An international team of scientists has found a cloud of dust grains surrounding Ganymede, the largest of Jupiter's four Galilean satellites. The dust was generated by impacts of interplanetary meteoroids and is thought to be an important mechanism for dust production in space.
The Catalyst study found that over half of the women scientists interviewed preferred industry careers due to a lack of information about corporate job markets. Many reported feeling unwelcome in academic environments, leading them to pursue careers in applied science and product development. To address this issue, companies are advise...
Researchers used the One-Ångstrom Microscope to create unprecedented images of columns of carbon atoms in diamond lattices and nitrogen atoms in gallium nitride at atomic resolution. The technique overcomes challenges of resolving light elements in crystal lattices, enabling new discoveries in superhard materials, high-temperature supe...
A new report by Johns Hopkins Medicine highlights the inadequate tuberculosis control programs in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV infection rates are high. The report recommends improved screening, treatment, and integration of TB and HIV care to reduce transmission.
A study by Northwestern University and the Mayo Clinic found that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy increases the risk for specific types of breast cancer with favorable prognoses, particularly invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma. The risk is higher among women who used hormone replacement therapy for five or fewer years.
Researchers found a new mechanism explaining how Alzheimer's disease damages the brain by producing hydrogen peroxide from oxygen, a toxic agent that can cause brain damage. The discovery provides a potential target for new drugs to treat Alzheimer's, which affects four million Americans.
Researchers at CU-Boulder are part of an international team experimenting with sub-atomic particles to explain how the universe came into existence. They aim to find out why there is more matter than antimatter in the universe.
Researchers successfully transplanted neural stem cells into mice with severe tremors caused by demyelinating disorders. The transplanted cells matured into oligodendrocytes, producing myelin and covering nearby nerve fibers, resulting in reduced disease symptoms.
Dr. Colleen Wilson-Hodge, a NASA astrophysicist, has discovered two new X-ray pulsars using the Burst and Transient Source Experiment on NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. The pulsars are powered by accretion of material from companion stars and have strong gravity that pulls matter toward their surfaces.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have discovered two new superheavy elements, 116 and 118, using an intense beam of high-energy krypton ions. The discovery was made possible by the newly constructed Berkeley Gas-filled Separator, which allows for unprecedented efficiency and background suppression.
A major national study found that quality in child care makes a difference in children's intellectual and social readiness for school. The effects of higher-quality care were strongest among children at greater risk of doing poorly in school.
A Cedars-Sinai Medical Center study has discovered a molecular mechanism behind hormonal responses to stress, involving leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its regulation of the pituitary gland. This finding provides new insights into the body's response to stress and sepsis.
A recent study found that professionals frequently mistake non-bullying situations for bullying, leading to inadequate intervention and increased long-term harm. The researchers stress the importance of recognizing emotional abuse and its potential to escalate into violence.
The U.S. Army has implemented a new computerized supply tracking system called Wildcat, which applies commercial strategies and wireless technology to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The system tracks supplies using hand-held mobile computers and a central database, eliminating the need for manual ordering and inventory management.
Dr. Aliza A. Lifshitz, an internist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, won a media award from the American Heart Association Western States Affiliate for her two-part series on heart disease and its risks to Hispanic women.
Research suggests a decline in private sector union membership, with some union leaders feeling losing clout and power. However, union membership is increasing among government workers, particularly public employees, school bus drivers, secretarial and clerical employees, maintenance workers, and others.
A new Ohio University study found that 10% of college students have sold their blood plasma for payments, often using the funds for nonessential goods. The study revealed that paid student donors come from higher-income families and are more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle practices.
Penn State engineers discovered that graphite flake shape and microstructure significantly impact cracking and chipping during casting and machining. They found that increasing machinability can reduce product breakage and costs by supporting the development of consistently machinable cast iron.
Researchers found that aging by itself does not impact brain systems crucial for learning and memory, but combining old age with pre-existing brain damage leads to severe issues. This study has significant implications for understanding Alzheimer's disease and dementia in humans.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a mathematical algorithm that can precisely control blood-sugar levels in people with Type I diabetes using an implantable insulin pump. The chip-based system predicts insulin needs based on glucose sensor data, reducing peak glucose levels by 44% and overshoot by 80%.
A University of Toronto study found that soy foods reduced levels of harmful LDL cholesterol and lowered total cholesterol, potentially explaining why heart disease is rare in East Asian countries with high soy consumption. The research suggests broadening dietary strategies to include more soluble fibre and soy protein foods.
Researchers found that low doses of Tacrine hydrochloride reduced motor and vocal tics in adults with Tourette syndrome. The study also showed dose-related improvement in comorbid symptoms such as attentional difficulties, hyperactivity, and obsessive thinking.
Adding nitrogen to gallium indium arsenide decreases its band gap dramatically, a significant finding for advanced solar cells. The discovery explains why the material has been disappointing in solar cells so far.
A new study by Penn State researchers improves the regional climate assessment of the Mid-Atlantic Region. The research involved gathering input from over 95 stakeholders representing industry, environmental groups, government, and research organizations. Key findings highlight the importance of human health in addressing global change...
A new study by University at Buffalo exercise scientists reveals that dehydration can induce bronchospasm before exercise and exacerbate exercise-induced asthma. Researchers found that individuals with asthma are more sensitive to dehydration, leading to reduced respiratory capacity and increased difficulty during physical activity.
A standardized treatment protocol for severely malnourished children has been shown to reduce mortality rates by 47%. The new protocol includes slow rehydration, immediate feeding with locally available foods, routine micronutrient supplementation, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Naturally occurring micro-organisms that live at the bottom of lakes and streams have been shown to convert gasoline additives, including MTBE, into harmless byproducts. The study suggests that these micro-organisms can act as a significant barrier to the entry of MTBE into surface water systems.
A University at Buffalo study found that men recovering from a heart attack who are at the highest risk of a second attack are also the least likely to participate in an exercise program. These men tend to be overweight, have high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and smoke tobacco.
The report in Science reveals the x-ray crystal structure of MMP-2, a key target for anti-cancer drug candidates. The elucidated structure provides valuable information on the function and regulation of MMP-2, enabling the design of improved inhibitors.
New research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that false recall in older adults with Alzheimer's is related to attention breakdowns rather than memory decline. The study found that older adults are susceptible to creating false memories, which challenges the idea of a broad general decline in all memory-related functions.
Researchers have successfully used fMRI to generate high-resolution pictures of active brain regions in monkeys under anesthesia. The technique allows for precise visualization of brain activity, challenging previous assumptions about the effects of anesthetics on brain function.
Twenty U.S high school students have been chosen to compete in the 31st International Chemistry Olympiad. They will participate in a two-week study camp at the U.S Air Force Academy before representing the US team in the global contest.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that people with high self-doubt focus on the difficulty of coming up with positive examples, leading to lower self-esteem. In contrast, those with low self-doubt focus on the positive experiences, resulting in improved self-regard.
The first 3D topographic images of the lunar polar regions have been revealed by Cornell University researchers, indicating potential sites for water ice deposits. The new images obtained through radar interferometry show five large craters in the south polar region that could contain significant amounts of water ice.
A landmark study assessing New York City's metropolitan area for climate change challenges has been presented by Cynthia Rosenzweig. The project pairs scientists with local governments to inform decisions on aging roads, public health, and coastal erosion.
Researchers develop a novel method to reduce decompression sickness risk in divers by introducing hydrogen-metabolizing bacteria into the intestine. This method uses Methanobrevibac smithii to metabolize excess gas, potentially treating digestive issues like bloating and discomfort.
Penn State researchers have found a statistically significant correlation between the presence of Helicobacter pylori in private wells and cases of stomach ulcers. The study reveals that even coliform-free water samples can contain the ulcer-causing bacterium, raising questions over the safety of current drinking water testing methods.
The Institute of Materials is seeking abstracts for Materials Congress 2000, a major meeting of materials engineers and scientists. The event will attract 600 delegates and include a comprehensive conference programme, exhibitions, and social activities.
UC and CREW biologists use a basic hole-puncher to collect plant samples, then study how to protect them from dehydration and rehydration. They discover that plants secrete a hormone called abscisic acid to protect themselves during dry times.
Researchers like John Gottman believe that fathers play a crucial role in helping children develop emotional control. By fostering emotional intelligence, dads can improve their children's behavior, academic performance, and overall well-being. In contrast, harsh parenting styles can lead to negative outcomes.
Researchers at Penn State found a correlation between jet stream strength and precipitation in the Sahel region, which has been experiencing drought since the 1970s. The Tropical Easterly Jet was mostly weaker during dry periods, while the African Easterly Jet showed slightly stronger patterns in very dry years.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that genetic testing and dietary modification can save the lives of children born with a defect in fatty acid breakdown. The research team identified 24 infants with liver, heart, or muscular abnormalities and found that dietary treatment was crucial for survival.
Physicists at Johns Hopkins University have identified the molecular origins of static friction, resolving a long-standing issue in understanding Amontons' classic laws. The 'gunk in the middle' - hydrocarbon molecules between surfaces - provides an explanation for the linear relationship between force and load.
Researchers recommend genetic screening for pregnant women with liver illness and their families to prevent life-threatening conditions. The E474Q mutation is identified in 19 children out of 24 families studied, leading to AFLP or other liver disorders in mothers.
The National Geodata Forum will focus on using geospatial data to create livable communities. The event brings together over 400 stakeholders to discuss how to make information and power flow from the bottom up.
Researchers at UPMC have successfully conducted the world's first in vivo gene therapy for hemophilia A using a modified retrovirus to deliver the FVIII gene. The treatment aims to permanently restore clotting factor production, reducing costs and complications associated with the disease.
New Hubble images show gas shells produced by novae that may revolutionize our understanding of galactic evolution. The findings imply that novae play a significant role in the distribution of heavier elements and planetary system development, contradicting previous predictions.
Researchers developed the Ocutech autofocus telescope, which enables people with macular degeneration to see clearly for the first time. The device has been praised for its comfort and convenience, allowing users to see blackboards, read signs, and watch birds without manual focus.
A well-controlled scientific study found no positive physical effect beyond moisturizing for 'thigh-reducing' creams. The study showed that applying the creams had no significant difference in upper-leg circumference compared to a lotion not touted as fat-reducing.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed a computer model that provides atomic details of the binding interactions between damaged DNA and the repair enzyme DNA photolyase. The model provides new insights into which parts of the enzyme are important for electron transfer, which could lead to the development of an arti...
A NIAAA-led study confirms that environmental factors can significantly impact the behavior of genetically identical mice, challenging traditional assumptions about genetic determinism. The research highlights the need for laboratories to replicate tests locally and standardize behavioral tests to minimize environmental influences.
A Navy laboratory has successfully demonstrated an AI-powered tutoring system that reduces the number of instructors needed for team training. The system tracks keystroke and eye movement to provide real-time feedback, enabling more effective high-functioning teamwork.
Biologists at Washington University pinpointed cassava's origins to southern border of the Amazon River basin in Brazil using DNA sequencing techniques. The study reveals genetic diversity in wild and domesticated cassava strains, providing insights into crop improvement.
Researchers have found surprising variation in nicotine withdrawal symptoms, with many experiencing intense spikes months after quitting. The study suggests that the duration or pattern of withdrawal symptoms is more difficult to overcome than the initial intensity.
Researchers have found evidence of chlorine emissions in the atmosphere of Io, a Jupiter moon with high volcanic activity. The discovery suggests that salt may be present on Io's surface due to chemical reactions or geological processes.
The study found that only 7% of D.C. residents and 14% of Delaware residents consider themselves part of the South. In contrast, 84% of Texans and 82% of Virginians identify as Southerners. The results suggest a more nuanced understanding of regional identity.
Researchers at AeroMet developed the Lasform process, which builds high-tech titanium components using laser forming and powdered titanium. The process reduces production scrap and time to weeks, ideal for prototype parts and small production runs.
Researchers at Columbia University have found a link between the greenhouse effect and warmer winters in the northern hemisphere. They used a NASA model to suggest that increased greenhouse gases are causing stronger winds to carry warmer air from oceans to continents, leading to colder continental air near the oceans.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a new endoscopic procedure to remove pituitary gland tumors, reducing trauma and complications. The technique has been refined after an initial animal study identified potential 'glitches' that were later addressed, resulting in improved outcomes for patients.
A Penn State study found that female athletes with poor body image and excessive exercise schedules are more likely to experience menstrual irregularities, including transient infertility. The research highlights the importance of addressing psychological and behavioral factors alongside dietary and exercise habits.