Research on how people make decisions. Covers workplace food choices, medication risk trade-offs, and treatment selection in mental health.
Researchers compared ventrolateral frontal cortex connectivity in humans and monkeys, finding many similarities in language and complex thought processes. The study suggests that some uniquely human traits may rely on an evolutionarily conserved neural apparatus.
A recent study found that nearly half of hospitalized adults aged 65 and older require assistance making decisions due to cognitive impairment. Family members or children often fill this role, with significant implications for patient care and outcomes.
Researchers found that certain behaviors may not be observable without massive data, highlighting the importance of considering data quantity in predictive modeling. The study suggests that sweeping assumptions about bigger being better can be dangerous and that the power of analytic tools depends on their appropriate use.
Researchers found a strong correlation between fast eye movements and impulsivity in decision-making. The study suggests that people who make quick decisions may have a different way of evaluating time and reward in their brains.
Research reveals that male dyeing poison frogs prefer to deposit their tadpoles in already occupied pools with larger conspecific larvae, despite high cannibalism risk. This unusual decision may be a gamble for frog fathers, weighing stable conditions against potential predation.
A study of 1,244 patients with lumbar disc herniation found that surgery led to greater long-term improvement in pain, functioning, and disability compared to nonsurgical treatment. Patients who underwent surgery showed significant reductions in pain scores, physical functioning, and disability.
The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) provides comprehensive climate change projections, identifying regional hotspots of impact types that coincide and interact. The results highlight the need for effective real-world policies to mitigate the impacts of global warming.
The DTB suggests that England should reject new drugs if pharmaceutical companies fail to provide supporting evidence, reducing duplication of effort and postcode availability. This follows the example of Scotland and Wales, where such decisions are made by a single UK appraisal service.
Researchers found that customizing a personal website can improve self-control, reducing the likelihood of making impulsive decisions during online transactions. Participants who tailored their own site worked longer on a puzzle task than those who customized for others.
Researchers identify lateral habenula as crucial in cost-benefit decisions, clarifying its role in daily choices and shedding light on depression treatment.
A recent study published in Psychological Science reveals that individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to make decisions that are not swayed by unrelated emotions. This allows them to assess risks more accurately and make more informed investment choices.
A new study by Claudia Townsend and Barbara E. Kahn found that visual presentation can lead to information overload and result in less systematic consideration when making a purchasing decision. Small image sets are key to reducing visual overload, promoting more careful review of options.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found that maintaining a direct channel of communication between patients and primary doctors is crucial to success. Patients in regular contact with their primary physicians are most satisfied with their care, according to a new study.
Gambling addiction is linked to distinct brain function abnormalities that impair decision-making, unlike cocaine addiction which affects areas responsible for impulse control. The study highlights the need for specialized treatment addressing emotional issues and loss evaluation in severe cases.
Researchers at Aalto University found that current models for forecasting scientist's future contributions are unreliable and can grossly overestimate their predictability. The study analyzed 762 scientists from three disciplines and identified subtle flaws in current models, including false autocorrelation and varying predictive power...
A recent study by Brigham Young University researchers found that excessive texting can lead to lower relationship quality in committed relationships. For both men and women, using text messages to resolve conflicts or make decisions is associated with reduced relationship satisfaction.
Lurie Children's is receiving funding to study ways to improve communication and care coordination in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The project aims to enable parents to make informed decisions about their child's care, given the high-stakes environment of PICUs.
A new study reveals that corporate bosses selectively intervene in subsidiary decisions to prevent competitive spillovers and maintain a 'go along to get along' cooperative attitude. This approach restricts growth in certain businesses within the corporation, ultimately benefiting rivals at the expense of consumers.
The five-year collaborative research alliance will focus on detecting adversaries and attacks, measuring and managing risk, and altering environments to achieve best results at the least cost. Researchers will develop predictive models to make real-time decisions that lead to mission success.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that older adults are more risk-averse than their midlife counterparts when choosing between possible gains, but more risk-seeking when choosing between losses. The study suggests important policy implications for decision-making across the lifespan.
A clinical decision rule, known as the Ottawa SAH Rule, has been developed to identify neurologically intact patients with headache in the emergency department who have subarachnoid hemorrhage. The rule uses five variables from a patient's history and examination to predict diagnosis, showing 100% sensitivity but only 15.3% specificity.
A MU researcher found that certain types of stories in patient decision-aids can inform patients' decisions without influencing their choices. Process narratives helped women search for information, while experience narratives improved their ability to envision treatment outcomes and evaluate their decisions more favorably.
A new study found that sleep deprivation leads to increased food purchasing the following day, with participants buying more calories and grams of food. Additionally, ghrelin levels were higher after total sleep deprivation, but this increase did not correlate with food purchasing behavior.
A recent study by Brigham Young University found that shopping in high heels can lead to more mindful consumer choices, resulting in a balanced approach between high-end and low-end products. By introducing physical sensations of balance, consumers are more likely to weigh options and avoid extreme spending
A new Duke University study found that restaurant websites with easy-to-access calorie information can influence customer ordering decisions. Despite this, in-store marketing and psychological factors often override healthy options.
A study found that surrogate decision-makers consider both the patient's interests and their own needs when making medical decisions, highlighting the complexity of this process. The researchers suggest greater advance care planning to address this issue.
A study found that 75% of expert panel members had industry ties, with median seven companies represented, and 76% of recent guideline publications had a similar proportion. The study highlights the potential impact of conflicts on disease definition changes, sparking concerns about current processes.
A study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found that observing children with minor blunt head trauma in the emergency department before ordering a CT scan can significantly reduce the need for CT scans. The study found that every hour of observation time decreased CT rates by approximately 70% on average.
A mathematical model helps clinicians prioritize recommended preventive care methods, leading to enhanced care and potential lifesaving outcomes. The model, developed by NYU Langone researchers, takes into account individual patient needs and provides personalized recommendations.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University's George Loewenstein found that Americans struggle to comprehend traditional health insurance concepts like deductibles and co-insurance. A simplified insurance plan with copays appealed more to consumers, who were better able to compute costs and make informed decisions.
Researchers used mathematical models and lab-based synthetic biology to predict bacterial investment crashes and boom-bust cycles. The study reveals how the diversity of life is maintained and demonstrates that investment decisions can be precisely defined.
A study found that people often prefer to maintain the status quo, even if it's undesirable, when faced with a choice that requires proactive decision-making. Researchers suggest that giving patients a nudge in the right direction can help them make productive choices about their health.
A new study by Berkeley-Haas Associate Professor Don Moore found that hiring managers tend to ignore the context of past performance when making judgments about job candidates. This systematic bias in thought, known as correspondence bias, can lead to poor hiring decisions.
Researchers developed option awareness theory to aid decision-making in complex situations. Studies showed that incorporating visual comparison of options increased correct responses by 67% while maintaining similar processing times.
A new Cornell University study found US intelligence agents exhibit larger biases in decision making and are more confident than college students. The results suggest that experience can enhance performance but also lead to predictable pitfalls in risky decision-making.
A new study from the University of Missouri and Georgia Tech University found that over-confident CEOs can make risky decisions about mergers and acquisitions, putting investors' funds at risk. Independent boards with good management skills are crucial to mitigate this risk.
A study comparing Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service beneficiaries found significantly lower rates of angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions among Medicare Advantage patients. The researchers also identified substantial geographic variation in procedure rates for both payment types.
The American Thoracic Society has released a statement on adult and pediatric controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), aiming to guide stakeholders involved in the process. The statement emphasizes respect for dying patients and their families, while promoting the recovery of viable organs.
The new ESC Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Resynchronization Therapy offer a practical 'how-to' approach for users, including a logical decision tree and clinical perspectives. The guidelines aim to increase access to the latest evidence-based medicine for patients with cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure.
Consumers tend to prefer products organized by benefits rather than features, as it leads to lower prices and perceived similarity. This can result in consumers sacrificing quality for price, but also makes it harder to notice differences between products.
A new survey tool is being developed to help pet owners monitor their dogs' quality of life during chemotherapy for cancer. The tool, based on a pilot study with 29 dog owners and veterinarians, found that certain behavioral changes can indicate the animal's quality of life, providing a common ground for treatment decisions.
A study of Peruvian physicians found that patient involvement in medical decision-making was rare, with an average score of 14.3 on a 100-point scale. This suggests that the patient-centered care model is overlooked in healthcare systems in Peru.
A new study by Xiaojun Yang reveals significant gender differences in decision-making among rural Chinese farmers, highlighting the importance of relative status and consumption. Women's spending habits, such as buying clothes and dining out, signal their social standing, while men prioritize mobile phones.
A University of Missouri researcher studied how stories influence patients' decision-making when behavior change is not the desired outcome. The study found that including patient stories in decision aids can make them more trustworthy and emotional, but may not affect treatment choice.
Doctors' treatment recommendations depend on medical aspects, individual patient relationships, and their own life situations. Cancer patients' desires for participation change over the course of the disease, with initial trust in doctors crucial, but later seeking more information and involvement in decision-making.
A new study found that one night of sleep deprivation increases men's perceptions of both women's interest in and intent to have sex. Sleep-deprived men rated women as having higher sexual intent and interest than well-rested men, reversing the initial perception gap.
Chimpanzees and bonobos display negative emotional responses to failed risk-taking decisions, including vocalizations and tantrums. The apes' emotional responses are influenced by individual differences and species-specific traits.
A University of North Carolina study found that 47% of medical decisions in radiation oncology were made without available randomized clinical trial data. This highlights the need for well-designed observational studies and alternative clinical trial designs to inform patient care.
A survey of 22,000 patients found that those who preferred to participate in medical decisions had a 0.26-day longer length of stay and $865 higher total hospitalization costs. Patient preference increased with educational level and private health insurance.
A national survey found that adults often did not make informed medical decisions due to insufficient shared decision-making. Healthcare providers need to improve patient engagement by balancing discussions on pros and cons and regularly seeking patient input.
A study of 6,636 patients with heart attacks found that two-thirds prefer an active role in decision-making. Physicians who provide patient-centered care should directly ask patients about their decision-making preferences. The study aims to develop systems that respect these preferences and give patients the opportunity they desire.
A hospital-based study found that patients who want to participate in their medical decisions end up spending more time in the hospital and raising costs of their hospital stay by an average of $865. The study suggests that encouraging patients to be more involved may not reduce costs, but rather increase length of stay and costs. Prov...
A study found significant variation in ICU patients' decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapies among US hospitals, with factors like hospital culture and physician practices playing a major role. Patient characteristics such as age, race, and functional status also influence these decisions.
The Ghana National Drugs Programme followed international recommendations on pediatric medicines, but faced challenges due to limited data on African settings. The programme ultimately included four out of five medicines in the national essential medicines list.
A new study suggests that entrepreneurs need to strike a balance between perseverance and recognizing when to abandon a struggling venture. This 'entrepreneurial resilience' allows them to adapt and seize better opportunities, increasing their chances of success.
Researchers surveyed over 800 participants to identify variables that predict high-risk sexual behavior. The cultural factor proved most reliable in predicting high-risk sexual behavior, with gender stereotyping, sexual fantasy, and pornography usage playing significant roles.
Researchers found that markets significantly lower moral standards, with subjects willing to accept killing a mouse for money. In market conditions, people focus on competition and profits over moral concerns, leading to an erosion of moral values.
A University of Michigan study found that despite strong recommendations to use decision aids, there is a lack of evidence on whether they work effectively. The researchers reviewed 73 decision aids for breast, cervical, colon, and prostate cancers but only half were evaluated for subsequent screening behavior.
A new article by Johns Hopkins faculty highlights the importance of advance directives in managing end-of-life care issues and reducing medical costs. Completing an advance directive document can lower end-of-life expenses for Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance.
Researchers discovered a genetic circuit in bacteria that enables individual freedom while ensuring the collective good. The circuit allows each bacterium to weigh its decisions based on stress levels and peer signals, striking a balance between selflessness and selfishness.