A new method for producing ultraviolet (UV) light has been patented by Rutgers researchers, providing a more energy-efficient source with higher power and lower maintenance. The technology has broad industrial and commercial applications in the semiconductor, printing, and lighting industries.
A new study published in Neurology has demonstrated that the combination of clonidine and methylphenidate (Ritalin) is an effective treatment for children with ADHD and chronic tic disorders, with minimal side effects. The treatment was found to improve 'on task' behavior and attentiveness, while reducing symptoms of crying, frustratio...
A new study found that methylphenidate (MPH) is effective in treating children with both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tic disorders like Tourette's. The treatment was previously thought to worsen tics, but the study showed no increase in tics and even eased them in some cases.
Researchers have identified a receptor for the fifth taste, amino acid, which may aid understanding of how animals regulate nutritional intake. The discovery also has potential applications in the food industry, such as formulating new products with specific tastes.
Researchers at Immerge BioTherapeutics have identified miniature swine that do not transmit the pig retrovirus (PERV) to humans. The study characterizes three sub-classes of PERV A, B and C found in the herd of inbred miniature swine, showing consistent non-transmitting phenotypes.
A UT Southwestern study has found a link between Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria and asthma, suggesting that lingering infections may cause chronic respiratory issues. The research suggests that treating acute M. pneumoniae infections could help prevent later development of asthma.
University of Southern Mississippi researchers developed an agricultural-based paint using soybean oil or lesquerella oil, reducing toxic pollutants. The paint, American Pride, has potential applications in various industries and will benefit the state's economy.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center developed a new method using artificial neural networks to differentiate between two types of colon tumors. The study successfully diagnosed 12 out of 12 samples and reduced the number of genes necessary for diagnosis from 8,064 to 97.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a gene therapy approach that inhibits phospholamban, a protein blocking normal calcium flow in the heart. This treatment strategy has shown promise in improving contraction and relaxation in diseased cells.
Researchers found that patients taking Bupropion SR lost statistically significant more weight than those in the placebo group during a 24-week initial period. After 48 weeks, patients who received Bupropion SR continued to lose weight, with an average of 8.6% and 7.5% body weight loss.
A study by Prof. Kerem and Asaf Hellman found that chemotherapy drugs can cause chromosomes to break at specific regions, known as fragile sites, potentially leading to cancer growth. The research creates a better understanding of how cancer drugs work, paving the way for more effective treatments.
Researchers used x-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze the chemistry of wood decay in the Vasa, finding evidence of sulfur accumulation and oxidation. They recommend regulating environmental conditions and replacing iron bolts with inert materials to slow damage.
Hamsters exhibit less severe symptoms during winter due to reduced fevers and cytokine production, allowing them to conserve energy for survival. The study suggests a possible link between seasonal changes and immune response, with implications for human disease patterns.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found a link between nerve cell changes and the apolipoprotein E4 gene. Those with the APOE4 gene experienced more rapid loss of nerve cell functioning, leading to accelerated brain aging. This study may lead to new understanding of age-related memory loss and potentially sharper brains.
The researchers report that the rough sets method offers significant advantages in intrusion detection, including the ability to work with missing values and imprecise data. The team's study found an average classification accuracy rate of 75.68% for rough sets, compared to 69.78% for neural nets and 51.16% for inductive learning.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified chromosomal regions linked to the age at onset of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The study found evidence for age-at-onset genes on chromosomes 10, 1, 4, and 8, which could lead to new avenues of research to delay disease onset.
A recent decision by NIAID has halted a proposed Phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trial, citing concerns about the level of CD8 cellular immune response. However, a new trial will proceed with a similar vaccine combination, ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX, to assess its efficacy in Thailand.
A study published in Neurology found a link between blood doping and cerebral blood clots in cyclists. The combination of erythropoietin, growth hormone, and high-dose vitamin A use likely contributed to the condition.
The Aventis Pasteur statement emphasizes the continued development of its ALVAC vector as a preventive AIDS vaccine. The company remains committed to multiple trials using ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) and supports research into its therapeutic potential, with ongoing phase I/II studies underway.
Researchers warn that patients with testicular cancer are living long enough to suffer from life-threatening side effects, including cardiovascular disease. Studies found that nearly a third had abnormal heart function, while over 80% had raised cholesterol levels.
Researchers found that cancer patients tend to lower their expectations to match their reality, leading to decreased anxiety and depression. However, spouses of cancer patients experienced increased anxiety and depression due to unchanging life values and care-taking responsibilities.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that vitamin C intake was associated with a lower risk of developing early-onset cortical opacities. Women who consumed 362mg/day of vitamin C had a 57% reduced risk, while those using supplements for at least 10 years saw a 60% reduction in cataract risk.
The new sensor can detect specific biological agents even at trace amounts in air or water, enabling quick diagnosis and treatment in remote medicine scenarios. The device's optical-based system improves response time and enables personalized medicine through genotyping.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that women who gained weight after weight loss had significantly lower energy expenditure due to physical inactivity. To match their initial weight, these individuals would need to engage in at least 80 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per day.
The Center for the Study of Pharmacologic Plasticity in the Presence of Pain at Wake Forest will study changes in the spinal cord caused by certain medicines and their impact on pain sensation. The research aims to develop new, effective pain treatments for patients with nerve injury or neuropathic pain.
Researchers from Cornell University and the University of Arizona found that plant stem and leaf biomass are proportional to root biomass across various plant species. This discovery provides environmental researchers with clues to estimate global carbon sequestration in plants.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that hormone therapy for prostate cancer can lead to significant weight gain, increased body fat, and decreased muscle mass. Researchers suggest modifying diet and exercise may help mitigate these effects, but better drugs are needed.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that moderate alcohol consumption can lower cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. The researchers observed significant improvements in lipid profiles, with a greater benefit for those starting with higher levels of LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols.
Researchers found that early in HIV infection, CD8 T cells become unresponsive to HIV surface molecules, suppressing their ability to attack infected cells. This leads to a dominant immunosuppressive response mediated by the molecule TGF-beta.
Research suggests that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may help prevent chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers, in elderly female patients. Studies have shown a 35% lower risk of developing these wounds among HRT recipients.
The Chinese tallow tree is outcompeting native species in Texas prairies due to its ability to grow quickly and use nitrogen inefficiently. Researchers are studying methods to control the spread of the invasive tree using techniques such as fire, flooding, and fertilization.
The study found that restrained eating behavior was associated with lower risk of adult-onset obesity, whereas disinhibition was linked to increased weight gain. A high level of restraint attenuated weight gain even when there were high levels of disinhibition, suggesting a protective effect.
Researchers will study cellular changes, immune responses, and collagen production to develop more effective treatments for scleroderma. The NIH grants will complement existing investments in scleroderma research and bring scientists closer to finding treatments for this disease.
Research by Spruijt-Metz et al. found that maternal feeding practices are a strong predictor of childhood obesity, with controlling feeding strategies potentially interfering with children's ability to self-regulate their food intake. The study suggests that future obesity prevention efforts should focus on improving parental feeding b...
Huang will teach an MBA course and conduct research to assess the impact of information technology on supply-chain management in Portuguese companies. His previous research explored aggregate production planning models that reflect business practices and culture.
The Mayo Clinic study found that the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma or related cancers is approximately one percent per year, with larger M-protein levels increasing the risk. Patients with very small protein levels had a 14% progression rate at 20 years, while those with high levels had a 60% progression rate.
A UK study found that intensive 3-day training courses improve cancer doctors' communication skills, leading to better patient care and increased empathy. The training included structured feedback, role-play, and discussion, resulting in improved use of focused questions, open-ended questions, and expressions of empathy.
Scientists have found evidence that climate change began around 5000 years ago, with the onset of El Niño being a key factor. Analyzing fish bones, researchers discovered warmer temperatures in the past, which could be linked to changes in fishing resources and cultural complexity.
Researchers from Texas A&M University embark on a voyage to understand the abundance and diversity of deep-sea microbes, estimated to number between 10-30% of Earth's biota. The JOIDES Resolution drillship samples cores containing these microbes from previously drilled sites in the eastern equatorial and southeast Pacific.
A study published in The Lancet found that pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death among Afghan refugee women, with a mortality rate of 5.5 per thousand population. The study also highlighted the importance of rebuilding Afghanistan's health-care infrastructure to prevent further maternal deaths.
Researchers at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have created plastic LEDs that can efficiently produce near-infrared radiation, a crucial component for high-speed fiber optic communications. The new technology has the potential to cut costs and increase efficiency, paving the way for global networks in homes.
The Office of Naval Research has awarded $8.4M to 10 young investigators for their basic research in various science and engineering fields, including ocean circulation models, heat conduction, brain-inspired computing, microbial adhesion, mobile wireless networks, damage tolerance, weather predictions, and neuromorphic engineering.
A research team found that a small fraction of nerve cells in the retina express melanopsin, which detects light levels and regulates the body's daily cycles. These cells connect to brain areas controlling the clock and pupil response, suggesting a non-visual role for melanopsin.
A new MIT model proposes that cosmic explosions may be triggered by a cosmic tango between a black hole and its companion, a spinning torus of stellar material. The model suggests that the energy released during this dance could explain recent observations of gamma-ray bursts.
A Dutch study investigated treatment options for tennis elbow, comparing corticosteroid injections and physiotherapy. Corticosteroid injections showed significant improvement at 6 weeks, but high recurrence rates. Physiotherapy offered better long-term results with lower recurrence rates.
Northwestern University scientists developed a new DNA detection method that excels in sensitivity, selectivity, cost, ease of use, and speed. The technology can detect hundreds of pathogenic agents simultaneously and pinpoint single-base mismatches missed by conventional methods.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may help prevent venous leg ulcers and pressure sores in elderly women. Researchers analyzed data from over 45,000 patients and discovered a 35% lower risk of developing these chronic wounds among HRT users.
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Pre-term infants who received cycled light from birth and at 32 weeks postconceptual age grew more rapidly than those who received it later. The study suggests that a circadian environment is important for pre-term infants, and light can promote growth and healthy sleep patterns.
Researchers use diamond anvil cells to test bacteria's survival under extreme pressure, finding they can withstand conditions similar to deep ocean trenches and the deep crust. The study's findings raise questions about the impact of pressure on life's evolution and expand our understanding of potential habitable niches beyond Earth.
A new study links mothers' attitudes toward their child's eating habits with their child's obesity risk. Researchers found that mothers who pressure their children to finish everything on their plate have healthier, leaner children, while those who worry about their child's weight tend to have fatter kids.
Researchers found that nicotine withdrawal causes inflammation and similar biochemical responses as acute or chronic illnesses, potentially leading to depression, fatigue, muscle aches, and appetite changes. Anti-inflammatory treatments may alleviate these symptoms, increasing the likelihood of successful quitting.
Research reveals wheat contains antioxidants that combat free-radicals, potentially fighting cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Modified wheat strains with high levels of these antioxidants could be created to fight cancer through dietary inclusion.
Nanosphere has developed ultra-sensitive and specific DNA detection technology using electrical conductivity measurements facilitated by gold nanoparticle probes. This breakthrough can simplify traditional analysis procedures, reducing costs and increasing the speed of hand-held molecular testing devices.
Researchers found that Hispanics are increasingly targeted due to language barriers and stereotyping. The team developed educational materials, including a photographic storybook and videos, to educate people about ways to reduce crime victimization.
Researchers report significant improvements in patients with rare fat disorders who received leptin replacement therapy, including reduced triglyceride levels and liver fat accumulation. The therapy also controlled severe insulin resistance and improved blood glucose levels in most participants.
A new study maps prime regions for plant-eating mammals, revealing areas with high conservation value. The researchers predict that less than 1.2% of the earth's surface will support uniquely diverse grazing ecosystems by 2025.
The University of Southern Mississippi has received a $6 million grant from the EPA to conduct research on coastal waters using bioindicators. The four-year project will measure estuary health and develop predictive indicators for coastal managers.
Scientists discover that internal waves generated by the moon's pull at the Hawaiian Ridge can mix ocean waters at rates up to 1,000 times more intense than in areas without such topography. The measurements provide new insights into the global ocean circulation and nutrient cycles.
The partnership aims to speed up the design process by using advanced simulation and computerized component testing. Companies involved in the project include United Technologies, Visteon, John Deere, and Procter & Gamble.