety fears and ageism deny elderly care home residents the right to consensual sex. Formal policies are needed to address this, despite research showing residents want their sexual expression acknowledged.
The First Responder Support Tools (FiRST) application provides critical information to first responders in bomb threat scenarios, including safe distances, roadblock analysis and HAZMAT response guidance. The app is available for smartphones and laptops and can be used by anyone responding to a potential bomb or HAZMAT spill.
Researchers at University of Calgary developed a biometric security system that combines different measurements like eye colour and fingerprints to create a learning system simulating the brain. The algorithm can learn new patterns and adapt to changing conditions, improving accuracy and recognition process.
The EUREAPA tool analyzes environmental impacts of different policies and scenarios, allowing policymakers to investigate how different policy changes affect future environmental pressures. It also helps track effects of decisions and ensure meeting of environmental goals.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute found two brain signals involved in predicting others' decisions, enabling humans to balance expected and observed rewards and choices. The signals, located in distinct prefrontal circuits, strike a balance between the other's values and their own, allowing for accurate predictions.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that consumers underestimate how often they make 'exceptional' purchases, leading to overspending. The authors suggest that understanding these differences can help consumers make wiser budgeting decisions.
A recent study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science found that color-blind policies can backfire, leading to increased racial bias and tension. The authors propose a multicultural approach as an alternative, which has been shown to improve understanding and spotting of discrimination., Minority applicants perceive d...
A global collaboration led by the University of York is examining key areas of reproductive, maternal and newborn care within midwifery services. The project will culminate in a special series on midwifery in The Lancet, providing evidence to guide national decision-making and improve midwifery services.
Researchers found that high trust in feelings amplifies emotionally driven responses, even when faced with compelling information favoring the opposite choice. The study suggests that relying on feelings as information can lead to irrational decisions.
A new study found that consumers' preference for larger selections decreases when making choices involving the distant future. Consumers tend to focus on end goals and less about how to get there, leading them to prefer smaller and simpler assortment of options.
The High Value Healthcare Collaborative will use the grant to implement shared decision making for patients facing hip, knee or spine surgery and for those with diabetes or congestive heart failure. The project aims to reduce utilization and costs by $64 million over three years through patient engagement and activation.
Training participants to inhibit simple movements reduced risk-taking in a simulated gambling situation, with effects lasting at least two hours. The study suggests that controlling motor responses can influence high-level decision-making, paving the way for potential treatments for addictions and impulse-control disorders.
Researchers developed a web-based service that simulates pandemic flu spread, forecasts hospitalizations, and determines optimal ventilator placement. The Texas Pandemic Flu Toolkit uses data from the Outpatient Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance Network and factors like humidity predictions to inform public health interventions.
Research suggests that fantasizing about idealized future scenarios can influence people's preferences for learning about the positives over negatives. This can impact decision-making, even for those considering careful deliberations. Positive fantasies can mimic the effects of intentions and lead to biased information acquisition.
Researchers discovered that people are equally good at finding the right balance between task completion time and reward points, regardless of task complexity. This suggests that humans may not be intrinsically bad or good at making decisions, but rather capable of adapting to different situations.
A Wayne State University researcher has developed a web-based decision support system to help people with disabilities select wheelchairs that suit their needs. The system improves the selection process by enabling remote assessment of wheelchair alternatives, providing a reusable information repository and systematic evaluation.
Researchers found that dual-occupation professionals change their moral judgments based on their expected role, often without realizing it. The study suggests that subtle cues and training can help employees make more informed ethical decisions.
A study found that doctors who rarely meet with pharmaceutical sales representatives are slower to change prescriptions based on new information, taking up to four times longer than their peers. The study suggests that limiting access to reps can result in serious information gaps and affect prescription behavior.
Researchers found that consumers choose brands to identify with their in-group but differentiate by selecting unique features, such as colors or styles. This balance between assimilation and differentiation is key to understanding consumer behavior.
Researchers found that people who feel good about themselves are more likely to choose functional products over attractive ones. However, choosing highly aesthetic products can make people more open-minded and less prone to 'throwing good money after bad'.
Simulation training improved ER residents' leadership, problem-solving, and situational awareness skills. The study showed a sharpened overall performance in real-life emergency procedures.
A recent study in PLOS Medicine challenges the widely-held view that foreign aid for health displaces government funds in recipient countries. Experts Rajaie Batniji and Eran Bendavid re-analysed data to find no straightforward negative relationship between government spending on health and foreign aid for health.
A study by Penn State researchers found that users increase their interactivity and develop a greater sense of community when they can express themselves through blog posts, site customization, and gadget selection. However, too many functional gadgets lead to decreased satisfaction.
The US Department of Health and Human Services has contracted with Archimedes Inc. to provide the advanced mathematical modeling tool, ArcheS, to its agencies for large-scale analyses of healthcare spending, treatment, and effectiveness. This will enable policymakers to make informed decisions on health care interventions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new smart gas sensor that can detect airborne chemicals with higher sensitivity and consume less power. The sensor uses a novel approach to separate chemicals in the gas mixture, allowing for more accurate identification and analysis.
Concordia engineers develop a decision-making approach that considers factors like traffic, drainage system efficiency and seismic risk to prioritize bridge maintenance. The new method has the potential to reduce costs by avoiding costly repairs later on and promoting sustainability.
A brain-mapping study found that aging adults' ability to make decisions in novel situations decreases as white matter pathways decline. The research suggests that strengthening these connections through cognitive training may be effective in intervening this age-related decline.
TNT Express won the 2012 Franz Edelman Award for its successful application of operations research to modernize its operations and reduce its carbon footprint. This led to significant operational benefits, including €207 million in savings between 2008 and 2011.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests that people who believe the world is a just place trust salespeople more after making a purchase. The authors examined how consumers balance trust and protecting themselves from bad decisions, finding that optimism plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers found that consumers who feel financially deprived prefer scarce products over abundant ones. Financial deprivation prompts heightened visual sensitivity to scarce goods, influencing purchasing decisions.
A study found that over 10 years, 30.8% of women had diagnostic mammograms, while 61.5% underwent ipsilateral invasive procedures following BCS. The high rates may be due to concerns about recurrence, and the authors highlight the need for better prognostic biomarkers to minimize overtreatment.
A report by Arizona State University found that existing US laws offer numerous opportunities to incorporate health impact assessments (HIAs) in various sectors such as transportation, energy, and agriculture. HIAs can help decision makers identify and address potential health risks and benefits of their decisions.
A new study found that dogs who have 'run out' of self-control make more impulsive decisions, increasing their risk of physical harm. In the experiment, dogs with depleted self-control spent more time near an aggressive dog than those without depleted self-control.
The University of Chicago Medicine will launch a new program to study the role of spirituality in medical practice and education, with a focus on how a physician's personal beliefs inform their professional life. The Faculty Scholars program aims to train junior faculty to conduct research on this topic.
Researchers at University of Missouri and Oregon found that consumers often unintentionally buy products with animal testing due to lack of clear definitions. This ambiguity leads to deceptive advertising, making it difficult for consumers to make informed moral decisions.
Researchers found that humans can only monitor up to three strategies while making decisions, and creativity is favored over reliable options. The frontal lobe plays a crucial role in this process, with individual differences in performance linked to variations in creative ability.
New studies reveal lower fetal/infant death risks among planned repeat caesarean sections, while higher uterine rupture risk found in women with multiple previous caesarean sections. Research emphasizes pragmatic studies to improve maternal and infant care.
The article discusses the importance of researching health systems interventions and assessing the reliability of evidence. The authors argue that useful tools are available to evaluate effectiveness, but more work is needed to assess other key factors such as policy acceptability and implementation feasibility.
A study by Professor Nick Gallent found that communities are 'hopeful bystanders' rather than contributors to planning decisions, citing lack of investment in building relationships and inadequate protocol support. The research highlights the need for a more responsive approach to community input in local planning.
Princeton scientists have identified unique neural activity sequences in the brain's posterior parietal cortex that help form short-term memories used for decision-making. These sequences correspond to whether a mouse turns left or right in a maze, allowing researchers to predict its future actions.
Researchers found that brains use a simplistic strategy to filter out options, leading to poor choices and potentially contributing to depression. The study suggests a link between this 'pruning' bias and brain chemical serotonin, which is involved in both avoidance and depression.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology found that our brains use a simplistic strategy to filter out options when faced with complex decisions, leading to poor choices. The researchers also linked this 'pruning' decision-making bias to depressive symptoms, suggesting a possible connection between the two.
A Seminar published in The Lancet calls for improved long-term monitoring of knee replacement implant outcomes using national registries. This will provide patients and surgeons with high-quality evidence to assess different implants and techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical decision-making.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University highlights the importance of discussing quality of life with critically ill patients. The researchers found that many family meetings lacked essential information about a patient's desired quality of life, making it difficult for decision-makers to make informed choices.
A recent study by Mitchell S. McKinney and J. Brian Houston found that voters are more likely to see a candidate's viability as a key factor in making their decision, rather than electability. This focus on party viability may explain why some Republican candidates struggle to gain traction despite strong debate performances.
A study found that obstetricians' approaches to managing periviable deliveries vary widely, with many prioritizing patient preference over evidence-based guidelines. The authors recommend improving communication of uncertainty and managing patient expectations to provide more patient-centered care.
A recent study by USC Marshall professor Nathanael Fast and colleagues found that unconstrained power can lead to overconfident decision-making. In experiments, participants who felt powerful made riskier bets, losing money, whereas those who didn't feel powerful were less risky and did not lose.
Research shows that stress changes how people weigh risk and reward, leading to a greater emphasis on the upside of possible outcomes. This can impact decision-making in various areas, including job choices and addiction. Additionally, stress affects how men and women perceive risk differently.
A Rhode Island Hospital study found that presentation formats, presenter characteristics, and patient characteristics significantly impact decision-making for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The study showed that qualitative formats without numbers or statistics led to higher surgery choices, while younger age, male gender...
Researchers found that Phoenix's water problems are a demand problem, not a supply problem. Higher urban densities, slower growth, and fewer backyard swimming pools can reduce the risk of future shortages.
A two-part special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making is available online, highlighting recent CEDM-related research and practice in various application domains. The issue features articles on psychological principles, human-technology interactions, and cognitive engineering methodological enhancements.
A new study by Oregon State University found that half of young adult Latino men and women acknowledge not using regular effective contraception despite expressing a desire to avoid pregnancy. Involvement in sexual decision-making is crucial for contraception use, with those who are more active tend to use male condoms.
Studies show that people's preferences for things on the same side as their dominant hand affect abstract evaluations, such as value and intelligence. This phenomenon, known as the body-specificity hypothesis, highlights how our bodies influence our minds.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that creating psychological distance can reduce cognitive difficulty and anxiety in choice situations. By manipulating abstract thinking and body postures, researchers discovered that leaning away from a screen or task can make decisions feel less difficult.
A new study by Tufts Medical Center researchers provides insight into factors affecting Medicare decisions on medical technology coverage. The study shows that CMS uses clinical evidence to inform its 'reasonable and necessary' criteria, with alternative therapies influencing coverage decisions.
Researchers studied physician approaches to palliative sedation, finding some use mild sedation gradually deepening as needed while others opt for deeper sedation from the start. Patient preferences, communication needs, and fear of awakening influence sedation choice.