Researchers are developing a new field in disaster mental health training to address the emotional needs of victims, first responders, and others affected by disasters. With funding from the DOH Grant, they have already trained 168 community-based mental health professionals and plan to expand their reach.
Studies conducted by Harvard researchers reveal that prosopagnosia, or 'face-blindness,' may be more common than previously thought, affecting up to 2% of the general public. The condition can lead to social isolation and difficulty recognizing familiar faces, prompting individuals to rely on non-facial traits for recognition.
Researchers found that over 40% of the marshes have been reflooded and native species are recovering, with growth in giant reeds and rare bird sightings reported. However, challenges remain, including water supply issues and potential environmental threats from oil exploration.
A new artificial preservative has increased the storage period of blood platelets to 7 days, reducing the need for frequent transfusions and lowering the risk of adverse reactions. This innovation could have significant global implications for patients in critical need of platelet transfusions.
The study found that soluble forms of amyloid beta are highly toxic, killing neurons in as little as 12 hours, while fibrillar forms render them useless over a period of days. Researchers hope to develop therapies targeting these different forms of amyloid beta.
Researchers compared accuracy of three diagnostic methods for pulmonary embolism, finding chest CT with leg CT scan detects clots in 90% of patients. The study suggests that imaging technologies greatly expand our ability to diagnose and treat disease.
A long-term field experiment shows that ecosystems containing many different plant species are more productive than those containing only one species. This research suggests that a return to biodiversity may be key to meeting energy needs and restoring global ecosystems.
A study by Martyn Goulding and colleagues reveals that the Notch receptor protein determines whether a single progenitor cell produces excitatory or inhibitory neurons. The researchers found that activated Notch promotes excitatory neuron formation, while low levels of Notch lead to inhibitory neuron development.
Researchers found that Nepali rhesus macaques are genetically similar to Indian-origin animals, which could provide a new alternative for HIV/AIDS research. The study suggests that these animals may be representative of Nepali rhesus macaques in general, and their use in research could help address conservation concerns.
Researchers identified risk factors for PAD progression in large blood vessels, with smoking being a powerful predictor, while diabetes was linked to small vessel PAD. Effective preventive measures include smoking cessation, altering cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication.
Researchers found a known Caveolin-1 gene mutation present in 19% of breast cancers fed by estrogen. They also discovered six new mutations associated with estrogen-driven breast cancers. The study suggests that Caveolin-1 mutations may play a role in the development of these cancers.
Scientists discover that higher temperatures near the equator speed up metabolism, fueling genetic changes and leading to speciation. This finding helps explain why more living species exist near the equator.
Research papers in Geophysical Research Letters highlight climate change impacts on Mars, with data from orbiting spacecraft and rovers revealing a hemispheric dichotomy. In the Arctic, sea ice reduction is linked to inflows from the Pacific Ocean, while the Indian Ocean experiences decadal variability in its circulation. Scientists st...
A new study published in Nature confirms that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystems and can be used to produce a sustainable supply of biomass for biofuels. Biodiverse prairie grasslands are 240% more productive than those with single species, offering a promising solution to meet growing energy needs while restoring global ecosystems.
A Virginia Tech student is selected to meet with Nobel laureates to discuss his research on bioremediation using bacteria-mineral interaction. The study aims to understand the fundamental reactions that dictate how bacteria interact with minerals, potentially leading to a safe and cost-effective means of environmental remediation.
Scientists from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program have recovered sediments that indicate prevailing ice conditions during the last 14-16 million years. The study also found evidence of ice in the Arctic Ocean dating back 45 million years, while temperatures rose to subtropical levels 55 million years ago.
Male guppies with rare color patterns have a highly significant survival advantage in the wild, surviving at 84% rate compared to 69% for common-patterned males. This phenomenon is linked to frequency-dependent survival, where rarity confers an advantage over common variants.
A new study finds that same-sex segregation can be beneficial for some students, particularly those who are resilient to stereotypes and able to moderate their behavior. However, it can also create disadvantages for others who struggle with these skills.
Researchers genetically altered mice to resist cocaine's effects, discovering that blocking dopamine transporters is crucial for producing a high. The study aims to find drugs that prevent cocaine from binding to transporters while allowing the transporter protein to function.
Researchers have identified the genes CO and FT responsible for tree flowering and reproduction, which could lead to faster breeding programs and strategies. This breakthrough may also help predict how trees will respond to climate change.
A recent study by Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute found that pregnant women who are not anemic should take iron supplements weekly, rather than daily. This approach reduces the risk of iron overload and birth complications, while still providing benefits for iron supplementation.
Researchers Wako Yoshida and Shin Ishii explored how different cortical regions function in solving partially observable decision-making problems. They found that the anterior prefrontal cortex is involved in belief maintenance, while the medial prefrontal cortex is involved in belief back-track processes.
A new study found that calorie restriction decreases tumor necrosis factor alpha and lowers T3 levels in humans, suggesting it may slow the aging process. The researchers also found no association between body fat levels and serum T3 concentrations.
The European Society of Cardiology has released updated guidelines for managing stable angina pectoris, providing recommendations on treatment methods and risk stratification. The guidelines aim to improve the quality of life for European populations affected by cardiovascular disease.
Researchers identified three brain regions - dorsal anterior cingulate and left and right frontal operculum - as core components in creating task sets. These regions help determine which brain areas contribute to a cognitive task and when they play a part, according to the study published in Neuron.
Research suggests that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with better mental performance and reduced risk of dementia in older women. Women who reported drinking up to two or three drinks per day performed better on measures of global cognitive function, particularly in verbal skills.
A new study offers insights into the role of the hippocampus in forming and recalling memories, particularly for working memory. The researchers found that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in connecting related pieces of information, but not necessarily in long-term memory.
A new study shows that the quality of an embryo is more important than the age of a woman in determining IVF success. In older women aged 36-39, single embryo transfer (eSET) was found to have similar pregnancy and live birth rates as double embryo transfer.
A new study explores how people make medical decisions, revealing that stepping into others' shoes can lead to better choices. By considering multiple perspectives, including those of doctors, parents, and medical directors, participants made treatment decisions that were more informed than their own self-interest would suggest.
A new mechanism explains how glucose inhibits neurons that regulate wakefulness, revealing a role for previously unknown potassium ion channels. Glucose levels affect the firing rate of these neurons, shedding light on cellular pathways regulating vigilance states and energy balance.
Scientists discovered ancient plant life in core samples from the Arctic Ocean, revealing that sea surface temperatures reached 23°C during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, a period similar to current global warming. The findings suggest that carbon dioxide levels played a crucial role in past and present climate changes.
Researchers propose that Enceladus' reorientation could be caused by a low-density blob beneath its surface, leading to a hot spot at the pole and explaining the moon's striking surface features. The study suggests testable predictions for future observations of Enceladus.
Abnormal rhythms were found to occur 27% of the time during cardiac arrests in children, with initial shockable rhythms having better outcomes than those developing later. Prompt defibrillator shocks improved survival rates, but subsequent VF had poor outcomes due to underlying heart disease or late diagnosis.
A new survey at UCSD reveals that sectarianism in conservative religious groups holds back coalition formation on the right. The study found that members of these groups who favor a larger role for religious leaders in politics are less sectarian, bringing good news for supporters of the religious right.
A recent study by János Kornai examines the changes in Central Eastern Europe, confirming a unique transformation that took place peacefully and rapidly. However, everyday life has seen deep economic troubles and cognitive problems, leading to pain, bitterness, and disappointment for many.
A study by the University of Alberta and international partners reveals that past changes in solar radiation have already affected tropical glaciers. Future climate change poses a significant threat to water resources in these regions, as high-altitude glaciers continue to melt rapidly.
New evidence from a 430-meter sediment core reveals glaciers in the Arctic Ocean formed simultaneously with those in Antarctica, rewriting climate history. The discovery underscores the role of greenhouse gases in driving global climate change.
A nationwide survey shows a significant gap in understanding of type 2 diabetes management, with patients feeling knowledgeable about their condition but not following treatment regimens as prescribed. The Diabetes Roundtable advocates for a team-centered approach involving patients, physicians, and educators to improve care outcomes.
Researchers found that barium copper silicate transforms from a nonmagnetic, disordered insulator to a magnetic, ordered condensate under extreme cold and high magnetic fields. The material loses dimensionality at the quantum critical point, with electron spins interacting only in two dimensions.
Researchers mapped subsidence in New Orleans using satellite radar imagery, revealing areas where land is sinking at alarming rates. The study highlights the need for revised reconstruction plans and more durable levees to address the growing threat of flooding.
A study by the American Academy of Periodontology reveals that chronic stress, depression, and elevated cortisol levels are potential risk indicators for periodontal disease in adults aged 50 and older. Short-term psychological stress was linked to elevated plaque levels, while long-term physical stress was associated with gingivitis.
Researchers developed an ultrasonic metamaterial that captures sound wave's fine details and expands instead of compresses like natural materials. This allows for higher modulation of the acoustic wave, enabling better ultrasound image resolution.
A recent study identified 64 genetic variants associated with lung cancer development, including changes in proteins expressed by the genes. These findings suggest that a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors contributes to lung cancer susceptibility, while tobacco smoke remains the leading risk factor.
Researchers will explore ways to harness the body's natural healing process to heal deep wounds, including bone, muscle, nerves, and soft tissues. The goal is to develop regeneration of tissue in humans, inspired by the salamander's ability to fully restore lost tissue.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed a new approach that tracks helium gas molecules in lungs to detect micro-structural changes in smokers. The technique has shown promise in identifying structural changes in asymptomatic smokers and may help screen for genetic predispositions to conditions like emphysema.
A novel therapeutic approach has been discovered by the University of Manchester team, using a DNA-binding protein to stimulate genes and promote nerve growth. The preclinical results have been encouraging, with initial-stage clinical trials in the US showing promising progress in managing diabetic neuropathy.
The Iraqi marshes have made notable strides in recovery since the Hussein regime devastated them in the 1980s and 1990s. Reflooding efforts led by local farmers have restored approximately 39% of the former extent, with many areas showing good water quality and rapid restoration of wetland functions.
Scientists at Emory University Health Sciences Center have identified the protein HAP1 as crucial for neuronal function and trafficking. The discovery may lead to new treatments for Huntington's disease by understanding how mutant huntingtin affects cellular transport. Research has implications for other neurodegenerative disorders.
A recent study found that patients with genital HSV-2 infection who knew they had the virus and informed their partners were about half as likely to transmit the virus. The study suggests testing and disclosure as effective tools to prevent HSV-2 transmission, along with suppressive antiviral therapy and condom use.
A UCLA/VA study found that many eligible VA patients with abnormal FOBT results did not receive follow-up diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies or barium enemas. The study identified factors contributing to lack of follow-up, including lack of primary care visits and delayed referrals.
Researchers found that Ritalin increases norepinephrine and suppresses sensory responses in the brain, allowing individuals to focus better. The study provides insights into how the drug produces its paradoxical effects and may lead to more effective treatments for ADHD.
A team of UCI researchers, led by Ken Muneoka, will focus on harnessing the body's natural healing process to heal deep wounds involving bone, muscle, nerves and other soft tissues. The goal is to recreate a regeneration process in mouse models that could lead to breakthroughs in wound healing and limb regeneration.
Researchers developed a new MRI technique using hyperpolarized helium to detect early signs of emphysema in asymptomatic smokers. The technology shows promise for early disease detection, surgical planning, and monitoring patient response to treatments without radiation exposure.
A study of 75 IBS patients showed significant improvements in physical and emotional symptoms, with a 30% increase in emotional quality of life and a 25% improvement in energy levels. Hypnotherapy also led to reductions in abdominal pain and bloating.
Tramiprosate (Alzhemed) shows promising results by binding to soluble Aβ peptide, reducing cell death and plasma Aβ levels. The compound also demonstrates low toxicity while crossing the blood-brain-barrier.
Using MR spectroscopy improves the detection of malignant breast lesions, reducing the need for biopsy procedures. The technology helps identify tumors with elevated choline compounds, which are a marker of an active tumor, and eliminates the need for biopsies to determine their composition.
Azim Karim and Hassan Khalil, two University of Houston graduates, received prestigious national fellowships. Azim's $20,000 Merage fellowship will support his goal to become a medical doctor specializing in cardiovascular sciences.
A new study reveals that Korean-American smokers often prioritize social benefits over health risks, making it difficult for them to quit. The study suggests that culturally tailored programs are necessary to address these issues, taking into account language, intent, and social dynamics within the Asian American community.
A University of Minnesota study found that directed health education and advice-oriented counseling can help African American light smokers quit. The study showed that participants who received specific health education had double the quit rate compared to those receiving motivational counseling.
Researchers have discovered a zinc finger protein that can be inhibited when exposed to a platinum complex, offering new hope for the development of targeted HIV and cancer therapies. This breakthrough could lead to more specific and effective treatments with reduced side effects.