Articles tagged with Decision Making
A group of experts examines whether people with advanced dementia have the right to use advance directives to stop receiving food and water by mouth, despite lacking decision-making capacity. Key findings include the potential benefits and harms of such directives, as well as proposed guidelines for implementation.
A study from the University of Cambridge found that individuals with disorders of compulsivity share similar patterns of decision-making and brain structure. The researchers discovered lower grey matter volumes in brain regions involved in goal-tracking and rewards, leading to automatic habitual choices.
Research by Stan Floresco reveals the dynamic competition between brain regions to inform decisions. The frontal lobes temper impulses towards larger, uncertain rewards, while dopamine neurons provide short-term updates on recent outcomes.
A study by the University of Strathclyde found that parents are the main decision-makers in how children travel to and from school. The research suggests that measures to increase walking to school should target parents of younger children as well as older kids.
In a study published in Science, researchers found that fruit flies accumulate information before making decisions, suggesting a level of intelligence. The study identified a key gene, FoxP, involved in this process, which may also be linked to human cognitive development and language abilities.
Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study methamphetamine users and non-users. Methamphetamine users displayed reduced sensitivity to risk in one brain region and increased sensitivity in another. These findings suggest circuit-level abnormalities contribute to impaired decision-making.
A new study reveals that couples' success in shared endeavors depends on individual levels of self-control. High self-control levels lead to better financial decisions and reduced conflict.
A study of 2,290 women with breast cancer found that while many consider or undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) to prevent cancer in the other breast, most do not have a clinically significant risk. The procedure is often associated with genetic testing, family history, and higher education.
A new study finds that too many product photos can lead to visual homogenization, reducing the ability to discern one product from another. Taking a mental break and returning to the shopping cart for a final decision may be an effective way to overcome this effect.
Researchers found that despite no major incidents, the biggest challenge was reassuring officials, media, and public about absent health threats. Enhanced surveillance systems are needed to detect and respond quickly, especially for large international events.
Researchers at NC State University created modified cockpit displays that significantly improved pilot response times in avoiding crashes. The new system highlighted planes with higher risk of collision, reducing errors and saving lives.
Practitioners can use shared decision making and motivational interviewing to adapt approaches for different clinical situations.
Researchers found that mobile users tend to distrust sites with instant gratification messages, and are more willing to share sensitive information after viewing security alerts. This phenomenon suggests that users prioritize privacy over convenience in digital interactions.
Research finds that people using a foreign language take a relatively utilitarian approach to moral dilemmas, making decisions based on assessments of what's best for the common good. This pattern holds even in emotionally difficult outcomes, such as sacrificing one life so others could live.
A large-scale study found that patient satisfaction with postoperative pain treatment is linked to perceptions of improvement and the patient-caregiver relationship. Patients who feel involved in their care experience higher levels of satisfaction.
An international group of scientists led by Heidi Kreibich has proposed a new integrated cost assessment cycle for managing natural hazards. This approach aims to improve the early detection of inefficient risk mitigation strategies and enable more efficient decision-making.
Wayne State University leads a two-and-a-half-year study on the imagination of high-speed rail in America, examining what motivates decision makers and users to champion or use trains. The research aims to understand how railway futures are shaped by urban growth plans and transportation visions.
A recent study by Sandia National Laboratories and the TSA aimed to understand how transportation security officers' thought processes influence decisions made during baggage screening. The findings have helped improve the performance of TSA's security officers, particularly in switching between pre-check and standard passenger lanes.
A recent study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that restaurants providing 'low-calorie' labels on their menus may inadvertently cause people to eliminate healthy foods. The researchers suggested that by grouping low-calorie options together, restaurants can encourage healthier dining decisions.
The Cochrane review found no evidence of reduced hospitalizations or serious influenza complications with Tamiflu. However, the medication increased the risk of nausea and vomiting in adults and children, as well as psychiatric events when used for prevention.
A new study finds that adult patients with diabetes who trust their medical provider and feel included in treatment decisions are more likely to take and maintain a newly prescribed antidepressant medication. Shared decision-making is also associated with better adherence later in the course of antidepressant treatment.
The CDC won the 2014 Franz Edelman Award for its collaboration with Kid Risk, Inc. to combat remaining polio pockets globally using analytics and operations research. The award recognizes the impact of this work on the polio eradication program over the last decade.
A new study by Michigan State University found that fair bosses can be emotionally draining due to the need to monitor fairness in workplace decisions. This 'procedural justice' requires managers to suppress personal biases and maintain consistency, leading to mental fatigue.
Researchers identified salivary biomarkers associated with gingivitis, including PGE2 and IL-1. These findings have implications for personalized oral health care, suggesting potential discrimination between gingivitis and health through salivary biomarker analysis.
Researchers at Princeton University found that male fruit flies adjust the pitch and tempo of their mating song based on the movement and behavior of their desired female. The study provides insights into how organisms make rapid decisions in response to changing environments, a concept relevant to understanding human brain function.
A recent study suggests that consumers who choose more expensive products based on perceived value may experience buyer's remorse in the long run. The researchers observed that participants valued functionality over ease of use and preferred products with more features despite the higher price.
Researchers found that delaying the onset of decisions can improve response accuracy by allowing the brain to focus on relevant information and block out distractions. This mechanism is more beneficial than prolonging the decision process, which increases reaction times.
Scientists have identified issues with standard toxicity testing data used to inform dispersant decisions, highlighting the need for more accurate and comparable data. The current practices do not adequately replicate field conditions, such as sea state and weather, or consider exposure durations and concentrations.
Sickle cell trait affects 3 million US citizens, with few aware of their status. Researchers call for improved communication of SCT results to primary care clinicians and genetic counseling on reproductive options
Patient satisfaction with treatment is greater when outcome information is specific to their treating physician, according to a study. This type of information helps patients set realistic expectations and make informed decisions about therapy selection.
A new study from the University of Toronto Scarborough finds that human emotion is felt more intensely under bright light, affecting decision-making. Participants rated stimuli under different lighting conditions, showing a preference for brighter lights to amplify positive and negative emotions.
A new study by Sam Houston State University found that conflicts between work and family life were the most significant issues affecting correctional officers' stress and job satisfaction. The study identified demands from work, incompatibility between work and home roles, and family circumstances as major contributors to job stress.
New research suggests that people deal with difficult decisions by blaming fate to alleviate stress and fears. The study found that participants who faced more difficult decisions were more likely to believe in fate.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that people are more motivated to engage in healthy behavior when they're feeling depleted. Consumers tend to prefer products with safety features more when they're low on energy.
The Supreme Court's decision will likely affect standard of medical care and practice beyond Ontario, with potential resource implications for the province. The ruling also raises concerns about the role of the Consent and Capacity Board in end-of-life decision-making.
Researchers developed a procedure for comparing different crowd models and evaluating their accuracy using real-world data. A bottom-up model focused on individual behavior was found to best match real-world evacuation data, providing insights into safety planning and crowd dynamics.
Researchers have pinpointed areas of the brain that act as an 'arbitrator' between habitual and goal-directed systems. This mechanism ensures optimal control over behavior by weighing the reliability of predictions from each system.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found that a single loud voice can skew the result of voice votes, a common decision-making feature in American public life. The study suggests adjusting voting locations or controlling sound levels to minimize bias.
Researchers compared ventrolateral frontal cortex connectivity in humans and monkeys, finding many similarities in language and complex thought processes. The study suggests that some uniquely human traits may rely on an evolutionarily conserved neural apparatus.
A recent study found that nearly half of hospitalized adults aged 65 and older require assistance making decisions due to cognitive impairment. Family members or children often fill this role, with significant implications for patient care and outcomes.
Researchers found a strong correlation between fast eye movements and impulsivity in decision-making. The study suggests that people who make quick decisions may have a different way of evaluating time and reward in their brains.
Researchers found that certain behaviors may not be observable without massive data, highlighting the importance of considering data quantity in predictive modeling. The study suggests that sweeping assumptions about bigger being better can be dangerous and that the power of analytic tools depends on their appropriate use.
Research reveals that male dyeing poison frogs prefer to deposit their tadpoles in already occupied pools with larger conspecific larvae, despite high cannibalism risk. This unusual decision may be a gamble for frog fathers, weighing stable conditions against potential predation.
A study of 1,244 patients with lumbar disc herniation found that surgery led to greater long-term improvement in pain, functioning, and disability compared to nonsurgical treatment. Patients who underwent surgery showed significant reductions in pain scores, physical functioning, and disability.
The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) provides comprehensive climate change projections, identifying regional hotspots of impact types that coincide and interact. The results highlight the need for effective real-world policies to mitigate the impacts of global warming.
The DTB suggests that England should reject new drugs if pharmaceutical companies fail to provide supporting evidence, reducing duplication of effort and postcode availability. This follows the example of Scotland and Wales, where such decisions are made by a single UK appraisal service.
Researchers found that customizing a personal website can improve self-control, reducing the likelihood of making impulsive decisions during online transactions. Participants who tailored their own site worked longer on a puzzle task than those who customized for others.
Researchers identify lateral habenula as crucial in cost-benefit decisions, clarifying its role in daily choices and shedding light on depression treatment.
A new study by Claudia Townsend and Barbara E. Kahn found that visual presentation can lead to information overload and result in less systematic consideration when making a purchasing decision. Small image sets are key to reducing visual overload, promoting more careful review of options.
A recent study published in Psychological Science reveals that individuals with high emotional intelligence are better equipped to make decisions that are not swayed by unrelated emotions. This allows them to assess risks more accurately and make more informed investment choices.
Researchers at the University of Iowa found that maintaining a direct channel of communication between patients and primary doctors is crucial to success. Patients in regular contact with their primary physicians are most satisfied with their care, according to a new study.
Gambling addiction is linked to distinct brain function abnormalities that impair decision-making, unlike cocaine addiction which affects areas responsible for impulse control. The study highlights the need for specialized treatment addressing emotional issues and loss evaluation in severe cases.
A recent study by Brigham Young University researchers found that excessive texting can lead to lower relationship quality in committed relationships. For both men and women, using text messages to resolve conflicts or make decisions is associated with reduced relationship satisfaction.
Researchers at Aalto University found that current models for forecasting scientist's future contributions are unreliable and can grossly overestimate their predictability. The study analyzed 762 scientists from three disciplines and identified subtle flaws in current models, including false autocorrelation and varying predictive power...
Lurie Children's is receiving funding to study ways to improve communication and care coordination in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The project aims to enable parents to make informed decisions about their child's care, given the high-stakes environment of PICUs.
A new study reveals that corporate bosses selectively intervene in subsidiary decisions to prevent competitive spillovers and maintain a 'go along to get along' cooperative attitude. This approach restricts growth in certain businesses within the corporation, ultimately benefiting rivals at the expense of consumers.
The five-year collaborative research alliance will focus on detecting adversaries and attacks, measuring and managing risk, and altering environments to achieve best results at the least cost. Researchers will develop predictive models to make real-time decisions that lead to mission success.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that older adults are more risk-averse than their midlife counterparts when choosing between possible gains, but more risk-seeking when choosing between losses. The study suggests important policy implications for decision-making across the lifespan.
A clinical decision rule, known as the Ottawa SAH Rule, has been developed to identify neurologically intact patients with headache in the emergency department who have subarachnoid hemorrhage. The rule uses five variables from a patient's history and examination to predict diagnosis, showing 100% sensitivity but only 15.3% specificity.
A MU researcher found that certain types of stories in patient decision-aids can inform patients' decisions without influencing their choices. Process narratives helped women search for information, while experience narratives improved their ability to envision treatment outcomes and evaluate their decisions more favorably.