The study found that Aboriginal infants had more preventable deaths and higher disparities in death rates compared to non-Aboriginal peers. The researchers emphasize the need for effective maternal and infant services to address these disparities and promote long-term Aboriginal health and well-being.
NIST researchers have developed a more accurate method for measuring distillation curves, which are crucial for characterizing fuel composition and performance. The new approach eliminates uncertainties and systematic errors, enabling better correlation with thermodynamic theory used in modern fuels and engines.
NIST researchers have successfully grown gallium nitride alloy nanowires with intense ultraviolet and visible light emission. The wires' high light output and defect-free structure enable reliable room-temperature measurements, while their versatility makes them suitable for various devices, including sensors and transistors.
The latest Global Disease Burden study finds a 20% reduction in global disease burden, but HIV/AIDS and malaria increase death tolls, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, Eastern Europe experiences a 'striking reversal' in falling adult mortality rates without effective health monitoring.
Researchers found a 2-degree widening of the tropics, with subtropical deserts expanding into midlatitude regions. Midlatitude temperatures warmed by 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit over 26 years, suggesting a change in jet stream positions.
A recent Virginia study suggests that US schools should prioritize an early emphasis on science to boost the number of future scientific leaders. The research found that students who expected to pursue science careers were more likely to earn degrees in life sciences or physical sciences and engineering.
Recent research using genetic data analysis and simulation software challenges the common assumption that modern residents of a region are direct descendants of their earlier inhabitants. The study suggests that the Etruscan population may have been more diverse or socially elite, leading to little overlap with modern Tuscans.
Researchers found faster subtropical warming of the troposphere, moving jet streams poleward, which could widen tropical regions and alter rainfall patterns. This shift may reduce winter precipitation in southern Europe and Australia, as well as impact regional climate patterns.
A new study reveals that removing top predator species from kelp forests has a profound impact on the ecosystem, while organic coastal run-off has minimal effect. The research suggests California is on the right track with fishing limits to protect the delicate food chain.
The ESRC report reveals high demand for social science PhD holders in various sectors beyond academia. The study highlights the crucial importance of equipping UK social scientists with core research and professional skills.
A long-term study of over 44,000 women found that Chlamydia testing increased the risk of severe reproductive complications, but at lower rates than previously thought. The study suggests that current screening programs may not be as effective as assumed, raising questions about their cost-effectiveness.
Researchers found a chemical switch in the body that allows muscle atrophy to occur and how to turn it off. They developed methods to block the protein's ability to cause atrophy using gene therapy and drug treatment.
Phase II and phase III clinical trials demonstrate DAYTRANA's effectiveness in reducing ADHD symptoms, including improvements in behavior and classroom performance. The patch formulation provides a once-daily treatment option for children aged 6-12 with ADHD.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have made significant progress in developing RNAi gene therapy, a promising approach to treating organ-wide diseases. However, they also encountered unexpected side effects, including liver toxicity in mice, which hindered their progress. Despite this setback, the team was able to o...
A study found that light-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with lower IQs in offspring at 10 years of age. The effects were worse for African-American children, and a second trimester drinking pattern had the most significant impact on intellectual functioning.
Researchers at the Children's Medical Research Institute have identified syndapin as a crucial molecule in the transmission of messages between nerve cells. The partnership between syndapin and dynamin is vital for understanding neurological disorders such as epilepsy, conditions of memory loss and schizophrenia.
Researchers used a technique to analyze political book sales and blog networks, finding distinct communities and cohesion within groups. The algorithm identified left- and right-wing book groups and blogs, with rare connections between them, suggesting polarization and factional strength.
Scientists have confirmed experiments that chemical chaperones can partially correct the genetic defect responsible for most cases of Gaucher's disease. This could lead to a cost reduction of at least 100-fold compared to current enzyme replacement therapy.
Recently reported cases of rodent virus transmission through organ donation highlight the need for a tracking system. Physicians should be vigilant in identifying clusters of symptoms following transplantation, as early detection can prevent further transmissions.
The Tobacco Control Scale evaluates 30 European countries' efforts to curb smoking and improve population health. Ireland leads with a score of 74 points, followed by the UK, Norway, and Iceland.
Researchers at the University of Manchester are investigating molecular mechanisms behind retinoschisis to find a cure. They will build on existing research to develop new treatments and diagnostic tests for this genetic disorder.
Scientists predict temperature increases of 1.6-6 degrees Celsius due to natural processes injecting more CO2 into the atmosphere, exceeding current models' 1.5-4.5 degree Celsius predictions.
A recent study published in Tobacco Control found that teenagers who smoke just one cigarette are at risk of becoming regular smokers for up to three years. The researchers analyzed data from over 6,000 young people and found that those who had tried a single cigarette were twice as likely to become regular smokers by the age of 14.
Dan David Prize winners Dr. Mendelsohn and Dr. Schlessinger were recognized for their groundbreaking research on cancer treatment and signal transduction. Their work has led to the development of effective therapies and treatments for various forms of cancer.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new magnetic semiconductor material that can inject spin-polarized electrons into silicon semiconductors. This breakthrough enables the creation of more efficient electronic circuits with reduced size and increased versatility.
Researchers found that a single bout of overeating from supersizing a fast-food meal can result in significant hidden financial costs, including increased energy needs, medical care, and vehicle expenses. The study's findings suggest that these costs can outweigh the initial savings of upsizing a meal, making it a less affordable option.
A genetic disorder causing hypoglycemia, congenital hyperinsulinism is linked to defects in insulin secretion by pancreatic cells. Mutations in the glutamate dehydrogenase gene impair enzyme sensitivity, leading to excessive insulin release and hypoglycemia.
Researchers will develop structural materials with chemical resistance, thermal stability, and fracture resistance, as well as transparent materials that are self-healing and anti-abrasive. The goal is to create lightweight, high-performance materials for ballistic resistant armor and vehicles.
Young adults are the fastest growing group of uninsured, with nearly 14 million lacking health coverage. They face significant health and financial risks, including delayed or foregone medical care due to cost concerns.
The WPI team will use computational modeling, MRI scans, and histological studies to develop a detailed picture of plaque formation and rupture. This research aims to create better diagnostic tools for physicians to assess the risk of arterial plaques and choose effective treatments.
Ames Laboratory researchers have created an AI-powered system that can detect secret files hidden in digital images using steganalysis. The system, utilizing artificial neural networks (ANNs), has been trained on a database of over 10,000 images and achieved high accuracy rates.
A phase II trial of NRP104 demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in ADHD symptoms comparable to mixed amphetamine salts extended-release. The medication was well-tolerated and showed improved behavior, academic productivity, and reduced symptoms in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD.
Infected pet rodents can transmit lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to humans through organ transplants. The virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family, has been linked to severe disease in immuno-suppressed patients.
A study identifies Protein Disulphide Isomerase as a marker for neurodegenerative diseases, while also showing its potential as a therapeutic target. The research reveals that NO attacks PDI via S-nitrosylation, altering its function and leading to nerve cell injury.
A new analysis of ACT trials found that UC patients in clinical remission had significantly higher rates of employment compared to those not in remission. Patients treated with REMICADE experienced a greater percentage of being employed at weeks 30 and 54, with 20.6% vs 8.3% for non-remitted patients.
The US-India collaboration aims to address blindness and low vision, impacting every nation worldwide. The partnership identifies key areas for collaborative research and training, including the Human Ocular Phenome/Genome Evaluation project.
A recent study by Duke University Medical Center and the University of California, San Diego found that a significant minority of college students consume excessive amounts of alcohol, often beyond the binge-drinking threshold. The study suggests that shifting focus towards these heavy drinkers could help reduce harm caused by alcohol ...
Long-acting mixed amphetamine salts (MAS XR) and immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts showed similar efficacy to short- or long-acting methylphenidates. Stimulant medications like amphetamines and methylphenidate are more effective in treating ADHD symptoms, according to the study.
The rhythm method, a natural form of birth control, may be responsible for higher embryo mortality rates than other contraceptive methods. According to Professor Bovens, two to three embryos may die every time the rhythm method results in a pregnancy.
A study of over 845,300 pregnancies found a three-fold higher risk of placenta praevia among mothers who had conceived both naturally and through ART. The increased risk may be directly related to reproductive techniques used, including embryo placement methods.
A neurocognitive study found that mixed amphetamine salts extended release improved divided attention, visuospatial working memory, visual scanning, and mental flexibility in adults with ADHD. Participants who received the medication showed significant improvements in response speed and maintained accuracy when switched to placebo.
A study published by the American Gastroenterological Association found that obesity is linked to a higher risk of liver failure, particularly in patients who need liver transplants or experience severe complications. Obesity can impair liver regeneration, making obese patients more vulnerable to acute liver failure.
Researchers at Ohio State University have genetically modified cassava plants to produce larger, starch-rich roots, which could help alleviate hunger in Africa. The modified plants were found to produce up to 2.6 times larger roots and a third more leaves than regular cassava plants.
A study by Oregon State University found that housing discrimination can occur based on name, with some landlords reacting more negatively to minority-sounding names. The research used a large sample of e-mail inquiries to landlords in Los Angeles and found significant differences in responses received by different names.
A recent study found that low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with lower IQ scores in 10-year-old African-American children, but not Caucasian children. The study suggests that mothers should abstain from drinking during pregnancy to prevent cognitive deficits.
Members of RNAi Global, including Dharmacon and leading research institutes, developed standardized protocols for genome-wide siRNA library experiments. The collaboration aims to accelerate disease and drug research by improving comparability of results between laboratories.
Studies of lab-grown yeast populations show that cooperators can resist cheats due to toxin accumulation, enabling long-term coexistence. Researchers suggest ideal organism type could switch between selfish and efficient metabolism in response to environmental cues.
The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab will design and operate NASA's Radiation Belt Storm Probes, which will study Earth's radiation belts and improve space weather forecasting. The mission aims to predict potentially hazardous space weather effects and better characterize planetary space environments.
A recent study found that women of child-bearing age in the US are still at risk of heavy drinking, with 4% pregnant at the time of the interview. The study also highlights the issue of unplanned pregnancies and the need for information campaigns targeting alcohol consumption among young women.
Researchers have identified four key genes in Porphyromas gingivalis that allow it to infect and survive inside artery cells. The study found that mutating these genes impaired the bacterium's ability to invade cells, providing a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
A recent USF Health study published in Osteoporosis International found that low-carbohydrate diets do not increase bone loss. Patients on the diet lost significant weight without compromising their bone health. The study's lead author notes potential limitations, but emphasizes the benefits of a balanced approach to weight management.
Researchers detected viable bacterial and fungal populations in air samples from a research ship during May-June 2003. DNA analysis revealed matches to dust-borne isolates in Mali, suggesting transatlantic transport of pathogens.
A University of California, Berkeley study found that certain household products emit toxic compounds when used indoors, exceeding regulatory guidelines. The research measured pollutants from cleaning agents and air fresheners under typical indoor use conditions, highlighting the need to address chronic exposure to these substances.
A study found that individuals with alcohol dependence without PTSD exhibit a disconnect between emotional distress and biological stress response to stress tests. They are more likely to relapse during the follow-up period due to this disruption.
The Salk Institute research found that humans have neurons selective for gender based on motion cues, which adjust their selectivity on the fly. This mechanism allows humans to adapt quickly to local gait patterns, reflecting inherent differences in shape and movement.
Research suggests cognitive therapy can effectively relieve IBS symptoms with a four-session patient-administered format requiring minimal therapist contact. The treatment was found to be as effective as the standard 10-week clinic-based program in relieving GI symptoms, and cost-efficient.
Researchers found that listening to music for an hour daily for seven days improved physical and psychological symptoms in people with chronic pain. The study showed a significant reduction in pain, depression, and disability, as well as increased feelings of power over one's condition.
Researchers have discovered a protein complex that regulates axon growth and development in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. The complex, composed of UNC-69 and UNC-76 proteins, plays a crucial role in maintaining normal presynaptic organization and regulating vesicle trafficking.
A new study reveals that living in poverty is associated with a higher risk of being overweight among US teenagers. The research analyzed data from four cross-sectional surveys and found that the disparity in overweight status across socioeconomic strata widened with increasing age, particularly among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years.
A study found that women in low-income food-insecure households are 50% more likely to be obese and gain at least 10 pounds in a year compared to those in fully secure households. Researchers propose modifying food assistance programs and nutrition education to address this issue.