A new nutrition education program designed for older adults with diabetes improved blood sugar control and reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease. The program, which included 10 weekly sessions, taught participants how to evaluate food labels and make informed dietary choices.
Di Ventra's award will support his work in computer simulations and theoretical models to advance the development of molecular electronics. His research aims to understand electron transport properties at the atomic level, enabling the creation of faster and more efficient electronic devices.
Professor Norman Pace believes life exists elsewhere in the universe due to non-equilibrium gases like oxygen and methane. However, he doubts Earth-like conditions on Mars and Europa can sustain life.
A study of 289 caregivers found that over 70% reported positive feelings towards caregiving, associated with reduced depression and better self-reported health. Knowledge of these positive aspects can help professionals identify risk factors and needs in caregivers.
A symposium at AAAS explores the gap between practitioners of science and the public, discussing efforts to promote general scientific literacy through community involvement and education. Researchers and educators highlight successful programs and strategies for effective outreach.
Research shows that lower dasher rates can produce ice cream with the same physical structure and sensory attributes as higher rates, reducing energy consumption and increasing efficiency. The balance of ingredients, including milk fat, emulsifiers, and air, is crucial in achieving desired quality and texture.
The application of military technologies and increased fishing effort have led to the depletion of marine species, with new technologies revealing previously inaccessible areas. To avoid extinction, experts emphasize the need for establishing networks of marine reserves to provide safe havens and protect habitats.
Researchers discover wheat proteins that modify ice crystal growth, improving ice cream smoothness. The discovery could lead to new ingredients and manufacturing processes for improved consistency.
Gretchen Daily proposes assigning economic value to ecosystems and incorporating those values into public policy. She argues that making conservation profitable is crucial for saving the planet from natural resource depletion.
Climate models predict significant temperature increases and sea level rise over the next century. The effects of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels will last for at least 100 years, regardless of current reductions.
A new study reveals that the catch of food fish species in the North Atlantic has decreased by more than half over the last fifty years, despite a tripling in fishing effort. This decline is attributed to the increasing pressure on marine ecosystems, leading to reduced productivity and mass extinctions among large predatory fish.
A study of Maya children in the US found nearly half are overweight and 42% are obese, with TV and computer gaming linked to a higher risk. The disparity is attributed to American acculturation and socioeconomic factors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has honored several individuals with prestigious awards, including William T. Golden for his lifetime achievement in science policy, Norman E. Borlaug for his Nobel Peace Prize-winning work on global food security, and Guenther Bauer for his contributions to international s...
Researchers developed new tests to supplement the SAT and GMAT, measuring practical and creative abilities. The results indicate that these tests can improve the ability of standardized tests to predict student success and reduce racial and ethnic score differences.
A Rutgers scientist is linking global climate change to changes in ice and snow cover, citing convincing evidence of warming trends. The scientist's data shows that the amount of snow covering in North America and Eurasia has been shrinking over the years.
Glacier melting and climate change are leading to sea level rises, with the world's glaciers shrinking faster than they did in recent millennia. The International Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) projections are considered too low due to glacier sensitivity and hydrological cycle changes.
Researchers in Alaska are studying a shift in shark populations due to climate change, with salmon sharks and Pacific sleeper sharks increasing in numbers. The declining number of sea lions, seals, and other pinnipeds suggests that top predators have shifted from orcas and pinnipeds to orcas, sharks, and decreasing numbers of the latter.
A brain imaging study has pinpointed cognitive mechanisms behind age-related memory difficulties and confirmed that certain factors can be reversed with the right guidance. Older adults have underutilized cognitive resources in the left frontal cortex that can be harnessed for more efficient memory processing.
Physicist Maria Spiropulu proposes a new reality theory that unifies gravity and electromagnetism. Researchers are using high-energy particle collisions to detect the signature of extra dimensions, which may reveal a mysterious sister world with compacted or finite dimensions.
A revised estimate of glacier ice loss suggests a 20% contribution to observed sea level rise, with some glaciers smaller than they have been in thousands of years. Glacier melting could contribute up to 0.65 feet to sea level this century, surpassing the IPCC's estimated 0.16-0.36 feet.
A study of recently bereaved older people found that those with weaker spiritual beliefs were more likely to experience depression symptoms. However, moderate believers showed that spiritual help can be beneficial in coping with loss, and strong believers demonstrated a strong sense of personal meaning.
Lawrence Livermore physicist Bruce Remington explores using lab astrophysics to recreate supernovae explosions, understand cosmic rays, and study black holes. Lab experiments also aim to probe planet interiors and gamma-ray bursts.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has named Dr. Etta Z. Falconer and Dr. James H.M. Henderson as recipients of the Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement. Both awardees have made significant contributions to increasing diversity among doctoral students in the sciences.
Borlaug's work in Mexico led to the development of high-yield, low-pesticide wheat, increasing crop production by 7000% in just a few decades. His efforts have since expanded to sub-Saharan Africa and India, helping small-scale farmers adopt improved agricultural techniques
Researchers found that the catch of key food species has decreased by over half, despite increased fishing effort. The impact has undermined the ocean's ability to sustain further catches, with invertebrates replacing large predatory fishes at the top of marine food webs.
Researchers develop algorithm to straighten arcs in a plane without parts bumping into each other. The breakthrough applies to robotics, antennas on satellites, and protein chains, offering insights for engineers and biologists.
The University of Michigan Medical School is addressing mounting clinical and economic pressures through its Innovations in Medical Education program. The four-part mission focuses on improving teaching in medical education, with research documenting increased productivity in publication and teaching effectiveness.
Researchers discuss biological and cultural factors behind global obesity trend, citing rapid urbanization and technology as contributing causes. Childhood malnutrition and stunted growth are paradoxically linked to adult obesity in many places.
Researchers found that cognitive training could improve memory performance in older adults by increasing activity in the frontal cortex, a region responsible for higher-level intellectual processing. This approach was more effective than simply providing support strategies to overcome non-selective recruitment of cortical regions.
Paleoanthropologist Geoffrey Clark questions the clear evidence for human 'replacement', suggesting that archaeological findings reveal a more complex mosaic pattern. He proposes an alternative cause for cultural and technological changes, linking them to population density and critical selection pressures.
As scientists search for life beyond Earth, the possibility of microbial disease-causing organisms emerging in new environments raises concerns. Experts like Salyers highlight examples of unexpected adaptations, such as Legionnaires' disease and Listeria monocytogenes, which can thrive in harsh conditions and cause human disease.
A new PET tracer, 11C-acetate, has been found to detect prostate cancer earlier and more accurately than 18F-FDG PET. This breakthrough may enable the detection of cancers that are currently undetectable by conventional methods.
Researchers argue that English should be the primary language for space travelers due to its international significance and potential for genetic diversity. Despite this, changes in vocabulary may occur during the journey, particularly with new words being coined and old ones falling out of use.
Researchers propose a 30% set-aside rule to ensure long-term profitability and prevent extinction of marine resources. This model, developed by Stanford Professor Joan Roughgarden, computes the best strategy for small-scale sustainable fisheries to optimize profit and social welfare.
The Pinatubo eruption validated computer-generated climate models demonstrating human-caused global warming. The sulfuric acid cloud altered winds and weather patterns, causing cooler summers and warmer winters worldwide.
A study by Rex Wright found that unfixed challenges, accompanied by strong incentives like money or status, increase cardiovascular responses, indicating intense motivational and emotional states. These findings suggest a potential link between chronically elevated cardiovascular responses and negative health outcomes.
Gene therapy has shown promising results in hemophilia trials, with patients experiencing significant improvements in quality of life. The treatment involves inserting a normal version of the defective gene to produce clotting factor, and has been tested in small animals before being moved to human trials.
Preliminary research suggests that flavanol-rich cocoa may play a role in nitric oxide synthesis, which could have significant implications for cardiovascular health. The study compared the effects of high-flavanol and low-flavanol cocoa on blood flow and platelet aggregation.
The CLPX aims to improve prediction of the hydrologic cycle and management of water resources. Scientists will collect snow data using skis, snowmobiles, aircraft, satellites, and microwave measurements to analyze snow water content, temperature, and crystal formation.
Research found that people who habitually sleep more than 8 hours a night and those who need daytime naps have a 50% increased risk of dying, with nearly three times the risk from stroke. The study suggests an underlying sleep disorder may be to blame.
Researchers propose a new paradigm that recognizes cooperation and affiliation as primary social behaviors in primates. They found that affiliative behaviors are 10-20 times more common than aggressive ones, devoting only 5-10% of their activity budget to social interactions.
A new study shows that 14-month-olds can imitate a novel means action modelled to them, but only if it's considered the most rational alternative. This indicates that imitation of goal-directed action is a selective interpretative process. In contrast, infants perform the 'hand-action' automatically, suggesting an emulation-like process.
Researchers found a shift in diet and personal ornamentation, such as beads, around 40-50 thousand years ago, which may indicate increased human population density. This change occurred simultaneously in Africa, Asia, and Europe, suggesting that modern humans did not expand from a single geographic location.
Origami is being used to develop new techniques for solving complex mathematical and computer science problems. Researchers like Robert J. Lang, Jeremy Shafer, and Eric Demaine are applying origami principles to create innovative solutions for real-world challenges.
The International Biodiversity Observation Year initiative has introduced innovative IT tools for biodiversity research. Researchers are utilizing technologies such as GIS, distributed databases, and genetic analysis to study global biodiversity issues. These advancements have accelerated species identification, decomposition process u...
Barbara McClintock and Rosalind Franklin's careers have been misinterpreted due to flawed media reports and biographies, says Lee Kass. Archived records have revealed that McClintock was not denied tenure at Cornell or the University of Missouri, contrary to popular claims.
The new ACS instrument will provide two times the observational area, resolution, and sensitivity as existing instruments, allowing astronomers to capture more objects in detail at a faster rate. This will enable research to probe deeper into the universe, potentially revealing direct images of planets in nearby solar systems.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified a new type of virus in an aborted calf, which is part of the calicivirus family that can infect various species. The discovery raises concerns about the potential spread of disease among livestock and its impact on public health.
Researchers discovered that domestic violence perpetrators exhibit faulty regulation of heart rate and vagal nerve activity when under stress. This dysregulation may contribute to their aggressive behavior and inability to control anger.
A study finds that deep-sea trawling is depleting populations of vulnerable fish species and invertebrates worldwide. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these species from extinction.
A report by Cardiff University shows that organic and agroecological farming can significantly increase yields for resource-poor farmers, improving food security and sustaining environmental resources. Case studies in India, Madagascar, Ethiopia, Brazil, and Bolivia demonstrate the potential of these practices.
A study of patients entering detoxification for alcohol and other drug dependence found that serious injury is common among those with alcohol dependence. The study suggests that problems with alcohol, rather than illicit drugs, are associated with increased risk of injury.
Scientists discuss advancements in predicting extreme weather events, analyzing changes in global snow and ice cover, and the challenges of global environmental monitoring. New data from NASA's Earth-observing spacecraft reveal complex patterns in climate change and its effects on our planet.
A diagnostic scan called capromab pendetide immunoscintigraphy can detect recurrent disease if it is localized to the area of prior prostate surgery or has spread to other parts of the body. The study found that this imaging tool is more sensitive than CT and bone scans in identifying the site and extent of disease recurrence.
Research suggests that chronic alcohol consumption leads to long-lasting brain changes that promote relapse. Stressful cues and environmental triggers also contribute to relapse drinking. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective treatments, such as medications and behavioral therapies.
Arterial blood lactate measurement can rapidly identify patients at risk of dying from paracetamol-induced acute liver failure, potentially improving transplant selection speed and accuracy. A modified criteria incorporating early lactate measurements could further enhance this process.
Researchers at the AAAS Annual Meeting discuss advancements in nanoelectronics, including mesoscale structures and single-molecule devices that could lead to more powerful electronic and computing devices. The development of these devices is dependent on a better understanding of dynamic behavior and circuitry.
A study by Dartmouth researchers found that restricting R-rated movies is associated with lower rates of adolescent alcohol and tobacco use. The study surveyed over 4,500 students in grades five through eight, showing a significant decrease in smoking and drinking among those who never watched R-movies.
A systematic review of prison populations in 12 Western countries found that prisoners were two to four times more likely to have psychosis and major depression, and about ten times more likely to have antisocial personality disorder. This suggests that mental health issues among prisoners may require increased attention and treatment.
A six-year study of over 1 million adults found that those who slept 6-7 hours a night had a lower death rate compared to those who slept 8 hours or more. The study, led by UCSD professor Daniel F. Kripke, could not explain the causes behind this association.