Articles tagged with Psychological Theory
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business found that players perform worse against opponents with rising rankings due to 'status momentum', which affects their mental game. This theory counters the widely debated 'hot hand' concept, suggesting a player's positive momentum can heighten their own performance.
A team led by John Tsotsos disproved a long-standing theory of how the human vision system processes images. The study found that salience is not needed for quickly deciding what an image depicts and that current AI algorithms fall short in matching human performance.
Cognitive psychology researchers found substantial variability in experts' judgments on the same data, suggesting a serious inference problem. The study aimed to test the accuracy of theoretical conclusions made by researchers and found that some applied complex techniques, while others made misleading conclusions.
A new scale assessing passion in relation to a skill has been presented in the journal New Ideas in Psychology. Passion, grit, positive mindset, and mentors are key factors in achieving success. Men tend to rely on passion and grit, while women emphasize grit and a positive mindset.
A new online game called Bad News has been shown to increase 'psychological resistance' to fake news by exposing players to disinformation tactics. The game reduces perceived reliability of fake news headlines and tweets by up to 24%, with the greatest effect on those most susceptible to fake news.
Researchers developed a psychological model to understand readiness for professional development in defectologists, highlighting three key components: adaptability, self-respect, and motivation. Motivation was found to be the most critical factor, followed by self-respect and adaptability.
Researchers confirmed the theory that impostor syndrome mediates the link between perfectionism and psychological distress. Impostor syndrome arises from maladaptive perfectionism, causing increased anxiety, depressive moods, and other disorders. The study recommends focusing on competence, understanding self-defense mechanisms, mainta...
Richard Boyatzis, a renowned expert in competency, leadership, and emotional intelligence, has been awarded SIOP Fellow status. He is recognized for his significant contributions to I-O psychology through his theory and research on intentional change, organizational neuroscience, and teaching.
Dr. Marylene Gagné has been named a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) for her pioneering work in self-determination theory and work motivation. She is recognized for her outstanding contributions to the field of industrial-organizational psychology.
Robert Kaiser has been recognized by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) as a Fellow for his significant contributions to the field of industrial-organizational psychology. He has developed an integrated theory, measure, and method for developing versatile leaders, which has had a global impact.
Researchers introduce 'Responsibility Exchange Theory' to understand the psychology behind thanking, apologizing, bragging, and blaming. They found that thanking and apologizing elevate both perceived competence and warmth for the recipient, while bragging and blaming decrease both.
A new theory suggests that our relationship with the environment is like a social exchange, leading to the belief that eco-friendly behavior can cancel out harmful ones. Researchers argue that this mindset can lead to misguided quick fixes and that stricter legislation and immediate feedback on environmental impact are needed.
Research finds that people who believe in conspiracy theories are more likely to engage in low-level crime, such as fraud and theft. The study suggests that this behavior is linked to a feeling of social disconnection and lack of shared values.
John Scott, Ph.D., has been recognized by SIOP for his sustained humanitarian efforts, including developing a partnership between SIOP and the United Nations to promote I-O psychology for social responsibility. This award highlights Dr. Scott's contributions to reducing human suffering through organizational actions.
The study tested over half a million people, confirming two psychological theories of sex differences and autism. Autistic individuals showed a 'masculinized' shift on systemizing and autistic traits tests, with empathy scores lower than typical males.
Researchers at Emory University have proposed a novel framework to explain schadenfreude, finding that it comprises three subforms: aggression, rivalry, and justice. These subforms are interrelated and rooted in concerns of self-evaluation, social identity, and justice.
New research by Josh Hart suggests that people with suspicious, untrusting, and eccentric personalities are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories. The study found that these individuals tend to be more receptive to meaningful patterns where none exist and have a tendency to detect hidden forces at play.
Recent research found a significant correlation between conspiracy mentality and preference for alternative medical treatments in Germany and the USA. Individuals with a strong proclivity to believe in conspiracy theories tend to display a positive attitude towards alternative concepts and reject conventional medical treatments.
A new study suggests that fixed theories of interest may prevent people from exploring new topics, leading to a limitation in their academic pursuits. The researchers argue that adopting a growth theory can encourage individuals to develop their passion and be more open to new experiences.
New social psychology studies predict the likelihood of believing conspiracy theories, finding that people with high confidence in their politics understanding are more likely to endorse conspiracies. Researchers suggest that challenging one's assumptions and seeking credible perspectives can lead to more informed opinions.
Research at the University of Kent found that individuals with anxious attachment style are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories. Anxious attachment is formed in childhood when caregivers are inconsistently available, shaping people's worldviews and political attitudes.
Researchers found that self-defeating humour is associated with greater levels of psychological well-being, particularly in terms of happiness and sociability. The study challenges previous research suggesting negative effects of self-defeating humour.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found a strong correlation between belief in conspiracy theories and vaccine skepticism worldwide. The research suggests that conspiracy beliefs can override scientific evidence and lead to negative attitudes towards vaccinations.
A new study suggests that people who perceive their willpower as limited are more likely to feel exhausted and need breaks between mentally taxing activities. In contrast, those who view their willpower as limitless tend to feel energized and ready to tackle the next challenge.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that individuals with higher news media literacy are less likely to endorse conspiracy theories. The study surveyed nearly 400 participants and found that those who know more about the news media are less susceptible to conspiracy theories, regardless of their political affiliation.
Researchers found that Facebook users with strong materialistic values use the platform more frequently and engage deeper, objectifying their friends. The Social Online Self-Regulation Theory proposes self-regulation as the key to social media usage, aiming for a neutral attitude towards platforms.
A new study published in the Journal of Motor Behavior found that Perceptual Control Theory can significantly improve performance in sports and other activities. The theory argues that teaching people what to do is less effective than teaching them how to picture the desired outcome.
Researchers investigate face perception's impact on human behavior, including recognizing emotions, forming impressions, and making judgments. The study reveals the complexities of face processing and its role in shaping our interactions with others.
A study from the University of Arizona found that reminding people of their mortality increases their willingness to kill animals. The researchers used terror management theory, which suggests that humans use self-esteem as a buffer against fear of death. When participants received a self-esteem boost, the effect of the death prime was...
A Northwestern University team developed a new computational model that performs at human levels on the Raven's Progressive Matrices, a nonverbal standardized test. The model's ability to solve complex visual problems and understand analogies provides evidence for the importance of symbolic representations and analogy in visual reasoning.
A study published in Marketing Science found that leveraging psychological theories on sympathy when drafting a fundraising letter can significantly increase donations. The experiment involved varying the content of fundraising letters and measuring the response, resulting in a 300% increase in donations.
Researchers found that basketball players scored more points after being presented with death-related prompts, boosting their self-esteem and performance. Participants who thought about death performed 40% better in a second game and attempted more shots, suggesting a subconscious effort to regain a protective sense of self-esteem.
A new study found that boasting about intelligence can make a person seem more competent, but less moral, than those who remain humble. Self-effacement claims also have consequences, with declaring oneself not particularly smart worse for perceived competence than being shown right or wrong.
Researchers review how psychology helps people with diabetes manage their condition through behavioral intervention programs and identifying mental disorders associated with the disease. The article highlights the importance of psychological science in improving diabetes prevention and care.
Research by Gillian Murphy found that drivers who listen to traffic reports while driving are more distracted and perform poorly on tasks like obeying road signs. The study's results suggest that auditory distractions can be just as problematic as visual ones in reducing driver attention.
Researchers found that over 70% of mentioned exemplars represented practical wisdom, which includes insight into real-life issues and strategic problem-solving. The study identified three prototypes: practical, philosophical, and benevolent, with practical wisdom being the most frequently mentioned.
Researchers propose expectancy-based binding theory, which suggests that subjects remember features without necessarily attaching them to the target object. This contradicts traditional theories of object-based and feature-based encoding., Attention alone is not enough for accurate memory recall, according to the study.
Researchers found that mortality salience is a significant factor in consumers' reluctance to purchase annuities. The study suggests that when people consider annuities, they are more likely to think about their own mortality, leading to increased anxiety and decreased interest in the product.
A University of Illinois study found that graphic warning labels on cigarette packs can backfire, causing smokers to feel threatened and less likely to quit. The study suggests that these labels can produce a 'boomerang effect', leading smokers to smoke more despite the warnings.
A recent study by Carnegie Mellon University found that small changes to tax notices can significantly increase EITC participation. The study showed that making the layout cleaner and displaying the potential credit amount in the headline led to a higher response rate.
A meta-analysis of experimental methods found that early interactions designed to raise intelligence lose their effects over time. This challenges theories on cognitive development and environmental influences, suggesting that increased intelligence may adapt to new environments rather than leading to permanent gains.
A new theoretical model suggests that investing too much in backup plans can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, where individuals are more likely to use well-developed backup plans and less likely to invest in their primary goal. This can lead to reduced success and motivation.
A study by researchers at the University of Fribourg and the University of Paris-Saint-Denis found no evidence for a link between conspiracist thinking and perceptions of randomness. Instead, participants who reported strong conspiracy theories tended to report other types of conspiracist beliefs, but not necessarily an intention or de...
Researchers at Ohio State University propose a new theoretical approach to psychology based on quantum physics, enabling humans to make decisions in uncertain situations. This approach resolves contradictions among previous studies and provides insight into human behavior, including the effect of survey question order.
Researchers at University of Michigan examined two mindsets: fit theory and develop theory. They found that both are equally effective in achieving vocational well-being, with differing motivations. People with the fit theory prioritize initial enjoyment, while those with the develop theory focus on cultivating passion over time.
Researchers found that marriage leads to a dramatic decrease in heavy drinking among young adults, particularly those with severe drinking issues. This 'marriage effect' may be due to role-incompatibility theory, which suggests that individuals must adapt their behavior to meet the demands of new roles like marriage.
A new theory proposes that consciousness is a passive interpreter rather than an active force, contradicting intuitive beliefs about human consciousness. According to the Passive Frame Theory, consciousness relays information to control voluntary action, but does not exert control over thoughts and feelings.
A new study suggests that non-violent video games with storytelling can have prosocial benefits, improving emotional intelligence and social skills. The research found that immersive gaming experiences foster theory of mind and empathy, which can be helpful in treating disorders like autism.
A study by Ryan Boyd and James Pennebaker uses psychological theory to analyze Shakespeare's plays, revealing a unique psychological profile that strongly identifies him as the author of Double Falsehood. The analysis also sheds light on Theobald's character, contradicting previous accounts.
A new University of Utah study found that exposure to killing and death while deployed is correlated with a 43% increased suicide risk compared to general deployment. The research suggests that seeing death and killing contributes to feelings of guilt, shame, regret, and negative self-perceptions.
A new study by University of Vermont researcher David Jones found that job ads focusing on what employers can provide to applicants, such as work autonomy and career advancement, attract more highly rated applicants. These ads received almost three times as many high-quality applications as those emphasizing demands-abilities fit.
Research finds that scarcity makes consumers choose their favorite item more, while abundance leads to varied selections. This effect can be manipulated through psychological arousal, influencing decision-making in various contexts.
A novel silver lining theory establishes that believing a weakness can be a strength leads to increased productivity in that domain. In experiments, impulsivity was found to be related to creativity when participants believed it, but not when they disbelieved it.
Anna V. Fisher, Carnegie Mellon University associate professor of psychology, receives a $600,000 award to study the emergence of higher-order cognition in children. Her work explores how individual differences and developmental changes contribute to children's ability to make inferences based on non-obvious commonalities.
New research by Michigan State University scholars suggests that women applying for jobs in male-dominated fields should emphasize masculine traits, such as assertiveness and independence, to be seen as a better fit. This approach is seen as an effective strategy to counteract bias in the hiring process.
A new theoretical review published in American Psychologist suggests that favoritism, rather than hostility, is the primary cause of discrimination in the US. The researchers found that most discrimination occurs as a result of ordinary, unintentional acts that benefit those similar to the person doing the favor.
A new study by Coventry University and Staffordshire University found that anxiety about a competitive situation makes athletes more likely to slip-up. The research tested 18 active young adults during identical physical tests, with participants experiencing worse coordination and higher mental anxiety in competitive trials.
A new study by Sam Houston State University found that gang members are twice as likely to become both victims and offenders of a crime than non-gang members. The study suggests that gang membership is a common source of both forms of violence, with group processes and norms facilitating trading places between victim and offender.
A study found that adolescent girls who avoided painful thoughts and emotions were more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after child maltreatment. In contrast, those who openly discussed their experiences had lower PTSD symptoms.
Research from the University of Kent found that stronger belief in anti-vaccine conspiracy theories is associated with lower intention to vaccinate. This study suggests that anti-vaccine conspiracy theories may present a barrier to vaccine uptake, posing significant consequences for children's health.