A longitudinal study found that impulsive children are more prone to injuries, with those who overestimate their physical abilities experiencing more medical attention. The research suggests targeting vulnerable temperaments in injury prevention programs.
Research by Hirokazu Yoshikawa found that welfare recipients who received high levels of educational, job training, and center-based child-care assistance had higher earnings and better math and verbal achievement scores. The long-term support service approach also benefited the children themselves.
Research finds that nurturing and emotionally responsive parents, consistent discipline, and positive expectations for children's future are key factors in helping kids thrive in poor urban environments. Parents of resilient children reported better mental health and more support from friends and family.
A new study published in Health Education & Behavior found that children benefit most from sun safety interventions due to high lifetime exposure during childhood. Parents' sun safety habits strongly influence their children's behaviors, while recreation programs' policies are not significantly associated with parents' practices.
A Penn State study suggests that eating low-energy-density meals, which contain fewer calories per ounce and are rich in fruits, vegetables, or grains, can help individuals manage their weight while still feeling full and satisfied. The study found that the energy density of food, rather than fat content, plays a key role in satiety.
The Hobby-Eberly Telescope has successfully observed a distant quasar candidate, confirming its status and providing insight into the universe's early evolution. The instrument will also enable detailed study of objects in and near the Milky Way with the addition of two new facility-class spectrographs.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a technique that combines porous silicon with mass spectrometry to streamline biochemical analyses. The technique, called desorption ionization on silicon (DIOS), allows for the simultaneous testing of large numbers of compounds in a fraction of the time required by current methods.
A study of 12,330 men and women aged 45-64 found that those with high levels of white blood cells, albumin, or fibrinogen were at higher risk of developing diabetes. The research suggests that inflammation may play a central role in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
A recent study by University of Maryland researchers found that kidney transplants are more cost-effective than dialysis, even for the sickest patients. The break-even point for kidney transplants was 2.7 years compared to dialysis, saving $27,000 per year for each patient.
Biologists have discovered three new hotspots of high biological diversity in New Zealand, Southeast Australia, and Tasmania. The study found that the terrestrial flatworm, a humble but diverse species with over 822 varieties, can act as a model for understanding the distribution of lower invertebrates.
Polish parliamentarians have significant influence on legislative process due to their right to submit proposals. The Sejm's independence is crucial for its role in stabilizing relations with the presidency and government. Strengthening internal coherence and discipline is necessary for governing parties to maintain this independence.
A new nonsurgical technique using stent-graft placement has been shown to be effective in treating people with life-threatening aortic dissection. The catheter-delivered procedure involves inserting a wire mesh tube to force open and maintain the blocked aorta, reducing complications and mortality rates.
A new study predicts that regular anal Pap smear screenings can lead to early detection of pre-cancerous lesions and treatment of anal squamous cell cancer among high-risk men. The screening is estimated to be cost-effective, saving an average of $16,000 per year of life gained.
Researchers found that Thalomid significantly improved symptoms for two-thirds of patients with chronic, steroid-dependent or unresponsive Crohn's disease. Common side effects included drowsiness and peripheral neuropathy. The study suggests a Phase III trial using Thalomid to treat Crohn's disease should be conducted.
Researchers have discovered naturally occurring enzymes that can detoxify porphyrins, building blocks of haemoglobin, in a potential breakthrough for treating variegate porphyria. This rare disorder was passed down through the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II's first cousin Prince William of Gloucester.
A study found that patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) had a reduction in sticky platelets, which can contribute to heart problems. The researchers suggest that improved mood is the key factor behind this effect.
A new procedure called High PRA Rescue cleanses blood of harmful rejection antibodies, enabling six patients to receive successful kidney transplants from living donors. The innovative technique, combined with three new anti-rejection medications, has shown promising results in a two-week period.
Researchers developed smart concrete that changes electrical resistance in response to strain or stress, allowing for real-time vehicle weighing. The technology has the potential to reduce costs and increase efficiency in highway monitoring.
Three Johns Hopkins University engineering students build an air-powered hammering device that can deliver up to 45,000 pounds of force to test computer models predicting armored vehicle equipment durability. The device is part of a design project course and aims to improve the accuracy of simulations for real-world battlefield scenarios.
A study found that middle-aged men with higher testosterone levels are less likely to experience high blood pressure, heart attacks, and obesity. However, they are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and excessive drinking.
A new report outlining alternative funding sources for medical research will be released at a congressional briefing on May 25. The report suggests funding options and models that can be used in conjunction with the current appropriations process to secure sustained, long-term funding for medical research.
Researchers John Abrahamson and Peter Coleman successfully created stable fireballs in a mini tornado using liquefied petroleum gas, challenging existing theories about ball lightning. The experiment may have industrial applications and shed new light on unexplained UFO sightings.
Research by Cornell University reveals that genetically engineered corn, designed to protect against pests, can kill monarch butterfly larvae when they come into contact with its pollen. This has significant implications for the long-term survival of the monarch species, which is already facing habitat disruption and other threats.
The university will fund studies to enhance firefighters' exercise and nutrition, prevent eating disorders and drug use among adolescent female athletes, and test random, unannounced drug testing for high school athletes. Principal investigators Linn Goldberg and Diane Elliot will lead the research.
Dopamine receptor biology discovery may open new treatment avenues for conditions like schizophrenia and ADHD. The study shows a connection between dopamine, folate, and nerve cell membrane fluidity critical for normal cognition.
Alan Walker, a distinguished professor at Penn State, has been recognized by the British Royal Society for his groundbreaking work on human origins. He is one of forty-two new Fellows elected this year and was honored for his distinguished contributions to the world's knowledge of human origins.
Leaders from national parks, forests, and local communities visited the Idaho National Laboratory to share resources and expertise. The visit aimed to coordinate decisions and manage data between agencies, with a focus on regional transportation, infrastructure, and natural resource management.
A pilot study at Duke University Medical Center found that bupropion SR combined with a 1,600-calorie diet resulted in significant weight loss among non-depressed women. The study showed a 6.21% weight loss in the treatment group compared to 1.56% in the placebo group.
A combination of nefazodone and psychotherapy is more effective than either medication or therapy alone in treating chronic depression, with an 85% response rate. The study also found significant improvement in insomnia and early symptom reduction.
Recent feminism has brought deeper changes to specific sciences like medicine, anthropology, archaeology, biology, physics, and mathematics. Medicine has seen increased funding for women's health, such as osteoporosis and heart disease research.
A new color-coded chromosome mapping system devised by Julie R. Korenberg enables quick localization of known matching genes in humans using mouse DNA, greatly speeding up research into Down Syndrome and other human illnesses. The system has profound implications for the study of human diseases and the development of effective treatments.
Children between 2-18 years old had the best success with a five-year survival rate of 68%, followed by adults with Crohn's disease. Intestinal transplantation improves quality of life, reducing reliance on intravenous nutrition and hospitalizations.
The study found that the costs of treating patients in clinical trials were modestly higher than for those who opted for standard treatment, with an average total cost of $46,424. The authors recommend payment for patients' treatment in National Cancer Institute-approved clinical trials to improve access and patient outcomes.
After 20 years, NASA's Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite is nearing its scheduled June 23 launch. The project faced numerous setbacks, including the Challenger rocket explosion and budget cuts, but ultimately, Johns Hopkins University took over management and implemented cost-saving measures.
Researchers use ultraviolet lamps to create thin polymer films with precise patterns, reducing convection issues that affect film uniformity. These films have the potential to replace electronic circuits in all-optical computer systems, increasing efficiency and compactness.
A USCF study reveals that an herbal therapy, PC-SPES, significantly reduces prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels by more than 50% in men with advanced prostate cancer. The compound, containing eight Chinese herbs including saw palmetto, showed promising results in both hormone-naïve and hormone-resistant patients.
Scientists have developed sheets of single-walled nanotubes that generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. The carbon nanotube actuators work in aqueous environments, including salt water, and require small voltages to produce large length changes.
The American Psychiatric Association is establishing the first comprehensive guidelines for treating persons with HIV infection and AIDS. The new guidelines will focus on access to care, treatment adherence, education, prevention, and direct mental health services.
Abgenix's Phase II trial shows 56% of patients survived at least 100 days with high-dose ABX-CBL, outperforming low-dose cohort. The company plans a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for ABX-CBL after FDA approval.
A new study by UCSF researchers found that applying well-established business techniques to medical consultations improves breast cancer patients' treatment decisions. Patients reported higher levels of satisfaction, decision quality, and agreement with physicians about their treatment choices.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh found that infusing donor bone marrow into the thymus significantly reduces rejection rates, especially with multiple doses. The study also showed promise in pediatric heart transplantation, where the procedure is both safe and feasible.
Researchers found that a small peptide, IM862, showed significant anti-angiogenesis activity in a human clinical trial, resulting in major responses in 37% of patients. The peptide inhibits blood vessel formation and modulates the immune system, offering a potential treatment for Kaposi's Sarcoma with improved safety profiles.
The new device measures worker exposure to carbon monoxide and is more accurate than existing methods. It can be used as an occupational dosimeter or residential passive sampler.
Researchers have demonstrated a faster and safer approach to cancer vaccine therapy, producing encouraging results in melanoma patients. The new method involves using circulating white blood cells and moderate doses of IL-12, showing promise for treating advanced melanoma.
Researchers at Emory University found that 25 patients with depression failed to respond to conventional treatment showed significant improvement after receiving electromagnetic stimulation. The study suggests that rTMS may be a viable option for patients with treatment-resistant depression.
A new study of 27,050 kidney transplants reveals that the need for care within three years increases significantly as the number of mismatched surface markers increases. The cost of care rises by up to 34% with more mismatches, making well-matched organs a more cost-effective option.
A recent study reveals that nearly two-thirds of livers donated by children were transplanted into adults, despite an increase in pediatric donors. This has led to a shortage of organs for children, with alternative procedures like segmental grafts becoming more common.
Researchers have identified specific immune responses in patients treated with high doses of interferon alfa 2b to prevent melanoma recurrence. High-dose IFNa2b modulated the expression of MHC Class II antigens and increased natural killer cell activity, which may lead to better patient selection and therapy options.
Researchers analyzed emissions data from over 2 million vehicles in metro Atlanta, finding that aging vehicles release more pollution as they get older. Fuel-injected vehicles tend to deteriorate slowly, but with people driving longer, catastrophic failures are expected to increase.
A Montana State University study reveals that deer mice visit buildings for food, with a higher infection rate among indoor mice due to denser populations and viral transmission through urine and saliva. The research aims to develop a way of predicting mouse populations in buildings based on environmental factors.
The annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition will showcase advances and challenges in cognition, instruction, and learning. Experts will explore partnerships between psychology researchers and teachers to improve teaching methods and student outcomes.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute found that interferon alfa 2b significantly depresses the activity of internal enzymes breaking down narcotics and antidepressants. This may lead to overdose in cancer patients receiving these medications with IFNa2b.
A new product derived from a marine alga has been developed by Marine Polymer Technologies, which can induce blood clot formation and stop severe bleeding. The bandage is lightweight, easy to transport, and has a shelf life of up to two years, presenting less risk for disease transmission.
Researchers developed CMA-676, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting AML cells while sparing normal blood cells. The treatment produces mild side effects and induces remission comparable to standard chemotherapy regimens.
Researchers found that improving kidney function in majority of patients can be achieved by reducing cyclosporine dosage and adding mycophenolate mofetil, potentially slowing kidney deterioration. The study showed an improvement in kidney function in 37 patients over two years.
Hereditary colorectal cancer tumors with high microsatellite instability (MSI) levels show a lack of genes responsible for DNA mismatch repair, vital to DNA replication. This can lead to faulty repair and colon cancer development.
A new study reveals that women have a higher proportion of gray matter to cranial volume than men, while men have more white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. This difference is associated with sex differences in cognitive performance, particularly in spatial tasks.
Researchers found that vaccinated patients had a significantly lower chance of death and relapse compared to non-vaccinated patients. The THERATOPEO vaccine increased specific killing activity against cancer cells, leading to longer remission periods.
A UCSF study reports that melanoma patients with cancer spread to their sentinel lymph nodes have a greater chance of experiencing disease recurrence and mortality. The study found that patients with negative SLN biopsies had lower rates of disease recurrence and mortality.
A retrospective statistical analysis of patients with advanced breast cancer found no survival benefit from high dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant. The study analyzed data from over 1,300 patients treated in the 1980s and early 1990s.