Research suggests that obesity is linked to accelerated type I diabetes onset in patients with severely compromised pancreatic beta-cell function. Low birth weight also appears to be a contributing factor, with advanced age at diagnosis observed as birth weight decreased.
The gift will support a scholarship fund and establish an endowment for a new professorship in obesity-related research, with the goal of addressing childhood obesity in urban poor and minority communities. The initiative will also test innovative after-school programs like HSPH's Planet Health curriculum.
A study found that only 25% of high-risk black men aged 60-69 are screened for prostate cancer, compared to 81% of white men. This disparity highlights a need for increased awareness and targeted screening efforts among black males with positive family histories.
Researchers create new method to analyze data from experiments in cracking, gaining deeper understanding of the process. The team's approach enables prediction of how cracks will advance in different materials under various stresses.
Research by Saint Louis University finds that SIDS strikes premature babies six weeks later than full-term infants. Doctors emphasize the need for SIDS prevention counseling beyond four months for preterm infants.
Researchers have discovered four genes in tuberculosis bacteria that enable it to capture iron from the environment, a crucial step in its survival. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs by targeting these genes.
Researchers found that diabetic patients' heart muscle uses about half as much glucose and four times more fat for energy than non-diabetics. This increased reliance on fat can lead to inflammation, cell death, and heart dysfunction.
The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program investigates the extent and causes of coastal impacts of hurricanes and extreme storms on U.S. coasts. NASA technology provides rapid assessment of coastal conditions, supporting USGS research programs and emergency response agencies.
Cedars-Sinai researchers discovered a biochemical pathway that makes gliomas and other cancer cells more sensitive to TRAIL, a protein inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. By combining TRAIL with pioglitazone, a diabetes drug, they aim to enhance the effectiveness of therapies targeting cancer cells.
Researchers have created the first silicon transistors powered by single electrons, opening up potential applications in low-power nanoelectronics and next-generation integrated circuits. The devices feature tunable barriers that allow for finer control over electron flow, enabling flexible on/off switching.
A new proteomic profiling test can detect preterm birth risk in 20-30 minutes, predicting delivery times of four days or less. The test uses fresh amniotic fluid samples and is faster than current methods.
The new standard offers greater uniformity in design, operation and arrangement of fire panels, as well as equipment specifications concerning wireless and remote applications. The standardization effort aims to make real-time information clearly and quickly available for processing, planning and response.
A UK researcher found that VEGF promotes angiogenesis in macular degeneration, but also has an anti-angiogenic effect via SPARC. Controlling SPARC levels may be key to controlling angiogenesis in diseases like cancer. This discovery opens new avenues for treating diseases related to angiogenesis.
Researchers found that combining pesticides disrupts frog development, causing delayed maturation, retarded growth, and increased susceptibility to infections. The study suggests that the interaction between pesticides and environmental factors may be a major contributor to amphibian decline.
Researchers believe that understanding the structure of DNA end caps, called telomeres, can help develop new cancer treatments. They found that the rate of shortening is influenced by the length of the overhang and hope to manipulate it for therapeutic purposes.
Researchers at Ohio State University identified seven partner proteins that interact with estrogen to activate or suppress genes in breast cancer cells. The study suggests that c-MYC is one of these activating partner proteins, which could lead to new drug targets and improved treatment options for hormone-resistant tumors.
A new MIT sensor system tracks enormous fish populations over a vast area, revealing the first-ever images of these groups. Researchers observed fractal patterns and 'waves' of population density, potentially indicating communication among fish.
Scientists at NIST have created polymer nanotubes that are unusually long and stable, with potential applications in biotechnology. The team developed processes to extend the shelf life of these nanotubes, enabling their use as channels for tiny volumes of chemicals or as ultra-small hypodermic needles.
Researchers found that post-lactation involution matrix promotes breast tumor cell migration and metastasis, even when compared to virgin matrix. The study suggests changes in the breast environment during pregnancy may contribute to poor breast cancer outcomes.
A novel autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) has photographed the ancient Greek shipwreck on the ocean floor, revealing detailed images of cargo remnants. The project marks a significant milestone in underwater archaeology, using advanced technology to survey and map shipwrecks with unprecedented accuracy.
Researchers found that HCV RNA levels decrease rapidly during and after transplantation, then increase within days. The study suggests the liver is the primary site of viral replication, with a non-hepatic source contributing to some viral production.
Researchers found SCA5 mutations in 90% of Lincoln's descendants, suggesting the past president may have had a neurological disorder. The discovery provides insight into molecular mechanisms common to SCA5 and other neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study by Michigan Medicine researchers demonstrates that a minimally-invasive procedure called endovascular thoracic aortic repair (ETAR) can successfully treat many patients with upper aorta problems, offering an alternative to open-chest surgery. The procedure uses stent-grafts inserted through small incisions in the leg or belly.
A large UK radiology department produces 150,000 to 300,000 reports annually. Radiologists can identify clinically important reports and enhance patient care through effective communication of critical radiology reports. Delayed or ineffective reporting often leads to bad outcomes for patients and costly lawsuits for radiologists.
A recent study published in Chemical Senses found that the sense of smell is dependent on body position. Researchers at McGill University exposed participants to different concentrations of rose odor while sitting or lying down and discovered a significant decrease in sensitivity to smell when in a supine position.
Researchers found evidence of increased clay mineral deposition in the oceans during a 200 million year period, which preceded the first animal fossils about 600 million years ago. The study suggests that an increase in oxygen concentration in the atmosphere was necessary for animal life to arise.
A recent study by Dr. Jim Jansen found that five popular search engines return nearly identical results in terms of effectiveness, with little benefit for occasional online shoppers. Niche e-commerce search engines may provide a slight increase in relevant results for frequent online consumers.
The Generation Scotland project is a multi-million pound initiative that will follow the health of 50,000 Scots family members over the next generation. The study aims to explore the causes of common diseases and identify those at high risk of developing genetic conditions.
Researchers found a significant decline in HIV prevalence in some groups, with a 49% drop for women aged 15-24 and a 23% drop for men aged 17-29. Behavioral changes, including delayed sex and fewer casual partners, are believed to be the main reason for this decline.
A seminar review by Emory University School of Medicine experts highlights the importance of physicians' ability to recognize smallpox. The disease's clinical features must be distinguished from other illnesses, such as chickenpox, to prevent misdiagnosis and effective response.
Researchers have developed a new test that can predict fetal complications from intrauterine inflammation/infection, providing faster results and higher accuracy than traditional methods. The test uses proteomic profiling of amniotic fluid to identify biomarkers of inflammation, allowing for early intervention and potentially reducing ...
Researchers found that early lunch periods lead to higher a la carte sales, which often feature lower-nutritional-value foods. Soft drink machines also contribute to vending machine proliferation, decreasing hot lunch participation. Parents' involvement in prohibiting fast food in cafeterias increases school meal program participation.
A CDC study found alarmingly high adamantane resistance rates of 92% among influenza A viruses isolated from patients in the US. Rapid surveillance is critical to prevent resistant viruses from spreading, especially in vulnerable populations like nursing homes.
Pooled data from 14 randomized trials reveals a 55% relative reduction in thromboembolic events, 39% reduction in all-cause mortality, and 35% reduction in major hemorrhage with self-monitoring. Patients who can self-manage also show improved outcomes.
Researchers found that the hippocampus processes contextual memories, while the anterior cingulate cortex handles unpleasant stimuli. The amygdala consolidates both contextual and unpleasant information, suggesting a fragmented processing of memories.
The new superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) enhance quantum key distribution by detecting single photons with higher efficiency and lower dark count rates than traditional avalanche photodiodes. This allows for increased distances for secure data transmission over optical fibers.
Researchers discover that crystal clusters in fossil bones can preserve ancient DNA, which is better preserved and contains longer fragments than untreated ground bone. This method holds promise for yielding more authentic results in the analysis of ancient DNA.
A study of 702 pregnant women found that lung function worsened in mothers with either male or female fetuses until about 30 weeks, after which improvement was noted. Mothers carrying males had better lung function throughout pregnancy by 10 percent.
COX-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs can provide pain relief for patients with dormant inflammatory bowel disease without increasing the risk of flare-ups. Studies show that these medications are tolerated well by IBD patients, despite minimal risks, and can be a safe option for pain management.
A new rubbery membrane material can efficiently purify hydrogen for fuel cells, potentially lowering costs for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. The material's superior gas-separating ability could also replace an expensive step in current petrochemical processing.
A new method for targeted gene disruption has been developed for the filamentous fungus A. brassicicola, allowing for high-throughput identification of genes and their functions. This breakthrough enables researchers to dissect the pathogen's genome and establish the function of individual genes in disease development.
Olfactory sensory neurons expressing the MOR23 odor receptor responded differently to lyral concentrations and reaction times varied between 500 milliseconds and five seconds. The study adds a new layer to understanding the olfactory system's response to odors, suggesting finer-tuned responses in the brain.
A new public information campaign is launched to educate patients and doctors about the benefits of diuretics in controlling hypertension. The campaign aims to reduce serious illnesses such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure by promoting lifestyle changes and diuretic use.
A nationwide study of vaccinating school children against influenza could reduce community transmission and improve vaccine production. The authors suggest a collaboration between academia, government, and industry to conduct such a study.
Scientists studied mice lacking POMC gene to understand obesity and fat distribution. The research shows that cortisol levels are not the sole factor, but rather part of a chain of hormonal signals associated with obesity. Glucocorticoids were found to accelerate weight gain and diabetes in treated mice.
UCLA researcher Dr. Andre Nel has developed a new testing method to evaluate the safety and health risks of engineered nanomaterials. The approach uses existing toxicity testing frameworks to predict potential hazards, enabling the classification of materials as safe or toxic.
New measurements at the University of Illinois have resolved a research controversy on myosin VI's function. The study shows that full-length myosin VI can form dimer pairs, walk processively on actin, and transport molecules.
Duke University biologists evolved a complex polyphenic trait in tobacco hornworms by applying temperature shocks to create two distinct strains with different color responses. The researchers discovered that the level of juvenile hormone regulated the color change, and their experiments demonstrated genetic accommodation.
Scientists at NIST have developed an improved LIDAR system using a frequency comb to measure distance and vibration with high precision. The system resolves common problems with signal noise and dispersion, enabling accurate measurements of up to 1 kilometer away.
A new biosensor developed by GeneFluidics enables accurate identification of bacteria in urine samples with a rapid turnaround time, reducing the two-day wait period for conventional lab tests. This innovation has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs associated with urinary tract infections.
Journal of Clinical Densitometry will be published by Elsevier, offering print and electronic publishing services. Members of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry will continue to receive the print edition, and online access will be available through a dedicated website.
A state-wide report reveals that nearly two-thirds of Kansas respondents had medical debt, affecting all racial and ethnic groups. People drew on savings, borrowed from friends, or took out loans to pay off their bills, despite struggling to meet the financial burden.
A $5.4 million grant will fund research on the epidemiological and immunological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia. The study aims to develop effective treatments for children, who comprise a high percentage of cases and have a poor response to current therapies.
Researchers have found that the number of senescent cells increases exponentially with age, with TIF-positive cells making up about 4% of connective tissue in young monkeys and 20% in older ones. The study confirms the importance of telomeres in aging and suggests a strong link between aging cells and body.
The study provides key insights into the composition of comets, with three pockets of thin ice detected on Tempel 1. The surface ice appears to have been exposed over time through geologically active jets, revealing an abundance of organic matter and water.
PET imaging has shown to be a valuable tool in improving cancer care management by accurately assessing treatment outcomes and monitoring tumor response. Studies have demonstrated that PET can detect residual scar tissue rather than viable tumor, leading to changes in how PET is used in cancer care.
The article discusses Nicol's model of krill's life history, which separates the species into different stages and explains how it drives its evolution. The study reveals that this life cycle keeps adult krill separate from younger stages, reducing competition for food and minimizing predation on juveniles.
To meet the 48-hour access target, sexual health clinics would need to triple their capacity, highlighting a capacity/demand mismatch. The current system cannot address this issue, emphasizing the urgent need for additional providers.
Researchers developed a method to analyze molecular markers in breast cancer cells using flow cytometry, enabling rapid prognosis and treatment decision-making. This technology holds promise for various solid tumors, including colon, ovarian, prostate, and gastric cancers.
New research suggests that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in recognizing familiar and recalling specific details, contradicting recent findings. The study used six memory-impaired patients with localized hippocampal damage to test verbal recognition memory, finding that recognition accuracy was identical between groups.