Researchers discovered that bacteria can export molecules similar to communication signals, blocking the effectiveness of drugs. This process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to evade treatment and develop resistance to multiple drugs, making infections harder to treat.
Researchers at University of Illinois create transistor laser that combines functionality of transistor and laser, enabling new signal mixing and switching capabilities. The device shows promise for replacing wiring with optical interconnects in electronic-photonic integrated circuits.
The European Union's ban on lead in electronic appliances has led to the widespread adoption of Ames Laboratory's lead-free solder, which was patented in 1996. The solder blend of tin-silver-copper alloy offers a lower melting temperature and greater strength than other alternatives.
A study by Dr. Elizabeth Vandewater and colleagues found that increased TV time negatively affects children's interaction with parents, siblings, and creative play. Children under two should not watch TV, while older kids should limit daily viewing to two hours.
The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise + Nutrition (PACE+) intervention improved diet and physical activity habits among teens. After one year, adolescents in the PACE+ program reduced their sedentary behaviors by one hour per day and increased their number of active days.
A study by Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care found that older adults are more easily distracted due to gradual brain changes beginning in middle age. The researchers used fMRI to scan the brains of three age groups, including young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults, revealing a seesaw imbalance in frontal lobe areas.
A study found that HIV subtype D is associated with a higher risk of early death from AIDS compared to subtype A. The researchers analyzed data from over 300 newly infected individuals in Uganda and found that those infected with subtype D had a significantly shorter average survival time.
Researchers discovered a new brain hormone GnIH that directly inhibits the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), stimulating the reproductive system. This finding suggests that GnIH plays a similar role in humans and other mammals, offering potential new treatments for infertility and precocious puberty.
A study by Dr. Harris has shown promising results for the SAFE System, a hair replacement surgery that reduces trauma and increases accessibility for African-American and elderly patients. The procedure also boasts virtually pain-free surgery, faster recovery time, and increased efficiency for physicians.
Scientists report a rapid spread of the deadly fungus chytridiomycosis across Central America, leading to widespread amphibian extinctions. The fungus has been linked to declines of over 40 species in Central America and 93 worldwide, with a recent outbreak causing local extinctions in Panama.
Scientists Jun-Yi Leu and Andrew Murray evolved yeast populations in the lab to study early stages of speciation. After 36 generations, the evolving population became five times more likely to mate with other evolved cells, suggesting genetic mutations altered mating timing and promoted reproductive isolation.
A recent study found that long-term poverty is associated with increased antisocial behavior in children, which can last a lifetime. However, the opposite effect is observed for depression, where childhood poverty leads to decreased symptoms as income levels improve.
High-resolution images of ice crystals provide detailed information about ice clouds, including particle size and shape, which influence the longevity of the cloud. The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment, led by the ARM Program, combines aircraft and surface data to better understand cirrus structure in the tropics.
Researchers found that academic medical centers have varying approaches to disclosing conflicts of interest to potential research participants. While some institutions focus on avoiding legal liability, others aim to provide more detailed information about the nature and implications of financial relationships.
A team of scientists found that individual neurons in the auditory cortex respond more strongly to stimuli conforming to the 1/f rule than to others. This selective sensitivity leads to a more accurate representation of natural sounds within the brain.
A study found that patients with depression had more tangles and plaques in the hippocampus, leading to a faster decline into dementia. Depression at diagnosis also predicted a greater rate of cognitive decline.
Dr. Liu has discovered a mechanism underlying immune system modulation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and will optimize therapy using NKT cells. The Muscular Dystrophy Association fellowship award supports her three-year research project.
Research found that some masks used in combination with pressurized metered-dose inhalers for children's asthma treatment have poor fit and high dead space volume, reducing medication effectiveness. The study suggests that better-fitting masks are crucial for effective drug delivery.
Scientists discovered that Antarctic krill 'parachute' several times during the night, injecting more carbon into the deep sea than previously understood. Krill feed on phytoplankton at night and excrete waste at depth, making them a key player in removing carbon from the atmosphere.
The new book provides comprehensive information on lemurs, including detailed photos and illustrations, to help identify the 71 species found in Madagascar. Conservation International's updated guide highlights the critical need to protect lemurs due to deforestation and habitat destruction.
Researchers analyzed over 15,000 Union veterans' records, finding a strong link between war experiences and increased signs of cardiac, gastrointestinal, and nervous disease. Youngest soldiers who witnessed the bloodiest combat had shorter life spans, despite surviving the war.
A survey of primary care physicians found that only 23% used effective urine sample collection methods, while 40% were unsure about poppy seeds causing positive opioid test results. Misinterpretation of false-positive findings can lead to false accusations and diminished trust among parents, schools, and counselors.
Researchers discovered a gut protein called FXR that protects the small intestine from bacterial invasion by binding to bile acids. This finding provides hope for treating conditions of the small intestine, such as sepsis and intestinal damage.
A study of 120 babies found that antidepressant use during pregnancy was associated with a 30% risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Infants exposed to SSRIs exhibited common symptoms such as tremor, gastrointestinal problems, and sleep disturbances.
This study analyzed Civil War data on 15,027 soldiers, finding strong relations between traumatic exposure, comorbid disease, mental health ailments, and early death. Younger soldiers were more likely to show signs of physical and mental disorders, as well as cardiovascular disease alone.
Researchers at UF identified neural crest cells as the source of sharks' electrical ESP, a previously unknown function. This discovery fortifies the idea that early ancestors may have had the ability to detect electric fields.
A study by Dartmouth researchers found significant brain changes after age 18, indicating that human maturity may set in later than traditionally thought. The study tracked brain development in college freshmen and compared them to older students.
High Energy Density Physics is a new journal launched by Elsevier to publish research on extreme conditions, including planetary interiors and astrophysical phenomena. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists to study material properties and hydrodynamics under high-energy density regimes.
Researchers found that deaf Nicaraguan boys developed complex grammatical components and used them in the same way as highly evolved languages. This suggests that the concept of 'subject' is an innate tendency in humans, existing before linguistic input or exposure to other language speakers.
A study found that Alzheimer's patients with a history of depression have more rapid cognitive decline and greater brain changes, including tangles and plaques in the hippocampus. The findings suggest that identifying potential mechanisms linking geriatric depression to AD may lead to new treatment strategies.
A recent study found that babies breastfed for six months have a significant reduction in respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia and ear infections. The study's lead author says the findings support the recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for six months, which also provides protection against gastrointestinal infections.
Researchers used a fruit-fly model of Alzheimer's disease to examine the relationship between cell-division proteins and neurodegeneration. They found that abnormal expression of these proteins accompanied neuronal death in their fly model, which was prevented by blocking the cell cycle or feeding anticancer drugs.
Chronic periodontitis and certain bacteria are linked to preeclampsia in pregnant women. Periodontal infection may increase the risk of preterm birth due to its association with cardiovascular disease. The study's findings suggest that pregnancy-associated gingivitis is preventable and easy to treat.
A new study found that effective methadone doses vary widely among patients, with some achieving abstinence on as little as 1.5 mg and others requiring up to 191.2 mg. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or a history of previous detoxifications from heroin tend to require higher doses.
The Bank of America Charitable Foundation grant enables the Mailman School of Public Health's Northern Manhattan Start Right Coalition to scale up its community-based childhood immunization program. The program has seen a significant improvement in immunization rates, with an 80.5% current rate for children aged 19-35 months, exceeding...
A new study has found that high blood pressure and kidney disease increase the risk for heart disease and stroke in older Americans. Patients with moderate chronic kidney disease had a 38% greater chance of developing heart disease than those with normal kidney function.
The March of Dimes has awarded $2.4 million in grants to six innovative scientists working on new ways to identify women at increased risk for premature birth and understand the role of inflammation and progesterone in triggering labor. The goal is to prevent premature births, which are the leading cause of newborn death in the US.
A Rutgers University study found that college students experience average weight gain of seven pounds during their first year, primarily resulting from consuming excess calories. The researchers recommend adopting a balanced diet and increasing exercise to prevent weight gain and associated health risks.
Tropical regions are facing growing fire hazards, leading to more severe impacts on local ecosystems. The study found that repeated fires are causing cumulative stress to sensitive species.
Researchers propose using over 8,000 barges to pump saltwater onto ice sheets in the North Atlantic, creating a thicker sea ice layer that could help strengthen the down-welling current. This method aims to reduce the impact of global warming on northern Europe's climate.
Researchers assessed 263 children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders, finding that symptoms were longer-lasting and more variable in youth than adults. The study also revealed faster cycling between symptomatic periods and a higher likelihood of diagnosis changes over time.
Men are more likely to drive themselves to hospital during a heart attack, taking an average of 2.8 hours compared to 14 hours for women. Women often wait longer for treatment and face higher risks from complications.
A new clinical prediction rule for estimating the probability of PE significantly reduces adverse outcomes by identifying patients at low or high risk. The revised Geneva score provides a standardized, easy-to-compute tool for diagnosing and managing PE.
Research by Professor John Clarke found that public service users and providers view services as distinct from market-based transactions, prioritizing personal relationships over choice. Users seek skilled, trustworthy staff and reliable assistance during critical life events.
A new study has identified a potential early warning system for Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. After 4-5 years of follow-up, researchers found that 42% of patients developed Alzheimer's disease and 15% developed other types of dementia.
A new screening method, qMRSA, was tested on 1,053 patients in Geneva University Hospital. The study found that qMRSA significantly reduced the time to get MRSA test results from 87 hours to 21 hours, and isolated infected patients immediately after detection, which substantially decreased MRSA infections in the medical ICU.
Researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute have identified a crucial protein domain in telomerase, an enzyme that contributes to cancer growth. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanism of cancer development and may lead to the development of targeted therapies.
Research finds that women's heart disease has distinct characteristics, including cellular and microvascular dysfunction. The study highlights the importance of considering gender-specific risk factors and diagnostic tools to improve detection and treatment.
Researchers created a simplified version of cardiac tissue using cells from neonatal rats, mimicking normal heart tissue. The study found that pace-setting pulses successfully halted the abnormal rhythm 80% of the time, but in 20% of cases, it worsened the condition.
A Pitt professor proposes using an ecological management system to evaluate nature's economic value, bridging economics and ecology. The approach considers ecosystem services like storm damage reduction and wetland maintenance, highlighting the gap between market and social values.
Researchers at Yale University have developed a novel proteomic analysis method to diagnose and monitor preeclampsia. The study identified specific fragments of albumin and serpina-1 as characteristic biomarkers for the condition.
Researchers develop a new system called WOW, which uses microscopic droplets to perform millions of tests at once, allowing for faster identification of genes and proteins. The system can identify the best enzyme from a pool of mutated enzymes in just one afternoon, compared to several months with traditional methods.
A recent study suggests that lung cancer survival rates may be tied to access to standard cancer care, rather than racial disparities. Researchers analyzed data from 995 patients with advanced small cell lung cancer and found that equal treatment yielded the same outcomes for black and non-black patients, regardless of stage or ethnicity.
A study by University of Rochester Medical Center researchers found no evidence of strictly memory problems in middle-aged women, but a correlation between forgetfulness and learning difficulties. The team suggests that stress, anxiety, and mood distress may contribute to perceived memory issues.
The ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmics conference aims to improve research and clinical care in areas of ophthalmology related to preventable vision loss and blindness. The meeting will explore topics such as angiogenesis, neovascularization, and vasoproliferation.
A Purdue University study identified a gene that helps plants recognize and defend against certain pathogens, but also allows other pathogens to invade. The gene, BIK1, produces a protein that regulates a plant defense hormone called salicylic acid.
Engineers have developed a simpler and safer material that can separate hydrogen from impurities more efficiently than existing methods. The new material, similar to membranes in biomedical devices, has applications for isolating hydrogen and natural gas.
A new study by University of Washington researchers found that more than one in 20 executable files contain piggybacked spyware, with game and celebrity sites posing the greatest risk. Drive-by download attacks also frequent pirated software sites. The density of spyware decreased from spring to fall last year but remained substantial.
Astronomers detect a vast hot halo extending over 60,000 light years around the massive spiral galaxy NGC 5746. This discovery resolves a long-standing issue in galaxy formation theory, suggesting that large spiral galaxies should be immersed in halos of hot gas left over from the galaxy formation process.
A recent study published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine found that nearly 10 million more adults have high LDL-C (