A new model of HIV decline during treatment suggests that antiretroviral therapy drives HIV down to stable levels, varying with drug efficacy. The model proposes that significant numbers of CD4+ T cells become infected with HIV after treatment initiation, leading to a gradual decline in viral load.
Researchers have reported the highest and most stable electron emission densities observed to date, desirable for flat-panel displays and microwave amplifiers. The carbon nanotubes' sharp tip and chemical robustness contribute to their superior stability and uniform emission.
Researchers found that estrogen can reduce the risk of developing cataracts by up to 77%, with estradiol and estrone showing particular promise. The study used rats with induced ovarian failure to test the effects of different estrogens on cataract development.
A team at the Naval Research Laboratory has successfully demonstrated room-temperature operation of an interband III-V laser diode emitting at a wavelength beyond three microns. This achievement brings gallium-antimony-based technology closer to practical and portable mid-infrared systems needed for military and commercial applications.
The NIAID is spearheading a collaborative network to develop new ways of inducing immune tolerance, promising improvements in transplant success rates and treatment for autoimmune diseases. Researchers will conduct clinical trials using 'tolerogenic approaches' to selectively modulate the immune system.
Researchers have developed a suite of software tools called GETWEBS to design and evaluate broadband wireless systems. The project addresses key components of the wireless industry, including evolving technology, environment interaction, and system integration.
Researchers advocate for standardized examination techniques to improve physicians' precision and accuracy in screening for breast cancer. The study found that spending adequate time on the clinical breast examination (CBE) and using proper techniques can increase early detection of lumps in the breast.
A Mayo Clinic study found that a genetic defect known as long-QT syndrome may be the cause of many unexplained drownings. The research identified a genetic mutation in a 19-year-old woman who died after a near-drowning, and subsequent testing revealed that her mother and sister also had inherited the condition.
Researchers at the University of Chicago are developing new therapies to induce immune tolerance for islet transplants and autoimmune diseases. The grants aim to improve the success of transplants and treatments for type 1 diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Emory researchers verify the role of visual cortex in processing sensory information, including touch. The study reveals that visual imagery facilitates tactile discrimination tasks, such as distinguishing orientation via touch.
Researchers at NRL have created a new type of glass material for use in future opto-electronic devices, which could lead to advancements in optical sensors, miniaturized optical systems, high-speed communication components, and more. The material's properties are highly dependent on its layered structure and composition.
The SHOWEX experiment aims to better predict wave formation and severity, improving navigation safety at sea and weather forecasting. Researchers will use a range of instruments, including aircraft, craft, buoys, and subsurface sensors, to study wave components and their interactions.
Researchers find that African ants' pruning behavior increases colony life span, but harms host trees, sparking debate on ecological partnerships. The study sheds light on why weaker competitors can persist in diverse ecosystems.
Researchers at UNC-CH will investigate prostate cancer mechanisms, including the role of androgens, to develop a potential cure. The team aims to understand why black men develop prostate cancer twice as often as white men do.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have created a porous, rainbow-colored metal that acts like a prism, diffracting a spectrum of colors. The material's tiny holes are 20,000 times smaller than existing metal meshes and could be used to steer light in photooptic computer components.
Augusto Sola, a renowned pediatrician, will be honored with the E.H. Christopherson Award for his pioneering efforts in improving neonatal and perinatal care in Central and South America. He has developed training programs for healthcare providers and trained over 100 nurses and 200 physicians.