A recent study published in JAMA found that ginkgo biloba provides no measurable benefit in memory, attention, or concentration in healthy older adults. The study, conducted by researchers at Williams College, tested the effects of ginkgo on memory and cognitive function in 230 volunteers over 60.
Researchers found that mutations in muscle-cell caveolin cause defective filament assembly, leading to weakened pelvic- and shoulder-girdle muscles. Caveolae play a vital role in spatially organizing signal transduction at the cell surface.
A UGA research study discovered that genetic diversity is vital for maintaining ecosystem balance. The study found that reduced genetic biodiversity affects an ecosystem's predictability and nutrient release, highlighting the importance of conserving both species and genetic diversity.
The COSMIC satellite network will collect a global, 3-D data set, improving analyses of both weather and climate change. The satellites will probe the atmosphere using radio occultation to track temperature in the upper atmosphere and measure high-altitude electron density.
A study of nearly 22,000 infants found that only one case of seizures was linked to a low Apgar score and high umbilical cord acid levels. Seizures were common in babies born weighing less than 3.3 pounds, affecting 6% of those cases.
Scientists found that herpes virus uses regulators of complement activation (RCA) to evade the immune system. The study reveals that complement plays a crucial role in controlling persistent and latent infection, contradicting previous assumptions.
Scientists at the University of Massachusetts have developed a way to grow colonies of mutated head lice in a laboratory setting. This allows them to examine the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of resistance and monitor the frequency of mutations that cause resistance.
Dr. Vladimir Voevodsky and Madhu Sudan received the prestigious awards for their innovative contributions to algebraic geometry, number theory, computer science, and probabilistically checkable proofs.
A study found that St. John's wort significantly lowers blood levels of irinotecan's active metabolite SN-38 by 42%, decreasing detoxification and reducing overall antitumor activity. Patients receiving chemotherapeutic treatments with St. John's wort may need to increase drug dosage.
A new study published in Ambulatory Pediatrics found a strong correlation between social class and childhood health, with lower-income children experiencing greater symptoms of physical and mental illness. In contrast, higher-income children exhibited better risk-avoidance behaviors.
A new test for cyanobacteria toxins in freshwater systems could simplify testing, but results show the survival probability of female northern right whales is declining. The model suggests that preventing two female deaths per year could prevent extinction by 2202, with only about 300 northern right whales remaining.
A phase III trial found that darbepoetin alfa reduced blood transfusions by half and increased hemoglobin levels, while decreasing fatigue. The treatment also showed similar adverse events to those in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Scientists at Penn State have developed a voltage-controlled, two-color bipolar LEC that can produce yellow and red light, paving the way for efficient and stable full-color displays. The technology has high luminance intensity, efficiency, fast response time, and long-term stability, making it suitable for flat-panel applications.
A recent study suggests that breast cancer susceptibility gene may be associated with lower penetrance than previously estimated. Genetic counselors must consider multiple risk factors when predicting an individual's risk for breast cancer, as the presence of a BRCA mutation does not define her overall risk.
Newborn infants exhibit increased pain response after repeated painful procedures, learning to anticipate pain. The study supports efforts to decrease pain in infants undergoing medical procedures.
The study found that athletes' wives develop 'control work' as a coping mechanism, focusing on fulfilling their husbands' emotional needs, managing the family, or demonstrating domestic mastery. This helps them feel loved, needed, or validated.
A new study found that moderate red wine consumption is associated with higher levels of HDL cholesterol in regular drinkers. The researchers discovered that the fatty acid composition of these HDL particles may play a beneficial role in reducing cardiovascular risk.
The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma declined sharply in the mid-1990s, mainly due to AIDS treatment improvements. However, non-AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence has continued to rise.
Researchers at Hebrew University have developed a novel technique that uses an engineered virus to induce cancer cells to activate PKR protein, causing them to self-destruct. This innovative approach has shown promising results in halting the spread of brain tumors and offers a new direction for cancer treatment.
A study of Puerto Rican women found that their level of satisfaction with obstetrical care is significantly influenced by institutional settings, medical staff characteristics, and the continuity of care. Latino physicians are culturally sensitive, but their ethnicity does not affect patient satisfaction.
Researchers found no association between obesity and better mental health, contradicting the 'jolly fat' hypothesis. The study examined eight indicators of mental health in 1,739 participants over a decade, suggesting further research on nutrition's impact on mental state.
A new HIV vaccine candidate has shown promising results, targeting a shared characteristic of all HIV strains and generating antibodies that neutralize a wide range of isolates. The complex could serve as a useful model for HIV vaccine development, bringing researchers closer to their goal of developing an effective vaccine.
A new study found that flu vaccines can benefit healthy working adults aged 18-50 by avoiding lost work time and treatment costs. Hormone replacement therapy does not prevent or reduce the rate of developing heart disease, contrary to earlier studies.
Two new drugs, Dapivirine and R165335, have shown great promise in Phase I and II clinical trials against drug-resistant HIV strains. These compounds are derived from the dianilinopyrimidine family and have been tested as a viable candidate for treating AIDS in developing countries.
Researchers found that consumers' psychological state changes even if their economic state doesn't, with the magnitude of this 'order effect' increasing over time. The study has practical implications for marketers and regulators, who can influence consumer perceptions by altering the sequence of information presentation.
A study published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine found that journaling about both thoughts and emotions after a traumatic event can lead to increased awareness of benefits, such as improved relationships and personal strength. In contrast, focusing solely on emotional aspects may not produce similar benefits.
A new study analyzing over 7,000 pediatric autopsies found that nearly 60 specimens suggested diagnoses of metabolic disorders as the underlying cause of infant and child deaths. The most commonly detected disorders were medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and glutaric acidemia type I and II deficiencies.
The new Geocentrifuge Research Laboratory enables researchers to study complex processes at high speeds, accelerating environmental cleanup and geotechnical engineering advancements. Researchers will explore topics such as contaminant transport mechanisms and fluid flow in soil and rock.
Researchers at Emory University's Winship Cancer Institute are studying cellular responses to environmental stress to better understand how it contributes to cancer development. The team aims to characterize networks of systems that operate during exposure to DNA-damaging events, with a focus on DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways.
A study of 321 participants found that higher CRP levels are associated with increased coronary calcium and atherosclerosis, even after adjusting for traditional risk factors. The findings suggest a potential new link between inflammation and heart disease.
In 19th century US, religion was used to justify white superiority, fueling Manifest Destiny and racial hierarchy. This 'double fantasy' of common identity and divine mission ultimately clashed with social realities, revealing the complexities of White American identity.
The Center for Molecular Imaging will combine cutting-edge imaging technologies with new knowledge about genes and proteins to develop ways of seeing cancer as it begins, grows, and is killed. The laboratory discoveries made by its scientists could accelerate everything from diagnosis to the development of future medications.
Researchers found that indomethacin reduced postoperative tumor growth by up to 63% in female and male rats. The study suggests controlling pain and inflammation may be crucial in managing cancer patients undergoing surgery.
A study of 2,950 children found that in utero exposure to maternal smoking was linked to asthma and wheezing, with genetic susceptibility playing a significant role. Low body weight in COPD patients is also associated with greater muscle atrophy and poorer exercise capacity.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a system to remove hydrogen odorant using adsorbers, enabling the use of pure hydrogen in fuel cells. The system also addresses hydrogen storage concerns by utilizing a metal hydride system based on magnesium, which is stable up to 554 degrees Fahrenheit.
A two-day symposium on food irradiation will examine the effects on meat flavor, antioxidant levels in fruit juices, and packaging material migration into food products. Researchers will also investigate irradiation's impact on astronaut meals and items sent through the mail.
A study by Nicki Engeseth found that honey improves antioxidant levels in human blood, suggesting a mild protective effect against heart disease. The research also showed that darker honeys have higher antioxidant levels, which may inhibit the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria.
A Stanford researcher found that vaccinating the entire population and using antiviral medications on those who get sick benefits society. The study found vaccination strategies were optimal in 95% of runs, with treatment of flu patients also benefiting 85% of the time.
The American Sociological Association asserts that measuring race is essential for understanding its role in shaping social definitions, power relationships, and institutional practices. Despite biological research questioning its utility, sociologists argue that racial categories persist and influence daily life.
Duke University researchers used functional MRI to study the brains of neurologically healthy subjects while they tried to focus on a task. The results showed that emotional stimuli and attentional functions move in parallel streams through the brain before meeting up in the prefrontal cortex.
A USC study found that preventive occupational therapy significantly improves quality of life and reduces medical costs for seniors. The study involved three groups of culturally diverse adults over 60, with the intervention group showing marked improvements in physical and emotional well-being without increasing healthcare costs.
A recent study by Bridget Goosby suggests that maternal mental health and warmth can mitigate the negative effects of poverty on adolescents, while education plays a role in promoting self-worth. The study found that experiencing poverty between ages 0-4 has the strongest impact on early adolescent self-worth.
Researchers find Americans spend nearly half of their adult life single or in noncoresidential dating relationships. Women are more likely to spend longer periods in single status, especially after age 40.
A recent study examines racial divisions in assessment test scores and student outcomes, revealing that current practices are unfair to both black and white students. Using high-school class rank instead of test score yields fairer race and gender outcomes when assessing students for college admissions.
A synthetic compound called oxomate has been developed to target breast cancer, with promising results in animal tests and potential for a once-a-day pill or vitamin component. If confirmed, oxomate could offer an alternative to current treatments and provide benefits to those at high risk of cancer
The American Sociological Association's President emphasizes the need to study mechanisms driving social inequalities in the workplace. Researchers should focus on organizational and societal-level factors, such as design of work and promotions, to understand how ascriptive characteristics affect inequality.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have discovered a gene, PTF1p48, that plays a crucial role in the development of the pancreas. The study found that p48 is required for the formation of both exocrine and endocrine cells, which could lead to the production of insulin-secreting cells from embryonic or other stem cells.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a self-assembly technique that mimics natural processes to build designer polymers from modular parts. This method enables the rapid synthesis and modification of complex materials with predictable physical and chemical properties.
Research reveals a decline in childcare support for parents, particularly women, from the late 19th century to the end of the 20th century. The study highlights changes in family dynamics, including increased residential independence and declining household income.
Researchers are developing innovative devices that promise to simplify blood glucose monitoring, reducing the risk of complications such as blindness and kidney disease. A symposium will showcase advancements in noninvasive and minimally invasive blood glucose monitoring, including a 'smart tattoo' that glows to reveal glucose levels.
The study found that many low-income single parents experience close to full-time jobs with brief periods of lay-off or lower hours. They often struggle to make ends meet due to limited benefits from their employers, leading to a weaker safety net for children.
A study by Mark King and Andrew Cherlin reveals that 22% of low-income children have involved surrogate fathers who take on daily childcare responsibilities. The most significant predictor of this phenomenon is the mother's union status and age, with single mothers and young mothers more likely to have relative surrogate fathers.
The study highlights how low-income families struggle with health problems that significantly impact their ability to transition from welfare to permanent work. The researchers found that caregivers often neglect their own health needs to care for family members, and there are gaps in coverage and access to services.
Children with a common genetic variant exposed to maternal cigarette smoke in utero are more likely to experience respiratory problems, including asthma and wheezing. Researchers identified a link between the GSTM1 null genotype and increased risk of respiratory symptoms.
A study found that husbands attach a higher probability to working full time after age 62 compared to wives. Wives' pension wealth is less, but marriage provides financial security, influencing their retirement decisions.
A study by Seth C. Kalichman found that HIV-positive men who were sensation seekers were more likely to have unprotected sex, regardless of alcohol use. Alcohol also predicted unsafe sex, independent of sensation seeking. The study suggests cognitive approaches can help improve risk reduction interventions for HIV-positive men.
Researchers will analyze data to predict and control harmful algal blooms and red tides in Narragansett Bay, affecting marine life and local aquaculture. The study aims to enhance understanding of bay ecology needed for effective management and use of resources.
A study of 164 families with children having emotional disorders found that child functioning and caregiver well-being are closely linked. The effect of the child's behavior on caregivers intensifies over time, highlighting the need for long-term support services to help families cope.
A study found that tailored telephone and mail reminders increased mammography screenings in women over 51. The combination of both methods led to more than twice as many follow-up screenings compared to usual care.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a process to produce metal nanocrystals in large quantities at low cost, containing valuable nanocrystals in common machining processes. The discovery could lead to widespread uses of nanocrystals in various industries, including automotive and electronics.