Articles tagged with Psychiatry
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A study investigates the impact of methylphenidate on young ADHD drivers' ability to focus while navigating real-world distractions. The research team aims to determine if controlled-release stimulant medication improves driving performance in such situations.
Research found that nurses experience high levels of fear and aggression on psychiatric wards, with 57% of incidents aimed at staff. The study suggests that training should focus on improving communication between staff and patients to reduce aggression.
A Chinese online tool for assessing depression has been found to be both accurate and reproducible, offering a potential solution for identifying the growing number of people suffering from depression. The Internet-based Self-assessment Program for Depression (ISP-D) was tested on 579 subjects, revealing that 31% had major depressive d...
Scientists have created a technique to directly control brain cell activity with light, enabling experimentation with neural circuits and potentially leading to therapies for disorders like depression and Parkinson's disease. The 'traffic light' system uses light-sensitive proteins to selectively stimulate or dampen different neurons.
Following FDA warnings on suicidal behavior risks, antidepressant prescriptions among children and teens decreased from 2003 to 2005. Psychiatrists became the primary prescribers for this age group, replacing primary care physicians.
A new study found that less than a quarter of US child and adolescent psychiatrists screen for dating violence, despite its common occurrence among teens. The authors emphasize the importance of clinicians taking the lead in discussing romantic relationships to identify potential abuse.
Recent advances in bipolar II disorder and related disorders highlight the need for further research due to changes in diagnostic criteria and mixed profiles. Treatment options, such as mood stabilisers, are recommended for mixed depression, but controlled pharmacological studies are lacking.
A University of Iowa study found antidepressant treatment improves post-stroke cognitive abilities, including executive function, in stroke survivors. The improvements occurred 21 months after treatment ended and were independent of changes in depression.
A genome-wide study of 1,200 families with multiple cases of autism has identified a previously unidentified region on chromosome 11 and implicated genes affecting glutamate neurons. The findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of autism and offer potential routes to breakthroughs in treatments.
Researchers found a specific area of the genome on chromosome 2 associated with attempted suicide, bipolar disorder and major depression. The study identified a high degree of genetic similarity among family members with a history of attempted suicide and bipolar disorder.
A new test, Hypomanic symptom check list (HCL-32), has been validated to identify type II bipolar disorder patients. The test, which consists of 32 questions, is more precise than the Mood disorder questionnaire in identifying this underdiagnosed disease.
Researchers found that newborn brain regions controlling vision and sensory information grew significantly faster than those controlling abstract thinking. Gray matter, which contains most of the neurons, grew by 40% in the first months after birth, leading to potential implications for autism research.
A national study by Duke University researchers found that people with psychiatric disabilities are less likely to receive monetary awards or job-related benefits in court cases. They also report feeling less treated fairly and receiving less respect during the legal process compared to those with physical disabilities.
Patients with PTSD exhibit lower pain thresholds, a phenomenon attributed to changes in brain regions involved in mood and cognitive pain processing. The study's findings provide evidence for reduced pain sensitivity in PTSD, shedding light on the complex relationships between trauma, brain function, and pain perception.
A prospective study found that higher levels of PTSD symptoms are associated with an increased risk of non-fatal and fatal coronary heart disease in older male veterans. The study analyzed data from 1,946 men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.
A recent Danish study highlights the risks of postpartum psychiatric episodes, emphasizing the need for effective screening, education, and treatment. The US has not prioritized postpartum illness as a major public health concern until recently, but efforts are underway to implement universal screening programs.
A simulation of dozens of studies suggests providing minimal enhanced care for employees' depression would result in cumulative savings to employers. This approach reduces absenteeism and employee turnover costs, yielding a net savings of $4,633 per 1,000 workers.
A Swedish study found that steroid users were twice as likely to be convicted of weapons offenses and one and a half times more likely to be convicted of fraud. In contrast, there was no association between steroid use and violent crimes or property crimes.
A study found that children with higher intelligence at age 6 were less likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by age 17, even if they experienced traumatic events. Children with anxiety disorders and conduct problems at age 6 were more likely to develop PTSD.
Despite advances in treatment, Alzheimer's care has remained consistent since Alois Alzheimer's first patient presentation in 1906. Non-pharmacological strategies like bright-light therapy and aromatherapy are still used today to manage symptoms.
A large study published in Journal of General Internal Medicine found that women with mental disorders are less likely to receive mammograms, especially those with psychotic disorders. However, the severity of depression and anxiety also plays a role in lower mammography rates.
Research by Arul Mishra and Dhananjay Nayakankuppam found that human judges are inconsistent in their assessments, rather than relying on data or calibration. This inconsistency arises from the use of causal stories to explain relationships between cues and qualities.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found two genetic mutations in the SLITRK1 gene linked to trichotillomania, affecting 3-5% of the population. The study validates a biological basis for mental illnesses and opens the door for genetic testing.
A University of Pittsburgh study reveals that weight concerns can decrease a woman's motivation to remain smoke-free postpartum. Women who were confident in their ability to control their weight without smoking were more motivated to stay abstinent.
A Hopkins-led study of over 600 people and their families found that siblings, parents, or children of those diagnosed with chronic severe unipolar depression before age 31 have a 2.52-to-1 chance of also having the disorder. This suggests the value of searching for contributory genes.
Research suggests that older fathers are more likely to have autistic children, with a significantly increased risk compared to younger fathers. The study, which analyzed data from over 318,000 individuals, found that advancing age among fathers was associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder.
Finnish soldiers rarely sought compensation for psychological war injuries due to a culture of shame. Researcher Ville Kivimäki's study reveals that restrictive war psychiatry created a reality where traumatic experiences were stigmatized, limiting veterans' ability to express their traumas.
Researchers and clinicians discuss key issues in dementia diagnosis, including assessment tools and genetic research. The article highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnoses for treatment and progression, as new medications become available.
A new care model for bipolar disorder, developed by Brown University researchers, has shown promise in reducing manic episodes and improving quality of life. The team-based approach involves psychiatrists and nurses working together to manage symptoms, resulting in a significant reduction in symptoms and improved function.
A study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry identified nine genetic regions associated with successful aging, with some affecting men and women differently. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive drinking also played a significant role in successful aging.
A recent study by UK researcher Cerel explores the connection between parental death and psychiatric problems in children. The results indicate that while bereavement has a negative impact, it is less severe than clinical depression.
A new study found that neurosurgical treatment of severe anxiety disorders can be effective in relieving symptoms, but also carries a significant risk of side-effects such as apathy and epilepsy. The study monitored 51 patients for up to 23 years after undergoing capsulotomy, a procedure that involves severing nerve fibers in the brain.
A study found that recently released prisoners in England and Wales are at a significantly higher risk of suicide, particularly women, who are 36 times more likely to commit suicide than the general population. The authors suggest that inadequate mental health care and support after release from prison may contribute to this risk.
A study found that nearly half of elementary school teachers admitted to bullying students, with a strong correlation between those who were bullied in childhood and those who bully others as adults. This highlights the need for teacher support and effective discipline methods to prevent bullying.
A whole-genome scan for OCD has identified six potentially significant regions in the genome linked to the condition. These regions are found on five different chromosomes and may hold the key to understanding the genetic basis of OCD.
A study by Saint Louis University found significant changes in brain activity after vagal nerve stimulation treatment began, continuing to evolve over 21 months. The treatment appears to induce long-lasting brain changes, with benefits lasting up to two years.
Researchers found that following a healthy lifestyle plan, including memory exercises, physical activity, and balanced diet, significantly improved brain metabolism and cognitive function in just 14 days. The study suggests that simple lifestyle changes can have a lasting impact on mental health and overall well-being.
Internet addiction is increasingly affecting people's lives, leading to negative consequences such as divorce and physical symptoms like cyber shakes. Recognizing this addiction will allow for appropriate treatment, enabling therapists to address technological addictions and their associated issues.
Researchers identified a gene mutation linked to autism, revealing physical abnormalities in the brain that mimic some cases of autism. The study found altered nerve cell structure and function, potentially leading to sensory overload.
Dr. Andreasen, a leading expert on schizophrenia, receives Vanderbilt Prize for Biomedical Science for her groundbreaking research and mentorship of women in science. The award includes a $25,000 prize and establishes a scholarship to support a promising M.D./Ph.D. candidate.
Staff members cite eight advantages, including secure care and protection from the outside world, but also 18 disadvantages, such as controlling doors being an uncomfortable task. The majority of patients had mood disorders or anxiety conditions.
Researchers have identified two patterns of cognitive impairment in people with AIDS, differing in severity and brain region affected. The study found that while severe dementia has decreased, a milder form of impairment has increased, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and potential treatments.
A study found that the transition to menopause is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing high depressive symptoms and diagnosed depressive disorders in premenopausal women. Changes in hormone levels were significantly linked to these outcomes, emphasizing the need for further research on this topic.
Researchers found that individuals with depression who exhibit increased activity in certain brain regions are more likely to respond to CBT. The study used fMRI to identify these regions, which included the subgenual cingulate cortex and amygdala.
A recent study found that 33 women (10%) experience symptoms of anxiety and stress after giving birth, independent of postnatal depression. Health practitioners should assess new mothers for broader signs of distress than depression alone to provide adequate care.
A four-phase study on treatments for depression found that one-third of patients achieved full remission after initial treatment, while nearly 50% became symptom-free after one or two treatments. The study suggests that augmenting a first antidepressant with a second may be effective for some patients.
A large-scale study found that successful treatment of mothers with depression leads to significant improvements in their children's mental health, including a 33% higher remission rate for children whose mothers recovered from depressive symptoms. Children of non-remitted mothers showed a 12% increase in depression diagnoses.
A study of 106 healthy volunteers found that lower omega-3 levels were associated with depression symptoms, a negative outlook, and impulsivity. Higher omega-3 levels were linked to increased agreeableness.
The landmark COBY study found bipolar disorder in children and teens progresses differently than in adults, with more frequent mood swings and longer symptom duration. Children and teens often switch between different illness sub-types during the course of follow-up.
A new study confirms that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is associated with improved health-related quality of life in the short term and long term. ECT, a treatment for severe mental illness, was found to improve symptoms of depression and enhance overall well-being in patients who attained remission.
A study by Professor Renzo Guerrini highlights the importance of special precautions for children with severe epilepsy at home to prevent accidents. These precautions include using shields around heat sources and ensuring children are never left alone during bathing.
This study analyzed Civil War data on 15,027 soldiers, finding strong relations between traumatic exposure, comorbid disease, mental health ailments, and early death. Younger soldiers were more likely to show signs of physical and mental disorders, as well as cardiovascular disease alone.
A study by Utah researchers confirms that a specific region on chromosome 3 is linked to autism, with results showing strong similarities to Finnish studies. The researchers used genetic markers to analyze the DNA of 31 family members, seven of whom have autism or an autism-related disorder.
A system is needed to monitor and address performance issues in doctors due to underlying causes such as mental health problems, substance abuse, or physical illness. The proposed model involves explicit performance standards, annual evaluations, and access to treatment programs.
A new initiative aims to track the experiences of Hurricane Katrina survivors, gathering data on their recovery process, mental health, and access to healthcare. Quarterly reports will be posted online to inform policy decisions.
The study found that 12.3% of participants had night eating syndrome, which was more common in obese patients and those with substance abuse issues. The condition is often associated with life stress and depression, and mental health practitioners need to screen for and treat it.
Researchers in antidepressant studies focus on symptoms to gauge remission, while patients prioritize factors like positive mental health and return to usual functioning. Studies suggest that patients consider multiple factors beyond symptom disappearance to determine remission from depression.
A new case of dementia arises every seven seconds worldwide, with 60% of those affected living in developing countries. By 2040, rates are projected to rise by 71% in developing countries and 100% in developed countries.
Research suggests that adults with Down syndrome have higher concentrations of myo-inositol in the brain, leading to reduced cognitive ability and increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to develop a new treatment approach by reducing myo-inositol levels in the brains of people with Down syndrome.
Patients with bipolar disorder experience worsening psychosocial disability as depressive symptom severity increases, and vice versa. Psychosocial functioning normalizes when patients are asymptomatic, but remains poor compared to well controls.