Textile researchers are uncovering secrets about ancient lives through chemical and physical analysis. Fragments of prehistoric fabric provide clues about the status, wealth, and cultural practices of individuals buried in North American archaeological sites. By studying these textiles, experts can gain a deeper understanding of the te...
Researchers found that individuals in a positive mood tend to have unreliable memories and poor critical thinking skills, while those in a negative mood provide more accurate eyewitness accounts. In contrast, a negative mood state triggers more systematic information processing, leading to superior thinking and communication skills.
The Masters of Chemistry Education program at Penn enables high school teachers to learn chemistry from researchers while working full-time. The 26-month program includes three summers, providing tuition scholarships and expanding a teacher's knowledge of chemistry.
Researchers discovered a link between aneurysm formation and the activation of an asthma inflammation gene. Blocking this pathway may prevent or slow aneurysm progression, potentially using anti-inflammatory drugs used in cardiovascular disease treatment.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new class of nitroxyl-releasing compounds that seem to strengthen cardiac contractions and relaxation in dogs with heart failure. These compounds, which produce nitric oxide (HNO), have shown promising results in early studies.
A University of Toronto study discovered precursor cells within the adult pancreas that can make new pancreatic cells, potentially providing a plentiful supply of beta cells for transplant treatments. The research also found that these cells can generate both beta cells and neurons, challenging existing dogma on development.
The Expressive Lighting Engine (ELE) is an intelligent system that allows game developers to use lighting to direct attention, create mood, and provide visual depth. ELE can guide players to important elements in 3D scenes by tracking eye movements, improving player success rates in identifying enemies.
Research suggests that individuals with asymmetrical body parts are more likely to show signs of aggression. The study found that men and women responded differently to provocation, with men using more force when ending a low-provocation call but women becoming more aggressive in high-provocation situations.
A Harbor Branch-led team of scientists discovered the world's first known fluorescent shark and collected strong proof-of-concept for a new unobtrusive deep-sea camera system. The team also found fluorescence from methane hydrates, which could lead to a new detection technique for this potential future energy source.
Researchers have discovered that serum albumin in Asian elephants plays a crucial role in transporting sex pheromones. The protein helps protect and extend the detection period of the pheromone, allowing successful mating to occur. This unique transport system is distinct from other mammalian pheromone transport systems.
The study found that USAMRIID's biosafety and medical management program effectively prevented laboratory-acquired infections, with only five confirmed cases in a fourteen-year period. The review emphasized the importance of vaccination and early evaluation of potential exposures.
Researchers discovered two small molecules that can block anthrax toxins, including edema factor and lethal factor. These compounds, Nitro10506-2A and DS-998, may lead to new treatments for the deadly disease, but further testing is needed.
The American Gastroenterological Association disputes the validity of a recent study suggesting that too many surveillance colonoscopies are being performed. The study, published in Annals of Internal Medicine, highlights the importance of determining the clinical significance of small polyps and notes the need for further research to ...
Researchers used computer models to locate areas where soil moisture influences rainfall, identifying common features known as 'hot spots'. These hot spots are found in transition zones between wet and dry regions, with implications for seasonal forecasting of rainfall and improving weather forecasts.
A double-blind, randomized trial found that first-line treatment with DETROL(R) LA significantly reduced urge incontinence episodes and improved bladder condition in women with mixed incontinence. The study also showed a higher proportion of patients treated with DETROL(R) LA reported treatment benefits.
Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are presenting their work on using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to detect carcinogens, study biomarkers for atherosclerosis, and develop novel drug delivery devices. AMS applications in biological research and soot production chemistry modeling will also be highlighted.
A Clemson University spin-off company has developed a new type of plastic made from polylactic acid derived from corn, which can replace up to 50% of chemicals used in regular plastics. This material could reduce 5 billion pounds of non-biodegradable plastics discarded annually and lower air pollutants.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a movie of the T4 virus infection process, revealing conformational changes in the baseplate that enable scientists to visualize the infection process. This improved understanding could lead to deeper insights into viral behavior and potential gene therapy techniques for human patients.
A study published in Psychological Science found that extra-curricular music lessons significantly improved IQ scores and academic performance in six-year-old children. The research, led by Dr. E. Glenn Schellenberg, showed that music lessons had a more pronounced effect on cognitive development than drama lessons or no lessons at all.
A comprehensive review of media reports and government documents reveals widespread failure of medical staff to uphold human rights standards at Abu Ghraib, including falsified records and coercive interrogations. The incident highlights the need for reforms to military medical services and a re-emphasis on principles of medical ethics.
Researchers found that adult members of the Pirahã tribe performed accurately with small sets of objects but struggled with larger numbers, indicating that their language lacks precise numerical representation. The study suggests that having the right linguistic resources can carve out one's reality and influence perception.
The TARGET study found that COX2 inhibitor lumiracoxib significantly reduces ulcer complications in osteoarthritis patients, but no significant difference was seen in cardiovascular events. Lumiracoxib showed a three to four-fold reduction in ulcer complications compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
A mouse model of Werner's syndrome reveals a link between aging and cancer development, suggesting that telomere shortening accelerates disease progression. The study suggests that genomic instability is a common denominator in both aging and cancer, with telomere length playing a key role.
A new study has identified 11 genetic mutations in SIDS cases, with a significant association found in African American babies. The study suggests that these mutations may contribute to the increased risk of SIDS in this ethnic group.
A study of 137 newborns found significant brain damage in 36% of early-born and 61% of term-born babies, suggesting that birth-related injuries are often overlooked.
A study found that atorvastatin reduced cardiovascular events, deaths, and strokes by a third in patients with type 2 diabetes without high LDL cholesterol. The results suggest statin therapy may be safe and effective for this patient group.
A new study found that undernutrition significantly contributes to the global malaria burden, particularly in children less than 5 years old. Well-nourished children are better equipped to fight and survive malaria infection.
A recent audit found that using diathermy in tonsillectomies increases the risk of postoperative haemorrhage, particularly in adults and procedures performed by junior surgeons. The study suggests that hot techniques should be used with caution and emphasizes the importance of training junior surgeons to control bleeding.
A study of 250 patients aged over 55 will examine whether prescribing GPs a supplement can help those with memory loss. Gingko may slow down dementia's degenerative process through improving blood flow and thinning the blood.
A team of scientists and volunteers counted fox faeces in 400 one-kilometre squares to estimate UK fox population, finding 225,000 adult foxes. Habitat features have a greater influence on fox numbers than hunting activities.
Researchers discovered a specific Mlo gene fragment in the genome of mutant barley, which enables plants to resist powdery mildew. The mutation is believed to have occurred less than 10,000 years ago in Ethiopia, highlighting the importance of preserving crop diversity.
Researchers have developed a C. elegans-based screening tool to identify novel protein regulators of a potassium channel involved in the heartbeat, which may help prevent arrhythmias and sudden death associated with blockage of the HERG gene.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a technique to produce organic molecules by attaching them to single DNA strands, which can then be used as a sequence-programmable assembly line for chemical synthesis. This method enables the selection and amplification of molecules with desired functional properties.
Researchers found that even minor temperature shifts in the deep sea can rapidly alter species richness and functional diversity. The study highlights the vulnerability of deep-sea fauna to environmental alteration, providing new insights into climate change's potential consequences.
Duke University researchers studied tree roots in place, finding they adjust anatomy and physiology to maximize water transport deep underground. The findings improve theoretical models of water transport within trees, revealing the importance of deep roots in efficient water flow.
Researchers found that residential development is the primary cause of sweetgrass scarcity, and basket makers support alternative management plans. They propose setting aside land for growing sweetgrass and working with island residents to access the resource.
Researchers discovered that muscles use acidosis to maintain proper nerve signal response, avoiding fatigue. By peeling away the muscle fiber's surface membrane, the team studied the effects of acidity on force response, finding it counteracts fatigue at a critical step in excitation-contraction-coupling.
The Panama Biological Survey (1910-1912) tracked fish migration between the Atlantic and Pacific slopes of Panama's Isthmus. New research finds that dispersal played a key role in increasing species richness in local freshwater fish assemblages, even after many generations.
The article explores the links between child care quality and children's development using ecological systems theory. Higher-quality care produces healthier development, and Marshall suggests integrating societal goals to support healthy families, economic self-sufficiency, and women's employment.
Scientists warn of international spread of antimalarial drug resistance, tracing mutations to South East Asia and recommending screening of passengers from affected regions. Artemisinin-based combination therapy may help slow the spread, but a coordinated global response is needed.
Researchers developed first mouse embryos without D-type cyclins, which sparked hope for anti-cancer therapy. The triple-knockout mice followed a normal course of cell division until late stages, contradicting previous theory and experiments.
Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology have discovered a novel filtration system that can efficiently separate proteins, a crucial step for pharmaceutical applications. The new technology uses a membrane with almost identical molecular weights for proteins, making the process more cost-effective and faster.
Neuropeptide S promotes arousal and anxiolytic-like effects, regulating sleep-wake cycles and anxiety. The discovery may help understand sleep disorders and pathological states of anxiety.
A study published in Neuron found that the activation of PKG-II enzyme is crucial for the internal clock to signal the completion of nighttime processes and enter the day. Disrupting this enzyme's activity leads to a significant phase delay in circadian rhythm, effectively forcing the clock back in time.
Physicians often recommend more frequent surveillance colonoscopies than recommended guidelines, citing clinical evidence and personal factors as influential. This may lead to unnecessary procedures, affecting quality of care and resource utilization.
A study conducted at the Mayo Clinic found that gastrointestinal endoscopy assistants, trained under supervision, can perform large-volume paracenteses safely and efficiently, with a median procedure time of two hours. The practice has been shown to save physician time without increasing patient risk.
Researchers have detected high levels of triclocarban in Maryland streams, with concentrations up to 5.6 micrograms per liter. Further studies are needed to understand the impact on aquatic life and potential human exposure.
A UCI study discovered a new brain protein, NPS, that regulates sleep and anxiety. The findings suggest that NPS can be a target for new drugs to treat sleep disorders and anxiety.
Researchers found that 70% of collisions occurred on just 7.7% of roads in the study area, highlighting the need for animal-friendly infrastructure. In another case, conservationists in Germany must reduce road mortality to make reintroduction of the Eurasian lynx effective.
Researchers at NIST and CU-Boulder observed strontium atoms forming a cubic structure, with atoms flying apart in formation due to a recoil effect. The phenomenon is caused by the atoms absorbing laser energy and rapidly cooling, resulting in the creation of a 'flying structure' visible through blue fluorescence signals.
A new study has found that patients with high levels of circulating tumor cells in their blood have shorter progression-free survival and overall survival rates compared to those with low levels. The presence of these cells can predict prognosis more accurately than other factors, allowing for more tailored treatment decisions.
A five-year-old girl with Ewing’s sarcoma had her leg turned into a 'knee' using rotationplasty to remove the diseased portion of bone. The procedure has improved limb-sparing surgery outcomes for children with cancer above the knee, with better function and durability.
Researchers use a novel chemical reaction in living mice to tag cells and attach tracer molecules to sugars on cell surfaces. This technique could help doctors pinpoint inflamed or cancerous cells for diagnosis. The method allows for the exploration of biosynthetic pathways and the examination of functional consequences.
A UK university study found significant brain damage in 36% of premature babies and 61% of full-term infants before labor began. This suggests that key signs were often overlooked during childbirth, leading to potential mismanagement of pregnancy and labor.
A team of scientists at Scripps Research Institute has discovered a new genetic component of the mammalian clock, known as Rora. This discovery holds promise for understanding circadian rhythms and their role in health and disease, including conditions like jet lag and sleep disorders.
The project aims to examine both natural and human factors that spread transgenes into non-engineered crops and natural populations. Biological scientists will collaborate with social scientists to develop a global model of gene flow, accounting for human and natural processes.
Scientists at UCSF discovered a new protein, SNF-6, that transports neurotransmitter acetylcholine away from the nerve-muscle synapse, potentially treating muscular dystrophy. The protein plays a critical role in clearing excess acetylcholine during intense muscle activity, preventing muscle degeneration.
The American Chemical Society has recognized four companies for developing innovative therapies for various ailments, including eye disease and high cholesterol. These breakthroughs were made possible by the work of industrial chemists and chemical engineers who have led to commercially successful products that improve quality of life.
The ACS Petroleum Research Fund has distributed over $420 million in grants, supporting groundbreaking research in areas like drug development, catalysis, and oil exploration. The fund's impact is evident in the careers of 19 Nobel laureates and thousands of students who have benefited from its support.
The INEEL's Ecological and Cultural Resources Department developed a computer program to integrate historical, archaeological, and anthropological research data. The Data Management Tool (DMT) helps archaeologists navigate detailed information, draw interactive maps, and predict where new artifacts might be found.