Articles tagged with Punishment
A study by Dr. Thomas Brewer found that blacks and whites give mitigation the same level of attention in most capital cases, but black jurors are significantly more open to mitigating evidence when a black defendant is facing killing a white victim.
The study found activation of specific areas in the prefrontal cortex when subjects knew they could face punishment for non-compliance. People with Machiavellian traits showed higher brain activity in these areas, suggesting a link to their selfish behavior.
Anesthesiologists and medical ethicist discuss pros and cons of doctors participating in state-ordered executions. Some argue that humane methods can be used to minimize suffering, while others believe it violates the Hippocratic oath and compromises medical professionalism.
The Lancet Editorial argues that capital punishment is a cruel practice with no place in modern society, citing declining support worldwide. The use of lethal injection is facing major legal challenges in the US, further eroding its legitimacy.
Sarah Chayes, a former NPR correspondent, has been awarded the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Ruth Salzman Adams Award for her work on the impact of US actions in Afghanistan. The award recognizes emerging writers who can translate complex ideas into everyday language and images.
Children with 'callous-unemotional' temperament show a lack of empathy and guilt about their actions, making them less responsive to traditional discipline. Researchers found that increasing punishment can exacerbate behavioral problems in these children, who respond better to incentives and rewards.
A new study published in PLoS Biology found that avoiding punishment activates the same brain reward centers as receiving a reward. Researchers used fMRI to scan the brains of humans performing an instrumental conditioning task, where participants could either lose or win money. The results showed that the medial orbitofrontal cortex (...
A study found that individuals prioritize groups with punishment options over those without, leading to increased cooperation and financial rewards. This discovery may contribute to a general theory of human cooperation and inform strategies for addressing global issues like climate change.
A Californian judge has ruled that the state must ensure a qualified individual confirms unconsciousness before the injection of pancuronium and potassium chloride in executions. This decision follows concerns raised by anaesthetists and a drop in public support for capital punishment from 80% to 64% over the past decade.
The elasticity of demand is key to understanding the effects of punishment on suppliers, who pass costs to consumers, leading to lower consumption when demand is elastic. In contrast, excise taxes and persuasive techniques are more effective in reducing illegal drug spending.
A recent study by a UC sociologist examines how audiences have shaped the evolution of capital punishment. The research highlights four areas where audiences have influenced contemporary conflicts in the death penalty: pain and technology, procedures and professionals, publicity and public access, and witness and psychological closure.
A recent study by Leonidas Koniaris and colleagues found that lethal injection methods in the US are often inadequate, leading to unnecessary suffering. The study analysed data from executions in Texas and Virginia, as well as autopsy toxicology reports, revealing low concentrations of thiopental in the blood of executed inmates.
In West Papua, patients often initially choose indigenous treatments for illnesses, but switch to biomedical options if they don't work. After initial failure, individuals focus on finding the cause of their illness, attributing it to factors like ancestral spirits, magic, or biological responses.
A UF study reveals that 'gamblers fallacy' is present in various aspects of life, including crime. Repeat offenders tend to underestimate the risk of being caught again, leading to increased crime rates. This phenomenon affects not only speeding but also drunk driving and drug use.
The behavior of punishing others for their injury is widespread in the animal kingdom, with humans adding a conscious sense of what to achieve through revenge. This leads to complex social rules governing who can be targeted and when, often prioritizing balance over personal relationships.
A meta-analysis of 88 studies found strong associations between corporal punishment and child behaviors, including aggression, antisocial behavior, and physical abuse. The research suggests that corporal punishment may actually cause negative outcomes for children, such as increased aggression and mental health issues.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that states with larger proportions of African Americans are more likely to have the death penalty. Economic inequality within a state also plays a significant role in determining its likelihood of having capital punishment.
Researchers Levitt and Porter studied fatal two-car crashes to determine the percentage of people estimated to be driving drunk. Their findings show that drivers who had been drinking were seven times more likely to cause a fatal crash than sober drivers.
Physicians who participate in executions do so out of a sense of citizen obligation, but this involvement mostly advances pro-death penalty political purposes. Medical professionals have long opposed physician participation in executions due to ethical concerns.