Researchers analyzed over 750 fossils to discover that modern humans experienced a quadrupling of survival rates among older adults. This trend is believed to have contributed to population expansions and cultural innovations, as well as strengthened social relationships and kinship bonds.
A study found that American ginseng reduced the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Additionally, researchers observed that only 57% of doctors followed standard hand hygiene practices, with factors such as high workload and risk for cross-transmission affecting compliance.
Researchers develop a new technology using low-frequency wide band Rayleigh waves to detect cracks in rails at high speeds. This technique could transform every train in the country into part of a 24-hour network of rail crack detectors.
A recent study found that high levels of perceived parental supervision were linked with reduced gonorrhea and chlamydia infections in African American female adolescents. The study, which recruited 158 adolescent females aged 14-19 years, discovered a correlation between high parental supervision and lower incidence rates of these STDs.
A study published in Critical Care found that severe sepsis affects around 5% of cancer patients hospitalized in the US, resulting in a mortality rate nearly five times higher than non-cancer patients. Early antibiotic treatment could significantly improve cancer survival rates.
Researchers at The Burnham Institute have determined the crystal structure of the anthrax-cell binding complex, offering new leads for the discovery of antitoxins. This breakthrough also provides insights into using anthrax toxin as an anti-tumor agent, with potential applications in treating cancer.
Researchers solved the puzzle of the molecular structure of the protective antigen protein and CMG2 bound together, providing clearer targets for shutting down the anthrax toxin's entry into cells. This detailed image also points to a potential new tumor treatment using a genetically modified anthrax toxin.
Scientists used gene therapy to deliver RNA that silenced the disease-causing SCA1 gene in mice with spinocerebellar ataxia 1, preventing neurodegeneration. The approach also protected brain cells from destruction and prevented protein clump buildup.
A meta-analysis of 293 studies found that stress affects immunity in distinct ways, with short-term stress boosting natural immunity but chronic stress weakening it. Chronic stress is particularly damaging, especially for older or sick individuals, while acute time-limited stressors enhance quick energy-efficient responses.
Scientists are investigating the effects of stereotype threat on cognitive function, particularly in women and minority groups. The study aims to understand the physiological processes underlying these impairments and develop strategies to help affected groups cope with social stigma.
Artificial viruses are used as standards in research labs to check analysis methods, but measuring their concentration is challenging. NIST scientists now use neutrons to measure the amount of RNA in these 'fake' viruses, allowing for more accurate detection of real viruses at early stages of infection.
Researchers found that individuals with early AD who participated in a 3-to-4 month cognitive rehabilitation program showed significant improvements in face-name recognition, mental processing speeds, and time-place orientation. The study suggests that people with early AD can be taught techniques to help stay engaged in everyday life.
Changes in land use have implications for disease distribution and human health, with activities like deforestation and urban sprawl contributing to the spread of Lyme disease and malaria. The report calls for policy changes and research investments to address these issues.
A study of over 3,200 older adults found that even occasional exercise can significantly reduce the risk of death from heart disease and other causes. Physical activity was found to improve survival rates by 28-40%, depending on frequency and intensity.
The study found that a lack of universally accepted supply chain standards costs the auto industry over $5 billion annually and the electronics industry almost $3.9 billion. The lack of interoperability leads to duplicated efforts, redundant systems, and inefficient processes.
The project aims to discover how the integrated community worked, how families interacted with each other and their involvement in the Underground Railroad. The team has found artifacts consistent with the time period of New Philadelphia, including broken dinnerware, iron nails and hardware.
The number of pediatricians in the US has more than doubled since 1978, with a higher concentration in wealthier states. This disparity affects access to care among children in poorer states.
Recent advancements in microchip lasers and optics have improved LADAR systems' speed of data acquisition, range accuracy, and reliability. LADARs are now used to generate topographic images, survey large bodies of water, and document construction sites.
The NIST investigation found working hypotheses for WTC 1 and 2 collapses, key visual observations from photographic and videographic images, and insights from computer models and first-person interviews. The report also summarizes laboratory fire tests and experimental work on steel recovered from the WTC.
Researchers found that bone marrow cells can differentiate into epithelial cells under normal circumstances, suggesting a new mechanism of transformation. However, the exact mechanisms behind this process are still unclear and require further investigation.
Researchers found that black test-takers who retook the GED exam had a significant increase in pass rate, from 52% to 73%, while white test-takers saw a pass rate increase of 78% to 90%. The study suggests that allowing students to retake high-stakes exit exams can have a positive impact on low-skilled test-takers.
A study by Brown University researchers found high prevalence of life-threatening and contagious infections among incoming inmates. Nearly 20% tested positive for hepatitis B, highlighting the need for vaccination to prevent transmission upon release into the community.
A recent BioScience article highlights that decades of fire suppression may have been overly criticized, and climate has a significant impact on fire spread in high-elevation forests. The studies also reveal how invasive alien plants can dramatically alter fire regimes, proposing a scheme for evaluating the dangers of these invasions.
A new treatment using radiofrequency ablation has been shown to be effective in eliminating kidney tumors, with complete ablation achieved in 83% of patients. The treatment is particularly promising for patients who are not ideal candidates for surgery due to other health-related conditions.
Karol Zyczkowski and Wojciech Slomczynski found that citizens in different EU countries will have unequal influence on Council of Ministers decisions. They propose a fairer solution called the Jagiellonian Compromise, where voting power is proportional to population, giving smaller states equal weight.
Researchers have discovered a potential immunotherapy strategy for cancer treatment by reactivating specific memory T cell subsets from cancer patients. These activated cells effectively recognize and reject xenotransplanted autologous tumors, reducing tumor size in mice.
A new study by The Wistar Institute suggests that the MYC protein binds to a large percentage of genes without activating them. This discovery raises questions about MYC's other functions and potential tissue-specific controls.
A national partnership of public health organizations is launching a new initiative to educate the public on the need to stay involved in monitoring and maintaining healthy pools. The Healthy Pools campaign aims to correct misconceptions about swimming pool health, offering tips on recognizing risky facilities and promoting cleaner pools.
The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft has successfully landed at Saturn, providing unprecedented insights into the planet's rings, moons, and atmosphere. The four-year mission will explore Titan, Saturn's largest moon, and shed light on the origin and evolution of planetary systems.
The study found that three players died during the 2003 season due to direct injuries suffered on the field, while seven others died from natural causes related to strenuous exercise. Coaches need to prioritize player safety by ensuring they get enough water, taking regular cooling breaks, and monitoring temperature and humidity levels.
Theoretical physicist Robert J. Scherrer proposes a model that explains dark matter and dark energy as two sides of the same coin, using an exotic form of energy called scalar fields. This unifying idea avoids previous problems and could potentially explain the mysterious phenomena.
The study found that low- and intermediate-risk MDS patients benefit from delayed bone marrow transplantation after diagnosis, while high- and intermediate-risk patients may maximize overall survival with immediate transplantation. This research provides valuable insights for managing myelodysplasia patients.
A team of scientists used artificial life to study evolution and diversity in nature, finding that there are limiting effects of productivity in finite environments. This research provides insights into the ecological relationship between environmental productivity and species diversity.
A clinical trial in Cameroon shows a generic fixed-dose antiretroviral tritherapy to be as effective as conventional therapies, with good patient compliance and high quality of the treatment. The treatment, which costs $20 per month, is well tolerated and provides a cost-effective solution for HIV treatment in developing countries.
Researchers from Indiana University have identified adult type stem cells that can be grown in large quantities and easily modified with genes. These endothelial progenitor cells show promise as a new gene therapy tool for treating circulatory problems, such as diabetes-related amputations and heart attack repair.
A laser-based microscopy technique has confirmed and redefined the controversial 'astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle' hypothesis for brain energy metabolism. The study reveals that neurons and astrocytes interact to burn oxygen and glucose, with astrocytes providing lactate fuel after glucose is converted from the bloodstream.
The absence of platelet-activating factor receptor in mice with induced menopause leads to improved bone mineral density and volume. Osteoclasts are responsible for PAF's mechanism of action, and inhibiting PAF receptor function reduces bone resorption.
Farid's algorithm uses statistical clues to detect tampering in digital images, making it harder for people to manipulate photos. The technology has the potential to prevent fake photos from influencing public opinion and trust, especially in news reports.
Researchers have developed spiraling glass fibers that impart a chiral character to light by polarizing photons. These fibers can be used as sensors for pressure, temperature, torque, and chemical composition, while also enabling the manipulation of polarized light in various applications.
Researchers have identified a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer using a blood test that accurately predicts the presence of the disease in 93% of cases. The study suggests that lysophospholipids, found in high levels in most ovarian cancer patients, may be used to develop an early detection strategy for this devastating disease.
A new mouse model study identifies the connection between maternal immune activation and reproductive hormone secretion systems, linking them to pregnancy loss. The researchers found that an inflammatory response caused by activated CD40 receptor led to embryo resorption due to decreased progesterone levels.
A new study found that almost 60% of children with asthma during the pre-pubertal period continue to experience wheezing episodes after the onset of puberty. Obesity at age 11 was also associated with a threefold increased risk for persistence of asthma, according to researchers analyzing data from a longitudinal birth cohort.
Researchers found a 31% greater number of nerve cells in the thalamus involved with emotional regulation, leading to physical enlargement and structural abnormalities in individuals with severe depression. The study suggests that brain development abnormalities are responsible for depression.
Researchers propose using plain language and better organization to present Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) to pilots. This could help reduce confusion and improve flying efficiency, leading to increased safety for pilots and passengers.
A new mouse model reveals that early pregnancy loss is triggered by the immune system's interference with reproductive hormones, specifically progesterone. This finding may contribute to human infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, providing a potential target for therapy.
Scientists have defined the protein components of DNA repair machinery that allows it to recognize and correct mismatches. The system uses a clamping mechanism to regulate an enzyme that excises faulty DNA strands.
The Lancet discusses new design changes to the journal, including open-access policies and electronic document posting. The article also explores various HIV/AIDS strategies for developing countries, including expanded access to treatment and prevention efforts. Researchers emphasize the importance of local solutions and community-led ...
A study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found MDCT angiography successful in pediatric patients with an 83% technical success rate. The procedure's advantages include speed, lack of sedation, and low contrast volume, making it a safer alternative to conventional angiography.
A study of 100 patients found that 16-MDCT and electron beam CT were almost equivalent in detecting coronary artery calcifications. The new technology offers thinner slice images, overlapping image reconstruction, and reduced breath-holding time, while still being comparable to the gold standard in terms of calcium scoring.
Scientists Gary Bokoch and colleagues discovered the mechanism by which Rac is released from RhoGDI, revealing a critical role for p21-activated kinase (Pak) in regulating cell motility. This breakthrough offers insights into tumor growth, immune responses, and neurological diseases.
Fetal MRI is less dependent on variables like amniotic fluid volume and fetus position compared to sonography, making it a more reliable method for detecting cleft lip and palate. Soft palate defects can also be visualized on fetal MRI, which is essential for predicting potential complications after birth.
The Global Fund's performance-based payment system is challenging for recipients and sub-recipients to meet, hindering disease control intervention scaling-up. Experts call for clearer guidelines, improved coordination among donors, and simpler funding systems to achieve the Fund's goals.
A recent study found that nearly 28% of radiology claims went unpaid, with lost revenue exceeding $20 billion annually. The study suggests that managed care companies are pocketing these funds, limiting patient access and forcing physicians to cease participating with tardy payers.
The study shows that 3D MDCT angiography can quickly diagnose vascular injuries and fractures, reducing the need for X-ray examinations. It also helps identify musculoskeletal masses and their associated vasculature, facilitating preoperative planning and minimizing hemorrhagic complications.
A study by University College London reveals that the brain distinguishes between self and non-self by comparing information from different senses. Volunteers were immersed in an illusion where a fake limb was placed in front of their hidden hand, triggering feelings of ownership.
A team of researchers has discovered that people with cystic fibrosis (CF) actually have very little mucus in their airways, contradicting long-held assumptions. The study suggests that the substance clogging CF patients' lungs is pus and that mucus may protect the airway from infection.
Research shows that children who survive ALL have a higher rate of genetic mutations, which can lead to increased risk of developing secondary malignant neoplasms and other complications. The study found that the number of genetic mutations accumulated over the course of treatment and remained elevated after completion.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology published significant studies in the July 2004 issue, shedding light on innovative treatments and technologies for various eye conditions. These groundbreaking findings have the potential to transform the field of ophthalmology and improve patient outcomes.