Articles tagged with Psychological Assessment
Experts say pre-participation screening should be abandoned due to the lack of evidence confirming it saves lives. The harms of overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and false positives far outweigh any potential benefits in preventing sudden cardiac arrest among young athletes.
Researchers found that male batterers show greater activation in anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, and smaller reaction in superior prefrontal cortex in response to intimate partner violence images. This study may have important implications for understanding violence against women and recidivism in batterers.
A new study finds that natural resilience may not be as common as thought, and when confronted with a major life-altering event, many people can struggle considerably. The study's findings go against previous claims that resilience is the typical response to major life stressors.
Researchers at the University of Zurich developed a revised Sense of Coherence Scale to improve mental resilience assessments. The new questionnaire yields more accurate and objective results, revealing that individuals with greater resilience suffer less from depression and bereavement pain.
A cross-sectional survey found that detailed clinician communication can alleviate patient distress associated with incidental pulmonary nodules. Patients who received accurate information about their nodule size and diagnosis had a more reassuring experience, reducing anxiety and improving overall well-being.
A study by UCSB psychologists found that challenging a person's belief in free will corrupts intuitive cooperation and leads to impulsive selfishness, but allows for recovery with time. Participants who were asked about their agreement with the statement 'I have free will' showed significant differences in their level of cooperation.
A recent study from Washington University in St. Louis confirms that about 71% of Americans are fairly certain Alexander Hamilton was a U.S. president. The study found that people's confidence in Hamilton's presidency is high, higher than for six actual presidents.
A cross-sectional survey of 14,587 patients found that 86% had a preference for at least one aspect of their psychological treatment, with time of day and location being the most popular. Patients who had unmet preferences were less likely to report being helped by the treatment.
A study by the University of Exeter has found that the children of migrants tend to think and reason like the wider UK population. This shift occurs despite retaining cultural similarities with their parents. The research suggests that communities can integrate over a single generation, contrary to common assumptions.
A recent study by Colorado State University's Silvia Sara Canetto highlights the link between cultural scripts of masculinity and aging with increased suicide risk among white, older men. These men are less likely to experience widowhood, have better physical health, and more economic resources compared to other demographics.
A Cornell study found that price affects how customers evaluate pizza by focusing on the first slice's taste. When paying $8, diners prioritize the initial impression over the last bite.
Researchers found that prediction markets correctly predicted replicability in 71% of cases studied, highlighting the need for timely methods to identify reproducibility challenges. The study used a pool of psychologists as traders and provided them with $100 to invest in 'reproducible' or 'not-reproducible' shares.
A recent study by Professor John Turri and Wesley Buckwalter found that people attribute moral obligations to those unable to fulfill them, regardless of ability. In experiments, participants judged a lifeguard obligated to save both drowning swimmers despite physical limitations.
The new system monitors five substances, including glucose and lactate, and can detect up to 40 molecules in real time. This reduces the need for invasive monitoring devices, providing a practical advantage for medical staff and loved ones.
A study of young women in China found lower self-esteem and self-efficacy before surgery, but significant increases six months later. The research suggests that preoperative psychological intervention may be necessary to address these issues.
Research found that people who experience cultural disfluency, such as encountering wrong holiday plates or non-traditional wedding photos, perform better on cognitive reasoning tests and are less likely to engage in mindless consumption. This shift to systematic thinking reduces stress levels and increases brainpower.
A study by UCSB and NASA reveals that humans are inherently bad at watching computers work, with distractions and daydreaming leading to failures in practical monitoring tasks. Pilots missed 25% of altitude crossings despite high levels of cockpit automation, highlighting the challenges of task monitoring.
A study by Tohoku University found that depressive symptoms are higher in coastal areas than inland areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Four percent of participants experienced considerable posttraumatic stress reaction (PTSR). Psychologists have provided support to over 600 residents with psychological problems.
A study found playing Tetris for three minutes reduced cravings for drugs, food, and activities like sex and sleeping by approximately one fifth. The benefits were maintained over a seven-day period.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, and mental health professionals, hold implicit biases towards lesbian women and gay men. The study used the Sexuality Implicit Association Test to assess attitudes towards sexual orientation among over 200,000 p...
A new study published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology finds that white Americans who acknowledge their biases are more effective at addressing contemporary racial challenges. The research suggests that personal awareness and acceptance are key factors in developing 'concerned awareness' of racial bias.
A psychological evaluation of nine women who received a uterus from live donors indicates they adjusted psychologically well to their new life situation during the first year. Three of the seven remaining women have delivered healthy babies, with most reporting improved relationships with their donor and increased hope for a family.
New research suggests that feeling inauthentic can lead to psychological consequences similar to immoral behaviors, including feelings of moral distress and impurity. Inauthentic individuals were more likely to engage in cleansing-related behaviors, such as using hand sanitizer or washing their hands.
Depressed individuals perceive time as moving slowly, yet they accurately assess specific intervals like two seconds or minutes. A meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 433 depressed subjects and 485 non-depressed controls confirms this finding.
A Yale University study found that people with high climate science literacy are actually more politically polarized on the issue. Despite recognizing the causes and consequences of climate change, those who score highest on a test measuring scientific evidence are more likely to hold extreme views.
A new study by Prof. Ruth Defrin and colleagues found that acute psychosocial stress significantly decreases pain inhibition capabilities while increasing pain intensification in healthy young male adults. The researchers applied acute stress tests to evaluate the body's pain modulation mechanisms prior and after stress induction.
A new study reveals that US liberals and conservatives think differently due to cultural influences. Researchers found that conservative Americans are more likely to engage in holistic thinking, similar to East Asian cultures, whereas liberal Americans tend towards analytical thinking.
Scientists tested 100 undergraduate students in a memory experiment and found that even simple pieces of information were often forgotten when not expected. However, participants performed better when the information was relevant to their current task. This suggests that people's expectations play a significant role in determining what...
Researchers discovered that employees who returned hostility to their bosses felt less like victims, experienced less psychological distress, and were more satisfied with their jobs. This counterintuitive finding suggests that retaliation can have benefits for employees in toxic work environments.
Research from the University of Missouri found that cell phone separation can lead to increased heart rates, blood pressure levels, and anxiety in iPhone users. Participants experienced a negative physiological state when separated from their iPhones, impacting puzzle performance.
Research by Baylor University's Keith Sanford found that withdrawing from conflicts can lead to lower relationship satisfaction, while expecting a partner to mind-read can hinder communication and anger. The study identified two types of disengagement: withdrawal and passive immobility.
A study by City College of New York psychology Professor Irvin Schonfeld found a strong connection between burnout and depression in school teachers. 90% of the subjects identified as burned out met diagnostic criteria for depression, highlighting the overlap between the two conditions.
A study suggests that most American presidents are destined to be forgotten within 50-100 years of their serving as president. By 2040, Americans will probably remember as much about Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan as they do about Millard Fillmore.
Research finds middle managers are less likely to share their ideas with superiors as organizational hierarchy increases, leading to a lack of control and evaluation apprehension. The study suggests that top management can adjust the idea funnel to promote or counterbalance employee behavior.
A new study found that walking workstations significantly improve both physical and mental well-being during work hours. Participants showed increased satisfaction and reduced stress, boredom, and weight-related issues despite having varying levels of exercise habits or body mass index.
A Baylor University study found that seminaries provide inadequate training for pastors to recognize serious psychological distress and refer individuals to professionals. Most counseling classes focused on premarital or family counseling, with limited elective options available for mental health courses.
Research found that human gamblers and pigeons are 35% more likely to take risks for high-value rewards due to past experiences. The study suggests a shared psychology driving risk-taking behavior across species.
A study by the University of Liverpool found that a fiber-based dietary ingredient can lead to lower food intake at both lunch and dinner. The product, Weightain, consisting of viscous hydrocolloid and whole-grain corn flour, was shown to produce significant effects on appetite across the day.
A study published in Psychology and Aging found that older adults who were tested in the morning performed better on demanding cognitive tasks and showed greater activation of attentional control regions in their brains. This suggests that scheduling mentally challenging tasks for the morning can be beneficial for older adults.
Research shows a more than threefold rise in male teen drinking alcohol in India, with those from urban areas and poorer households most affected. Early onset of drinking is associated with increased risk of lifetime dependence, injuries, and psychological distress.
Researchers found that diverticulitis patients suffer from chronic symptoms such as anxiety, depression, bloating, and abdominal pain, which can significantly impact their quality of life. The study aims to develop a screening tool to better assess the long-term impact of diverticulitis.
A new study by the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management finds that people who think of love as perfect unity have worse relationships than those who view it as a journey. Recalling conflicts with the unity frame in mind leads to less relationship satisfaction, while recalling celebrations has the opposite effect.
A study found that over 50% of minors have exchanged explicit text messages, with most unaware of the legal ramifications. Researchers highlight the need for education and specific laws to address this issue. The study revealed a significant relationship between awareness of legal consequences and sexting behavior as minors.
Women with weight problems exhibited impulsive behavior when presented with images of food, suggesting a possible predisposition to binge eating. The study found that these individuals lacked contemplative will power and were more stimulated by food images.
A University of Liverpool study found that eating prunes daily improved weight loss by 1.5kg over 12 weeks, while also reducing waist circumference. Prune consumption enhanced feelings of fullness and was well-tolerated despite high doses.
Researchers have discovered that victims of repeated non-violent sexual assault experience higher levels of psychological distress and lower self-esteem compared to those who are violently raped. The study's findings highlight the importance of understanding patterns of sexual victimization to develop strategies to combat sexual assaul...
A new study by Coventry University and Staffordshire University found that anxiety about a competitive situation makes athletes more likely to slip-up. The research tested 18 active young adults during identical physical tests, with participants experiencing worse coordination and higher mental anxiety in competitive trials.
Research spanning nearly a century reveals that girls have consistently higher grades than boys across various subjects, including math and science. The study's findings contradict recent claims of a 'boy crisis' and suggest social and cultural factors may contribute to the difference in performance.
Research finds that people using a foreign language take a relatively utilitarian approach to moral dilemmas, making decisions based on assessments of what's best for the common good. This pattern holds even in emotionally difficult outcomes, such as sacrificing one life so others could live.
A third of ICU survivors develop depression manifesting as physical symptoms, such as weakness and fatigue, rather than psychological symptoms. Depression is four times more common than PTSD after critical illness, highlighting the need for new treatment approaches focusing on physical rehabilitation.
Only 10% of spine surgeons follow guidelines recommending routine psychological screenings before major surgery. Highly experienced surgeons and those with high patient volume more likely to use assessments, contrary to expectations that academic centers would lead the way.
Women with PVD (vulvar vestibulitis) who regulate their emotions in a satisfactory manner are more fulfilled sexually and relationally. Effective emotional communication can improve pain management and overall quality of life for couples.
A study published in the Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to experience anxiety and depression due to menstrual irregularities. The study also found that body hair growth was strongly associated with anxiety, while obesity was linked to hostility.
Conscientious personality traits appear to be a key risk factor for better health, with participants who were more conscientious having lower rates of obesity, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Researchers suggest that incorporating personality assessments into preventive healthcare could lead to more effective care plans.
A new study disputes the idea that humans experience six basic emotions universally, citing context-dependent expression recognition. Researchers found that facial expressions and vocalizations were not consistently labeled with emotion words across cultures, suggesting cultural categories may be at play.
A comprehensive review by the American Psychological Association highlights psychologists' expertise in addressing chronic pain. Successful treatment approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, and hypnosis, which offer more relief than prescription drugs or surgery.
Psychologists at the University of Jena discovered that attractive faces without distinctive features are less memorable. In a study published in Neuropsychologia, researchers found that test subjects were more likely to remember unattractive faces than attractive ones when the latter lacked notable traits.
A new study finds a troubling relationship between drinking and PTSD symptoms in college students. The research reveals that college students with PTSD symptoms are more likely to engage in heavy drinking, which can exacerbate their PTSD symptoms over time.
Research finds that US adults with private or no health insurance experience lower levels of psychological distress compared to those with public coverage. Adults with recent changes in insurance status have higher distress levels.
Research suggests that awe-inspiring sights can motivate people to seek explanations for the world, potentially leading to a stronger belief in the supernatural. Participants who watched awe-inspiring videos showed increased comfort with supernatural control and were more likely to believe in God.