Articles tagged with Social Development
Researchers analyzed home videotapes of 56 children to find that infants with autism who experience regression show more frequent word use and babble than normal infants at 12 months. Early onset ASD infants display the least frequency of language development.
Researchers found a strong positive association between FGM and primary infertility, particularly with the most extensive form of the practice. The study suggests that women who have undergone FGM are at a higher risk of infertility due to anatomical changes, highlighting the need for preventive work against female genital mutilation.
Researchers found that genetic factors explain only a small extent of social aggression (20%), with environmental factors such as parental behavior and peer influence having a greater impact. The study also suggests that reducing physically aggressive behavior in early childhood may help prevent the development of social aggression.
Researchers have found that disruption of the Foxp2 gene affects the ability of infant rodents to emit ultrasonic vocalizations, which is crucial for social communication. The study suggests that Foxp2 subsumes communication across species, enabling researchers to learn about human speech and articulation.
Researchers identified a link between chromosomes 7 and 21 and autism susceptibility, with new evidence suggesting chromosome 21 plays a role in the condition. This finding may help explain the increased prevalence of autism among children with Down syndrome.
A new intervention program for toddlers with autism focuses on social engagement to improve language and cognitive development. The program aims to alter the trajectory of early brain development toward a more normal one by promoting emotional relationships between children and other people.
Children below 10 years old suppress racial prejudice when held accountable for their actions, but older children may increase their bias. Researchers suggest changing the normative climate in social environments can induce significant attitude change.
Research suggests that the quality of time spent by employed mothers with their infants is crucial for early development, rather than the amount of time spent. Mothers who prioritize spending time with their babies, regardless of employment status, are more likely to provide sensitive and high-quality parenting.
A new system of racial identification is proposed by sociologist David Harris, considering the multidimensional nature of racial classification. The 'matrix of race' identifies nine cells of identification based on genotype-ancestry, phenotype, and culture, addressing issues with census data collection.
A long-term study of children who received a social development program in elementary school found that they were more likely to graduate from high school, complete college, and have fewer mental health problems. The results suggest that early intervention can set a positive developmental trajectory into adulthood.
A new method, called Day Reconstruction Method (DRM), assesses how people spend their time and feel about daily activities. The study found that relaxing with friends is an enjoyable activity, while commuting is not.
A new study found that smokers who start screening at age 50 or older have a risk for developing lung cancer similar to those who smoked heavily for many years. Annual CT screening can identify high percentages of Stage I diagnoses, the most curable form of lung cancer.
A study of 101 at-risk adolescents found that poverty, enmeshed family relationships, and depressive symptoms are associated with decreases in attachment security. Longitudinal analysis revealed that stressors overwhelmed coping abilities while cutting off support from close relationships.
Research using non-human primates reveals that early life stress exposure timing affects brain development and behavior in adulthood. The study found that monkeys separated from their mothers at different ages displayed distinct behavioral patterns, with those separated earlier showing reduced social skills and increased anxiety.
Research on the 1970 British Cohort Study found that middle childhood development significantly affects adult outcomes. Children's relative cognitive ability changes between ages 5 and 10 are crucial, as those who 'escape' their initial performance tend to have better life chances and reduced risk of negative adult outcomes.
A Dartmouth College study found that groups are less segregated at work than at home in greater Los Angeles, with interracial contact increasing during the workday. Notably, African Americans remain highly segregated both at work and home, while immigrants from Mexico and whites disperse more during the day.
Researchers explore the role of genetics, social organization, and sexual selection in shaping family structures and behaviors in various species. From pathogens to genes, scientists uncover the intricate mechanisms driving the evolution of complex social systems.
A study of over 113,000 adolescents from 25 countries found that involvement in bullying was associated with poor physical health, emotional adjustment, school performance, peer relationships, alcohol use, and carrying weapons. The researchers also observed a significant overlap between bullies, victims, and bully-victims.
Rice University's 'Nanotechnology: Content and Context' course combines technical content with social context to prepare students for a future where nanotech is integral. The course, led by CBEN faculty, explores four theme areas: scale, life, risk, and environment.
A national study of over 20,000 children found that students with at least one sibling were rated as better able to form friendships and show sensitivity to others. The results suggest a social-skills advantage for having siblings, even after controlling for other factors.
Children who feel socially ineffective and undeserving of attention from peers are more likely to withdraw and experience teasing, leading to a self-perpetuating cycle of negativity. Intervening requires changing how children perceive their social abilities and worth, as well as modifying school environments.
The partnership aims to improve human resource development and create an international network of social scientists working on maritime issues. Students from developing countries in Asia and Japan will be awarded scholarships to pursue Masters of Philosophy or Doctor of Philosophy degrees.
A Mount Holyoke researcher is studying how low-income urban youth develop science aspirations and pursue careers in science and technology. The five-year study will examine the social negotiations of educational and career aspirations, effective mentoring strategies, and patterns of science and technology learning and motivation.
A recent survey by Erickson found that Atlantic Canadians are best connected, with an average of 11 out of 15 occupational categories. Volunteering is key to broadening one's social network, according to Professor Bonnie Erickson.
Despite improvements in reported pain after surgery, patients continue to express concerns about anaesthesia, including fear of not waking up or experiencing nausea and vomiting. The authors note that developments in technology and training have improved anaesthetic practice, but challenges remain to improve patient comfort.
Dr. Pasupathi was awarded the 2003 Kalish Award by the Gerontological Society of America for her conceptual publication on adult development and its implications for aging. The award recognizes state-of-the-art thinking in this field, demonstrating Dr. Pasupathi's significant contributions to gerontological research.
Research suggests that social structures in insects like bees and ants emerge from group interactions, with patterns of behavior creating complexity. This idea challenges the conventional view that social characteristics are programmed by genes, proposing instead that adaptation follows the development of networks.
A sociologist has developed a 10-category scale to measure disasters and terrorism events, helping researchers and practitioners distinguish between appropriate mitigating efforts. The scale assesses the degree of social disruption resulting from an actual or potential disaster, with categories ranging from everyday emergencies to anni...
The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has announced the selection of nine Professorial Fellows, renowned scholars in their field, to pursue groundbreaking research. The fellowships aim to free these top researchers from administrative duties, allowing them to focus on producing high-quality research.
The US is struggling with chronic poverty, slow economic growth, and insecure access to healthcare, ranking 27th globally. Africa is in dire straits, with many countries facing concentrated poverty, weak institutions, and repeated economic failure.
A global strategy aims to protect households from catastrophic health-care payments. By reducing out-of-pocket spending, financing through general taxes and social insurance can provide access to needed services.
Research by Professor Erickson suggests that having a variety of casual acquaintances can improve job prospects and overall well-being. People with diverse social networks are more likely to feel in control and have access to valuable information, leading to improved health and happiness.
Comparative literature expert Eric Cazdyn examines the relationship between Japanese film history and societal shifts. His research reveals how changes in film techniques reflect broader cultural transformations, including increased citizen participation and experimentation during times of economic turmoil.
Lymphatic filariasis is a leading cause of permanent and long-term disability, resulting in physical suffering and psychosocial problems. Continued research is essential to measuring LF elimination efforts and making adjustments as the program moves into new challenges.
The International Council for Science (ICSU) examines current threats to scientific freedom and proposes recommendations to address visa restrictions and promote international collaboration. ICSU emphasizes the need for scientists to recognize their responsibilities and provide adequate information for processing visa applications.
A study by Tiffany Yip and Andrew J. Fuligni found that adolescents' sense of ethnicity increased with participation in ethnic activities, such as speaking Chinese or eating Chinese food. The researchers also discovered a stronger connection between feeling Chinese and positive feelings in boys compared to girls.
A study found that different social settings impact adolescent mental health, social behavior, and academic performance. Family quality has a strong joint effect with friend quality, while school and neighborhood quality are also linked.
Researchers propose that social insects like ants, bees, and wasps provide a unique opportunity to study genetic imprinting. This process involves the labeling of genes by mothers and fathers before passing them on to their offspring, leading to conflicts between maternal and paternal genes.
Researchers found that cooperative hunting and meat sharing may have been a key factor in the development of sociality. Early humans learned cooperation was necessary for survival, refining concepts like cooperation, cheating, and distribution.
Research finds that women who suppress their anger experience more intense feelings of anger and disgust than men. This 'rebound effect' suggests that suppressing emotions may not be an effective strategy for managing anger.
Higher quality childcare is linked to improved cognitive and socio-emotional skills in children, including better math skills and fewer behavior problems. Research suggests that policies promoting high-quality childcare can have lasting benefits for school readiness and success.
Fossils from three different humans estimated to be about 175,000 years old show a stage of evolutionary development that led to the Neandertals. The jaw fragment reveals signs of reduced chewing force due to food preparation changes, suggesting extensive community support for individuals with difficulty caring for themselves.
A study found that moderate alcohol exposure during early pregnancy can cause noticeable reductions in infant attention and motor maturity, similar to continuous or late exposure. This contradicts previous research suggesting growth and behavioral problems only occur with later exposure.
A study found that teachers who used color-coded labels to organize students were more likely to create stereotypes among students. However, when teachers ignored these labels, children developed fewer intergroup biases, suggesting that social environment plays a crucial role in shaping prejudice.
Local Gypsy minority self-governments drive local development efforts, improving socio-economic conditions and strengthening intracommunity social ties. These initiatives benefit not only Roma but also other ethnic Hungarians, fostering a more pluralistic, democratic society.
A new study from the Institute of Psychiatry finds that schizophrenia affects carers' mental and physical well-being from its earliest stages. Carers experience distress due to difficult behaviors and social withdrawal, emphasizing the importance of providing support to prevent further mental illnesses.
The National Center for Eco-Industrial Development aims to facilitate job growth and sustainable industrial expansion in economically distressed communities. The new center will encourage industrial ecology, establish eco-industrial parks and expand the use of processes to maximize communities' development potential.
Experts at UNC-CH School of Social Work are developing a social development program called Making Choices to strengthen children's social skills and reduce peer rejection, alienation, and aggression. The program aims to teach children conflict resolution skills and foster enduring friendships in multicultural peer groups.
The Fogarty International Center is funding five initial awards and three planning grants to support training programs in research ethics, teaching, and clinical trial design in developing countries. The program aims to enhance international bioethics guidelines and practices.
The Digital Childhood conference explores how interactive technologies influence child development, aiming to promote healthy growth and development. Experts in cognitive, social, and emotional child development will discuss the benefits and risks of technology engagement for children.
The American Academy of Neurology recommends routine developmental screening for all children from infancy through school age, focusing on early detection of autism. The guidelines also emphasize the importance of genetic or metabolic testing to rule out conditions that may be confused with autism.
A new IIASA report examines Namibia's population growth, environment, and development, providing a comprehensive understanding of the country's challenges and opportunities. The study highlights the importance of sustainable human development and explores alternative policy scenarios for Namibia's future.
A University at Buffalo study found that men with testicular cancer are two-thirds less likely to have fathered a live infant and nine times more likely to have been diagnosed as infertile than healthy controls. The research contradicts earlier findings that showed no relationship between fertility and testicular cancer diagnosis.
Genetically engineered rice can produce essential micronutrients to combat malnutrition. Biotechnology has the potential to improve the nutritional status of millions worldwide.
A recent study found that younger people are both drinking and developing alcohol problems at an earlier age. Those who develop alcoholism early in life have greater social and legal problems. The study also showed a strong association between early use of substances and later-in-life alcohol-use disorders, depression, and multiple hea...
Research suggests that poverty has a greater impact on the mental development of children exposed to cocaine before birth, even when controlling for IQ scores and preschool attendance. Children who had been exposed to cocaine performed no worse than low-income children without cocaine exposure in problem-solving tests.
The report focuses on crucial problems such as science and technology in society, development, and the environment. It examines how social sciences are organized, financed, and practiced worldwide. The World Social Science Report provides overviews of broad regions, including Latin America, Southern Asia, and Africa.
A new instrument helps children understand the difference between truth and lies, and recognize the importance of telling the whole truth. The Lyon-Saywitz Oath-Taking Competency Picture Task has shown that children as young as five can be trusted to understand what they're promising in a court of law.
A new University at Buffalo study found that body mass index, refined sugar, and saturated fat intake are directly associated with the formation of gallstones. Conversely, physical activity and a diet high in monounsaturated fat and insoluble dietary fiber were protective against gallstones.
Dr. Keith Wailoo, a UNC associate professor, has been awarded a $1 million James S. McDonnell Centennial Fellowship to study disease and biomedicine in the 20th century. He will investigate how people's ideas about illnesses like breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have changed over time.