Researchers found that Arctic clouds and climate conditions produce a cooling effect, possibly offsetting global warming's effects. Cloud forcing, which depends on interactions among climate factors, played a crucial role in this process.
The new center at Dana-Farber will conduct therapeutic antibody research, providing high affinity human single-chain antibodies to support cancer research globally. Marasco's laboratory has constructed a large phage display library to quickly isolate antibodies against various cancer targets.
A new study found that global warming could lead to abrupt changes in climate and sea level, with potential societal disruptions. The researchers discovered an Antarctic melting event that raised sea levels by 70 feet in under 500 years, causing widespread warming in the Northern Hemisphere.
The SIRTF is designed to peer into deep regions of the universe not visible optically, providing clues to star and galaxy formation. With its infrared spectrograph, it will observe ultrafrigid stars and penetrate obscuring dust in the cosmos.
Charles J. Sherr and Dennis J. Slamon are being honored with the Landon-AACR Prizes for Cancer Research, recognizing their significant contributions to understanding mechanisms of cell growth control and developing targeted cancer therapies.
A new study identifies a genetic marker in blood samples that may indicate an increased risk of colon cancer. The researchers found that individuals with a family history of colon cancer, polyps, or personal history of the disease were more likely to have this marker in their blood.
A study found that less than 20% of patients read the information sheet before giving consent, highlighting the need for verbal communication supported by written information. Patients with limited educational background had difficulty understanding the information sheet.
Researchers have discovered a way to control 'badly' behaving neurons in Parkinson's disease, potentially easing symptoms and progression. By blocking potassium channels or eliminating the subunit using gene therapy, high-frequency spiking can be stopped, preserving normal neuronal activity.
The SNAP process creates high-density nanowire lattices with reported junction densities exceeding 1011 per square centimeter. Researchers can deposit wires out of almost any material and transfer them onto substrates for various applications, including molecular switches, sensors, and magnetic storage devices.
A team of researchers found a unique population of chimpanzees in the Goualougo Triangle that have had minimal or no contact with humans. The primates displayed curious behavior when encountered, but showed no signs of fear or aggression, suggesting they had not formed negative associations with human presence.
Research at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that sleeping six hours or fewer per night leads to significant cognitive performance deficits. Even if individuals don't feel overtly sleepy, chronic sleep restriction can impair neurobiological functioning and increase the risk of accidents.
This year's AACR honorees have made significant advances in understanding and treating cancer. The winners include Mario R. Capecchi, Ronald A. DePinho, Carlos L. Arteaga, Malcom F. Stevens, Martin J. Blaser, David S. Alberts, Graham A. Colditz, Janet D. Rowley, who will receive awards for their outstanding research in various areas of...
Researchers have discovered that spherical crystals develop unique 'scar' defects to compensate for the curved surface, allowing them to pack in place. The findings, supported by experiments with water droplets and tiny beads, provide insights into how such structures form and persist in nature.
Tube worm aggregations, created by Lamellibrachia luymesi, provide habitat for deep-sea animals with lower sulfide tolerances. These ecosystems persist for centuries, taking up high quantities of sulfide from seep sediments.
A new personal chemical agent detector has been developed using a hybrid of sensor technologies, offering high sensitivity and fast reaction time. The device is reusable, can differentiate between warfare agent threats and background environments, and requires minimal power.
A study found that selective hunting of male saiga antelopes for their horns is driving the species closer to extinction. The sex ratio has become severely imbalanced, with females outnumbering males by a ratio of 100:1, leading to reproductive collapse and population decline.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a stable, DNA-modified diamond film that can detect biological molecules with high accuracy. The sensor, which is about the size of a postage stamp, has the potential to be used in early warning systems for defense against biological weapons.
Researchers found that newly made vesicles immediately head to the cell membrane, bypassing older vesicles, which could have implications for diseases like diabetes. The study sheds light on the processing of vesicles in secretory cells and their role in secretion.
Toxin-resistant insects in Bt transgenic crops develop faster and have greater pupal weight, suggesting genetic benefits. Biochemical studies are needed to confirm potential nutritional effects of Cry toxins on resistant insects.
A NASA study clarifies the effect of strong volcanic eruptions on climate, particularly in the Arctic region. The research finds that tropospheric temperature change plays a significant role in strengthening the Arctic Oscillation.
Northumberland is renowned for its rich collection of prehistoric rock art, with up to 500 examples still existing in the field. A new website featuring the archive will display information at varying levels of complexity, providing valuable research and teaching resources.
A recent study by David Heeger and David Ress of NYU found that brain activity in the visual cortex corresponds to subjects' precepts, not the physically presented stimulus. This suggests that distortions occur at the first stages of brain processing and may shed light on conditions like amblyopia.
The National Virtual Observatory (NVO) has confirmed the discovery of a new brown dwarf, one of only 200 known to science. This breakthrough came from a computerized search of millions of astronomical objects in two separate databases, showcasing the potential of NVO to uncover new findings quickly.
SpeechGear's Compadre language translation technology offers simultaneous two-way translation of spoken language, generating written records and handling nuances of language translation. The system connects to a remote server for massive computing power, enabling seamless verbal communication with individuals speaking different languages.
In polygynous species, males copulate with several females that may later breed communally. This leads to offspring being more closely related through the paternal line.
Researchers discovered pulsar bursts coming from beachball-sized structures in the Crab Nebula, a cloud of debris from a supernova. The structure's small size is inconsistent with all but one proposed theory for generating radio emission.
Researchers at Binghamton University's IEEC are working on developing small-scale electronics, including microelectric mechanical systems and nanostructured materials. The goal is to create next-generation products with advanced technology, rather than lower cost manufacturing.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is conducting a clinical trial on a bio-artificial technology called ELAD, which uses functioning human hepatocytes to help patients with acute liver failure. The device has shown promising results in extending the lives of those awaiting a donor liver and may even allow the damaged liver...
The National Science Foundation approves a major change in LEPP's investigation into elementary particles, shifting focus to charm quark physics. Physicists will make precision measurements of the strong force using CESR and CLEO facilities.
Researchers found that Northwestern crows use passive strategies when stealing from relatives and become aggressive when targeting non-relatives. The study, led by Renee Ha and James Ha, observed 55 birds over 2.5 years and found that kinship significantly affects crow behavior.
The 36th Annual AAS Conference will address key themes such as suicide among adolescents, the 'Graying of America,' and male resistance to seeking help. The conference aims to reduce suicide rates through collaboration and expertise from researchers, clinicians, and specialists across various populations.
A new book by Phyllis Moen and Cornell University's Couples and Careers Study highlights the need for more flexible career paths to support dual-career couples. The study found that most two-career couples are experiencing stress due to managing multiple jobs, work schedules, and family responsibilities.
Researchers at University of California - San Diego develop new compound cidofovir analogs to treat poxvirus infections, showing effectiveness in preventing death and maintaining efficacy when given prior or after infection. The study found two compounds, HDP-CDV and ODE-CDV, to be most effective against lethal cowpox infection.
A new PCR device, called Razor TM , weighs only 8 pounds and can analyze 12 samples in 22 minutes running on battery power. This portable device has multiple uses in diagnostics and environmental testing due to its ease of use and portability.
The new study modeled earthquakes using computer simulations, finding that sections of the fault with increased material strength can focus energy to an unexpected degree. This results in intense bursts of seismic waves posing significant hazards to nearby structures.
A study involving over 500 female veterans found that workplace factors, such as superior behavior, were highly associated with the risk of sexual assault during military service. The research highlights the need for interventions and policies to increase the safety of women in the workplace.
Researchers found that obese baboons had normal leptin levels, indicating that high cholesterol and obesity are triggered by different mechanisms. The study's findings suggest that humans can get away with indulging in unhealthy habits without suffering severe health consequences.
Healthcare networks have struggled to deliver high-quality care at lower costs due to structural problems with information systems and functional failures in creating a new culture. Despite the potential for improved efficiencies, many networks have failed to address these issues, leading to under-performance on a national level.
Researchers found that administering interferon alpha and gamma intranasally provided nearly full protection (over 95%) against a lethal vaccinia virus infection in mice. This suggests potential implications for using interferons as a prophylactic tool in aerosol orthopoxvirus infections.
Researchers have identified unique gene expression patterns in human cells after exposure to 8 different biothreat agents, enabling rapid detection of potentially exposed individuals. The study's findings offer possibilities for utilizing host gene expression responses for early illness prediction.
A Mayo Clinic Proceedings study found that overall mortality is not increased among community patients with anorexia nervosa. However, deaths do occur, and further research is needed to define the association of suicide and alcoholism in these patients. The study adds to the knowledge of anorexia nervosa's long-term consequences.
The FKHR gene helps myoblasts fuse into muscles, but a deficiency contributes to muscle cancer. FKHR's dual role is regulated by different processes depending on the cell context.
Researchers developed a method using bacteriophages to deliver vaccine components, offering advantages over traditional naked DNA vaccines. The technique has significant production and storage benefits, making it an attractive solution for addressing sudden vaccine demands.
A study of 141 whiplash patients and 40 ankle injury patients found that whiplash pain was more frequent but similar in intensity to ankle injuries. Pain improved significantly over time, with most patients returning to work within a year.
A team of geologists has discovered a crab fossil within inches of a massive plant-eating dinosaur fossil in Egypt. The find, dating back to the Cretaceous Period, sheds light on the ecosystem where these species coexisted, revealing a diverse array of organisms including fish, sharks, and turtles.
This year's winners include Jacqueline K. Barton, Jillian A. Buriak, Linda K. Ford, Martha Greenblatt, and Madeleine Jacobs, who have made significant contributions to biomimetic chemistry, semiconductor surface chemistry, high school chemistry teaching, solid-state materials science, and encouraging women into careers in the chemical ...
Researchers genetically engineered tobacco mosaic virus to instruct spinach plants to manufacture protective antigen fragments, which can be easily purified and used in a vaccine. The resulting subunit vaccine has shown promise as a more efficacious and safer alternative to existing anthrax vaccines.
Researchers found a significant association between moderate caffeine consumption and reduced risk of Parkinson's disease in postmenopausal women who don't use hormone replacement therapy. However, high caffeine intake increased the risk of PD in women using HRT, suggesting an estrogen-caffeine interaction
A new anti-IgE antibody has shown promise in preventing severe allergic reactions to peanuts. The treatment increased patients' threshold sensitivity to peanut flour, allowing them to consume more without a reaction.
Researchers developed a treatment strategy that combines antibiotics to kill infection with protective antigen antibodies to prevent toxin damage, achieving 100% survival in animal models. The approach addresses the limitations of current antibiotic-only treatments, which only cure 50% of infected animals.
The MIT study concludes that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are not an environmentally friendly solution due to energy consumption and emissions. Hybrid vehicles, on the other hand, offer a more efficient approach, reducing energy use and emissions by a third compared to current vehicles.
A study found that depressed patients' brains respond differently to smells and visual stimuli compared to healthy individuals. The researchers suggest that alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala may contribute to the reduced sense of smell and intensified emotions in depression.
Researchers used PET scans to predict treatment response in OCD and depression patients, finding distinct brain activity patterns associated with improvement. The study demonstrates the potential of functional brain imaging to tailor psychiatric care, with implications for accelerating treatment discovery.
A study found that 11C-Choline PET scans were more sensitive in detecting pelvic lymph node tumors and accurately staged their development, with an overall accuracy of 93%. This technique shows promise as a safe, non-invasive method for prostate cancer patients
STERIS's Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) technology has been demonstrated to be effective in decontaminating large areas contaminated with anthrax spores. The process breaks down into water vapor and oxygen, producing no hazardous by-products or reactivity with other materials.
A study by sociologists at the University of Bristol found that young women in their 20s and 30s tend to hold traditional views on family life. Many prioritize motherhood and a close relationship with their mothers, even if they have career aspirations. The researchers also identified four distinct career patterns among young adults: '...
A long-term study found that administering oral antivirals reduced the risk of blindness and other serious eye effects in patients with eye shingles. Untreated patients experienced 8.9% adverse outcomes, while treated patients had only 2.1%. Timing of treatment also affected long-term outcomes.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have successfully created a line of transgenic chickens carrying a reporter gene that can be easily tracked. This innovation provides a valuable tool for studying embryo development and potentially leads to new insights into birth defects and improvements in human and animal health.
A new study found that calcification in heart valves is independently associated with an increased risk of heart attack and death. After adjusting for known risk factors, the researchers found that individuals with MAC were 50% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and 60% more likely to die from cardiovascular causes.
The University of Pittsburgh will conduct a new study on acupuncture's effectiveness in alleviating hot flashes, insomnia, and nervousness in breast cancer survivors experiencing menopause. The study aims to explore the potential benefits of acupuncture for reducing cortisol levels and promoting relaxation.