Articles tagged with Decision Making
A recent study by the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center found that breast cancer patients who made their own treatment decisions were more likely to choose mastectomies over breast-conserving surgeries. The study also revealed that fewer than a third of women with mastectomies received reconstructive surgery, and those...
Researchers found that among patients with confirmed Crohn's disease, clinical decisions based on capsule endoscopy findings improved outcomes in 95% of patients. Capsule endoscopy was also 100 percent effective in excluding a diagnosis of Crohn's disease.
A comprehensive review of hundreds of studies on living wills finds they fail to meet five key criteria for success. The researchers argue that living wills offer a false promise of control over end-of-life treatment and recommend using durable powers of attorneys instead.
A study found that clerks at large urban medical centers make discretionary choices when deciding whether to provide care to uninsured patients. Despite policies being ambiguous or incomplete, most frontline staff reported not turning patients away.
A new three-step process developed by NIST's Office of Applied Economics evaluates the vulnerability of facilities to terrorist threats, considering engineering, management, and financial strategies. The tool assesses the most cost-effective combination of risk reduction strategies to protect facilities from damages.
NIST develops standardized emergency response software and proposes industry-government collaboration to enhance interoperability. The proposed Electronic Emergency Response Framework will provide decision-makers with easily accessible modeling and simulation tools.
A six-month aerobic exercise program improved cognitive performance on a decision-making task in older adults by reducing behavioral conflict. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure changes in brain activity in middle-frontal and superior parietal regions, which were associated with improved performance.
Scientists, including Stephen H. Schneider, will discuss challenges of assessing and communicating scientific risk in managing marine fisheries. Schneider also emphasizes the importance of effective science communication to counter false dichotomies in media coverage.
Researchers studied household land-use strategies in Brazil and the Midwest, finding that crop prices, conservation plans, and state/federal forest protection programs influence decisions. This complexity may make it difficult for policymakers to develop a single, uniform policy for entire regions.
Patients want more information about managing their heart conditions, particularly regarding diet, high cholesterol, and exercise. Despite a clear preference for sharing decision-making with doctors, patients reported feeling moderately well-informed and wanting more information.
A study of 70 patients found that informed consent before cataract surgery had no significant impact on their decisions. Cognitive dissonance also played a role in shaping their choices. The results suggest that ophthalmologists should consider the limited influence of informed consent in surgical decision-making.
Operations researchers at Delta Air Lines used simulations to optimize boarding processes, resulting in a 25% reduction in aircraft turnaround time. The study's findings suggest improved utilization and increased convenience for passengers.
A multi-center study led by Fox Chase Cancer Center oncologist aims to develop an interactive internet-based tool to assess patient values and information needs, providing education on cancer treatment and communication skills training. The goal is to improve doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction.
A new report warns that the US air transportation system is in peril due to a lack of coordination among stakeholders. The report calls for a focused national leadership and strategic vision to enable the airline industry to meet increasing travel demand.
A new study aims to investigate how physicians treat end-stage heart failure patients, focusing on the use of inotropic drugs. The research hopes to provide a framework for selecting care options, including palliation, for older heart failure patients near the end of life.
A European study of over 20,000 deaths in six countries found that end-of-life decisions were common, with administration of drugs to hasten death varying significantly between countries. The study highlights the need for further exploration of end-of-life care practices and attitudes towards physician-assisted death.
A study by Michelle J. Hindin found that younger women in rural areas, with lower education and income, were more likely to justify wife beating. In contrast, urban women from wealthy households or those with shared education were less likely to do so.
A University of Melbourne postdoctoral student will develop computer software agents for Britain's Ministry of Defence to model real human behaviour. The agents will aim to inject life-like behaviour into computer-generated forces, improving training and analysis.
Researchers Jules Berman and Donald Henson developed a classification system for cancer precursors, identifying 568 distinct concepts with over 4700 terms. This database is designed to be fully searchable and linked to other databases, providing a potential breakthrough in early detection and treatment.
The study found that physicians can improve ICU end-of-life conferences by providing emotional support, listening to family members' concerns, and allowing them more time to speak. This leads to increased family satisfaction and reduced conflict during the conference.
The System Assessment Capability (SAC) is an integrated system of computer models and databases that predicts the movement and fate of contaminants through the vadose zone, groundwater, and Columbia River. SAC assesses the impact of contaminants on human health, animals, and the environment, providing a comprehensive understanding of c...
The Management of Knowledge-Intensive Dynamic Systems (MKIDS) program supports research on how information technologies can streamline processes for organizations responding to rapidly changing situations. Researchers are developing tools to design optimal organizational structures, predict failure points, and monitor organizational pe...
A universal consent form improved the consent rate for invasive procedures in ICU patients from 53% to 90.5%. This allowed patients and families to make more decisions and enabled healthcare providers to be more responsive to their wishes.
A study by Catherine Ortner found that intoxicated individuals may actually make more cautious decisions than sober counterparts in certain situations. The research suggests a complex relationship between alcohol consumption and decision-making processes.
Research by Kansas State University psychology professor maps choice-making in the brain, revealing two systems: deliberative and emotional. The study demonstrates the relationship between brain activity and observed choices, with surprising results on how the brain processes risk and ambiguity.
A Bayer BP team introduced six decision points to help determine whether to continue developing a new drug for dissolving blood clots. The process has improved forecasting technical and market risks, allowing for more informed decisions.
A new monsoon forecasting method developed by Professor Peter Webster could guide farmers in choosing optimal planting times and making informed decisions about water management. This technique, applicable to any monsoon region, has the potential to create a significant increase in crop yields without relying on pesticides or fertilizers.
A study led by Dr Andrea Litva found that both health professionals and lay people do not currently support direct public involvement in clinical governance. The research suggests that creating a culture shift among lay people will require time and support from primary care trusts to involve the public effectively.
A recent study by Ohio State University reveals that chronic self-doubters are more prone to anxiety, depression, and procrastination. They tend to lack confidence in their decision-making abilities, leading to a vicious cycle of self-doubt.
New Ohio State University research suggests district court judges tend to follow appellate judges' decisions on labor law cases. The study found that district judges are less likely to write signed majority opinions and dissents, indicating they often go along with the decisions rather than taking initiative.
A study by Aysan Sev'er explores the experiences of 39 women who escaped abusive relationships, revealing key findings about resilience, support networks, and the importance of self-respect. The book provides a model for coping strategies that can help survivors rebuild their lives.
A study by Texas A&M University found that even small amounts of alcohol can impair driving skills and increase the risk of accidents. Drivers with a blood alcohol concentration as low as .04 (half the legal limit) showed significant impairment in their abilities, highlighting the dangers of drinking and driving.
The Association of American Medical Colleges and colleagues argue that attaining greater diversity in the health care workforce is crucial for advancing cultural competency among providers. Addressing disparities in primary, secondary, and undergraduate education can help increase access to high-quality health services for minorities.
The American Sociological Association's President emphasizes the need to study mechanisms driving social inequalities in the workplace. Researchers should focus on organizational and societal-level factors, such as design of work and promotions, to understand how ascriptive characteristics affect inequality.
Research suggests that altruism, not panic, drives human behavior during disasters. In emergency situations, people prioritize helping others over self-preservation. Clarke's study highlights the importance of community expectations and trust in authorities to guide behavior during crises.
A study by the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences found that young tech CEOs are more likely to invest in research and development, while older attorneys tend to be more conservative. The study suggests that CEO characteristics, such as background and tenure, have a significant impact on R&D spending.
Researchers aim to develop autonomous intelligent network and systems that can perform coordinated actions without human intervention. The goal is to create a 'commander' giving broad operational orders, while agents work together to overcome complex challenges, such as distributed signal processing and wireless communication.
The new tool helps decision makers utilize long-range forecasts by explaining and evaluating their performance. It allows users to customize evaluations based on lead-times, seasons, and locations relevant to their specific needs.
A new study found that error encouragement training improves performance for individuals with higher intelligence, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. In contrast, those with lower abilities benefit from error-avoidance training, which leads to higher self-confidence and better performance.
A University of Florida study found a significant generation gap in beliefs about the right to die, with grandparents more likely to believe in individual choice and family members' autonomy. Women were also more likely to support family members' decisions, while strong religious views were less supportive.
A University of Michigan study found that brains detect wins and losses within a third of a second, triggering subsequent decision-making. The research suggests that losses loom larger than gains in the brain's neural activity, influencing future choices.
A study found that surgeons rarely offer women a choice between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery, despite medical appropriateness. Women's perceptions of receiving a choice differ significantly from surgeons' perceptions, with female surgeons focusing on security and male surgeons prioritizing femininity.
The study found that physician judgment had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 26% for the Ottawa rules, and 80% and 59% for the Leiden rule. With structured data collection, physicians' judgment was similar to existing ankle rules in terms of sensitivity and ability to safely reduce radiographic examinations.
A study found that patients who received qualitative descriptions of drug side-effects overestimated their risk, while those with quantitative descriptions made more accurate assessments. The results suggest that the EU's use of qualitative descriptions for risk bands may lead to poor decision-making among patients.
A standard decision-making framework is being developed to formalise regulatory bodies' assessment of safety cases, reducing subjective judgements. Deconstruction, a technique from French philosopher Derrida, will be used to find meanings in texts that authors did not intend, improving the accuracy of decisions.
A study published by Dr. Dean Shibata found that people's brains use both rational and emotional parts when making personal decisions. When asked to choose between options, the ventromedial frontal lobe showed increased activity in the brain.
Researchers found that people are more willing to take risks when confident in their knowledge and less likely to do so when unsure. This discovery has significant implications for various decision-making processes.
The AAAS jobs survey shows a 7% increase in median salaries for U.S. life scientists between May 2000 and May 2001, with real average weekly earnings outperforming raises for many other jobs. However, women earn nearly one-third less than men, with significant gaps in non-academic settings.
The Cornell Institute for Research on Children (CIRC) aims to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers. CIRC will conduct multidisciplinary research on policy-relevant questions related to children, informing better-informed decisions.
Researchers at Dartmouth/VA reveal that operative mortality for major surgery varies significantly by procedure and patient age. Elderly patients face two- to four-fold higher mortality risks than younger patients, highlighting the need for more realistic estimates in decision-making.
Researchers examine dam removal's effects on rivers, considering ecological, engineering, social and legal perspectives. The symposium explores how dam removal affects nutrient flow, habitat, and flood patterns, highlighting the need for better restoration strategies.
Researchers develop AI-powered system to provide real-time characterization of ice buildup on wings, enhancing pilot decision-making and aircraft stability. The smart ice-management system aims to improve safety for pilots flying in severe icing conditions.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a fundamental decision-making unit in cells that integrates multiple signals to initiate cell movement. This protein, N-WASP, relies on cooperative action between two signal molecules to trigger actin polymerization and drive cell movement.
The Knowledge Wall is an ONR-funded concept using commercial technology to display relevant data on a single wall. It was installed onboard the USS CORONADO, addressing issues faced by naval decision-makers.
A study suggests that people are more likely to vote if they actively dislike a presidential candidate, but only if there is a preferred candidate to support. The research, based on nationwide survey data from 1972 to 1988, found that voters form impressions about candidates similarly to those in other areas of life.
Canadian physicians consider whether adolescents should be allowed to make health care decisions, citing the concept of proportionality and competency. Most adolescents are deemed capable of making competent health care decisions, warranting respect for their autonomy.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that auditors tend to make more objective decisions than salespeople due to their legal liability. However, when salespeople are held accountable for their decisions, their bias is reduced. The study suggests that making decisions based on facts rather than personal biases can lead to bet...
Oregon Health & Science University researchers will study why patients choose to die at home, exploring factors like decision-making process and patient pain concerns. The study aims to enhance understanding of the factors affecting end-of-life care delivery.
A study found that auditors and salespersons distort information to support their preferred decisions, with auditors showing less distortion than salespersons. Holding professionals accountable lowered distortion for salespersons, but not for auditors.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are developing interactive, three-dimensional displays to visualize the complex data associated with the power system network. These tools aim to facilitate informed, fast decision-making in electricity markets, where congestion can affect thousands of elements and power transfers.