Articles tagged with Psychiatry
A study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) improves mood, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with major depression. Sixty-six percent of patients showed significant improvement after ECT treatment.
A recent study using data from 43,093 adults found that 24.9% were current cigarette smokers and 12.8% were nicotine dependent. Those who were nicotine-dependent consumed 57.5% of all cigarettes smoked in the US, highlighting the need for targeted smoking cessation efforts on individuals with nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders.
Research found that adolescent gamblers are more likely to experience severe psychiatric problems, including substance use disorders and depression. Early-onset gambling is associated with more severe problems compared to adult-onset gambling.
A new study reveals that 8 out of 10 patients with serious mental illnesses are satisfied with their Seroquel treatment, experiencing improved positive and negative symptoms. This is attributed to its effectiveness and favorable side effect profile, leading to better compliance and outcomes.
Research suggests a double dissociation in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia, with summer births associated with deficit syndrome. The association was found across six countries in the northern hemisphere, supporting seasonal variations in etiology.
A study comparing antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy found that both were effective in treating social phobia, with 54.2% of patients experiencing improvement. However, combining treatment did not yield additional benefits.
A landmark longitudinal study reveals that individuals with personality disorder symptoms can experience a decline in their symptoms over time, regardless of treatment or co-occurring conditions. The study's findings challenge the long-held assumption that personality disorders are stable and inflexible.
Researchers found that a diagnosis of FAS at an early age and a stable environment can reduce the risk of negative life experiences by two-to-four-fold. Children with FAE often lack physical characteristics, but still face challenges with learning, memory, and problem-solving.
Researchers found that acute stress increases levels of DHEA-S in healthy humans and the DHEA-S-cortisol ratio is associated with reduced dissociation symptoms. The study suggests that augmentation of DHEA-S levels before stress exposure may provide a protective effect against stress-induced symptoms.
Patients with major depressive disorder showed significant improvement in symptoms and medical outcomes when treated according to the Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) guidelines. The study, published in Archives of General Psychiatry, found a two-to-three times greater improvement rate compared to standard treatment.
The study examined brain tissue from 17 teenage suicide victims and 17 control subjects without psychiatric illness. Researchers found statistically significant decreases in protein kinase C (PKC) activity in certain brain areas of the suicide victims' brains, suggesting a potential link to therapeutic intervention.
Researchers found a 31% greater number of nerve cells in the thalamus involved with emotional regulation, leading to physical enlargement and structural abnormalities in individuals with severe depression. The study suggests that brain development abnormalities are responsible for depression.
Researchers have found that genetic variations in the GABRA6 gene contribute to individual differences in stress response. The study suggests a link between this gene polymorphism and an attenuated stress response.
A study involving 509 active duty military personnel found that eyewitness memory is poor in highly intense and stressful situations, regardless of presentation method. Recognition was better during low-stress conditions, with some participants even confusing the gender of the interrogator or guard.
A new psychological theory proposes that 16 basic human needs, such as honor and idealism, drive individuals to adopt religious beliefs. The theory, developed by Steven Reiss at Ohio State University, suggests that each person balances their unique set of needs when engaging with religion.
A new study shows that Seroquel achieves remission in bipolar mania, with a significant increase in remission rates over time. The medication has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of racing thoughts, reckless behavior, and decreased sleep.
Researchers at Yale University developed an imaging test that identifies patients with schizophrenia with 97 percent accuracy. The test targets abnormalities in the auditory cortex and has potential as a powerful clinical tool for assessing schizophrenia.
Researchers found that children taking additional zinc sulphate on a daily basis showed faster improvement in their ADHD symptoms compared to those taking a placebo. The study's results suggest a potential role of zinc deficiency in the pathogenesis of ADHD and highlight the need for further research.
The study found that 92.5% of detained juveniles experienced one or more traumatic events, with boys reporting more experiences than girls. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was also higher among this population, particularly among those who reported witnessing violence.
A study by Northwestern University found that over 90% of delinquent youth had experienced at least one traumatic event, with boys reporting higher rates than girls. The researchers recommend improving mental health services for high-risk youth and detecting post-traumatic stress disorder in juvenile detainees.
Research links severe atherosclerosis to increased prevalence of depressive disorders in older adults. Patients with coronary and aortic calcifications are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.
A study published in The Lancet reveals that southern India has the world's highest rates of suicide among young people, particularly young women. The study found that suicide accounted for between half and three-quarters of deaths among young women, highlighting a need for urgent intervention.
A study estimates that brain and nervous system disorders in the US may cost as much as $1.2 trillion annually, with complex genetics contributing significantly to the disease burden. Genetic factors are believed to play a major role in these disorders, particularly those with high heritability rates.
A new study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that earlier diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia significantly improves patient outcomes. Patients treated early tended to be younger, less symptomatic, and more responsive to treatment than those not receiving early detection programs.
Researchers found that exposure to thimerosal, a vaccine preservative, can interrupt growth factor signaling and cause adverse effects on methylation reactions. This can lead to disorders such as autism and ADHD in infants and children.
A study in four Scandinavian health care sectors found that public awareness programs significantly reduced the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) for first-episode patients. The programs included educational campaigns and a telephone hotline number, resulting in median DUP of 5 weeks compared to 16 weeks.
A study of 278 men aged 45+ without depression found that low testosterone levels were associated with a higher incidence of diagnosed depression. Men with hypogonadism were 4.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than those with normal testosterone levels.
The editorial cites evidence from studies including the Nurses' Health Study and Cancer Prevention Study II, which found a correlation between adequate sleep duration and increased lifespan. These findings support the notion that getting enough sleep is essential for overall health and well-being.
A study of 91 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) found that depression was a common complication, affecting 33% during the first year. TBI patients with depression were also more likely to have mood and anxiety disorders, exhibiting aggressive behavior and reduced social functioning.
A study examined the ability of prisoners with mental illness to give informed consent and found that nearly all were competent but scored lower than healthy controls. The researchers suggest that extra time and effort should be spent during the consent process to ensure these individuals understand the risks and benefits.
Dr. Walter Reich received the AAAS Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award for his work exposing psychiatric abuse in the Soviet Union. He revealed how Soviet psychiatrists used this tactic to curb dissent, leading to human rights abuses.
A genome-wide investigation found that reading ability in individuals with ADHD shares common genetic variants with the condition, but also has distinct genetic underpinnings. The study identified four chromosomal regions associated with reading ability, overlapping previously identified areas for ADHD and reading disorder.
A new study explores the potential of erythropoietin (EPO) as a neuroprotective agent for schizophrenia. EPO was found to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enhance cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. The results suggest that EPO may be a promising compound for preventing loss of brain function in this disease.
The Emory-GSK-NIMH Collaborative Mood Disorders Initiative will develop innovative models for basic and clinical research in mood disorders. Scientists at NIMH will create clinical models to assess novel antidepressants, while Emory faculty will develop preclinical models of fear, anxiety, and depression.
A new genetic variant has been identified in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), showing a strong link to the development of the condition in multiple generations. The I425V mutation affects serotonin transporter function and is rare, found in only 7 out of 833 individuals studied.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry found that a specific gene variant, M129V, affecting the prion protein is associated with changes in cognitive performance. Researchers discovered this link while investigating genetic influences on mental health disorders, also noting a connection to mad cow disease.
Researchers found that minorities were less likely to receive an insanity opinion than whites, but the difference was small. The study also suggests that a community-based forensic mental health system in Virginia is reliable for offering insanity opinions.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that 22% of seniors over 75 have cognitive disorders, with multiple factors contributing to the condition. The study highlights the importance of good medical care in preventing brain disease and identifying risk factors for cognitive impairment.
A study conducted at Duke University Medical Center found that relief from poverty can lead to a decrease in frequency of psychiatric symptoms in children. The research, published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, suggests that removing family poverty is associated with improved mental health outcomes.
A recent study found that only 17.7% of eligible substance abuse treatment programs provide specialized care for older adults, despite the increasing number of people over 65 in high-risk states like Iowa, Florida, and Arizona. The study highlights the need for developing strategies to manage late-life alcoholism.
A study found that chronic drinking elevates cortisol levels both during intoxication and withdrawal, impacting overall health. Elevated cortisol is also associated with increased risk of medical and psychiatric problems such as diabetes and cognitive deficits.
Paxil has been shown to improve memory and brain structure in PTSD sufferers, with clinically significant improvements in memory and concentration observed. The study found increased hippocampal volume and decreased cortisol levels, leading to relief of PTSD symptoms.
Researchers identify key genes and cellular pathways contributing to schizophrenia, providing new insights into the disorder's complex biology. The study's findings hold promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
A study found that doctors and mental-health professionals often fail to address alcohol consumption during visits, even when patients have multiple health or social problems. This missed opportunity can lead to inadequate treatment referrals and counseling.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry has identified a sex-specific gene variant associated with an increased risk of developing severe depression in women. Over 80% of women who inherited the CREB1 variant developed depressive disorders, highlighting the importance of considering sex-specific factors in depression research.
A mutation in the GRK3 gene, specifically in the promoter region, is linked to bipolar disorder in up to 10% of cases. The study suggests that this mutation causes individuals to become hypersensitive to dopamine, leading to mood extremes characteristic of the disease.
A study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that nicotine replacement therapy works as well for smokers with long-term sobriety as it does for smokers without a history of alcoholism. In fact, most smokers with past alcoholism (85%) can quit smoking without difficulty and benefit from nicotine-patch treatment.
Research supports the hypothesis that mesocortical dopamine function is impaired in schizophrenia, with decreased D2/3 receptor density associated with negative and general psychopathological symptoms. Age was also negatively correlated with D2/3 receptor density among controls.
Researchers found two genes, HTR1D and OPRD1, associated with anorexia nervosa in the 1p33-36 linkage region. These genes regulate behaviors including eating and anxiety, and individuals carrying specific alleles for developing anorexia nervosa are at increased risk.
A study of retired physicians and their spouses found that both groups enjoyed very high life satisfaction following retirement. The happiest retirees were those who had chosen to retire at a young age and had progressed through the initial post-retirement adjustment phase. Factors associated with better life satisfaction for the physi...
Researchers found lower concentrations of amino acid N-acetylaspartate in the right hippocampus of males with bipolar disorder. The study suggests a progressive nature of the disease, with decreasing levels of NAA seen over time.
The American Psychiatric Association and AstraZeneca have launched an international awards programme to support young psychiatry researchers working in the fields of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The programme aims to provide vital career development support to help advance innovative research and treatment options for patients.
A new study published in Archives of General Psychiatry reveals that high prenatal alcohol use significantly increases the risk of a child developing drinking-related problems by age 21. The research found that 14% of young adults with prenatal exposure to five or more drinks per occasion had alcohol problems, compared to just 4.5% wit...
A study found that patients with schizophrenia experienced improved symptom management and reduced side effects when switching to Seroquel, including significant reductions in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores and Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness ratings.
A new study finds that ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a highly effective and sensitive marker of recent alcohol use, detecting consumption up to 80 hours after complete elimination. The marker helps identify patients who have lapsed or relapsed in treatment, ensuring they are alcohol-free for work and other activities.
Researchers found that preschoolers with depression exhibit symptoms similar to those in older children and adults, including anhedonia, sadness, and low energy. The study also highlighted the importance of identifying and treating depression in young children to prevent impairment of normal development.
Researcher North studies survivors of disasters, including plane crashes and mass shootings, finding most people are resilient but vulnerable to PTSD. People with a history of psychiatric illness are at high risk for developing PTSD, especially those experiencing avoidance and numbing symptoms after disasters.
Researchers investigated a repeat polymorphism in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and found associations with neuroticism, psychoticism, and non-conformity. The study suggests that genetic variations in this gene may contribute to specific components of personality.
Researchers found a significant association between the DQB1_05 and _04 alleles and sleepwalking disorder, suggesting that these genes play a role in disorders of motor control during sleep. The study identified Ser74 as a key genetic marker for sleepwalking, providing new insights into its underlying mechanisms.
Research suggests that the mammalian ventral tegmental area plays a critical role in mediating both rewarding and aversive properties of nicotine. Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine signaling induced by neuroleptic medications may selectively block the aversive effects of nicotine, increasing vulnerability to its addictive properties.