Researchers from the University of Maine have found evidence suggesting that changes in Peruvian fisheries occurred centuries before modern fishing practices. The study used archaeological data from ancient fish processing sites and correlated these shifts with El Nino climate patterns.
The Mayo Clinic discovery sheds light on the cellular mechanisms behind Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a growing global problem related to affluence and diet. Early signs include accumulation of fat in the liver, inflammation, and scarring, which can lead to impaired function.
A new map reveals that the USA's impervious surface area equals Ohio's, with significant environmental implications. Increased ISA affects ecosystems, alters stream channels, and degrades wetlands, impacting biodiversity and climate change mitigation.
A study found that liver damage risk varies by gender and drinking pattern. Women are more susceptible, especially when not eating with alcohol, whereas men's risk depends on frequency and amount of drinking.
A study of 167 men with chronic prostatitis found that the condition incurs substantial direct and indirect costs, with procedures, tests, and healthcare visits accounting for a significant portion. The average annual cost per person was $4,397, with work loss valued at an additional $551.
A multi-state E coli outbreak has been linked to fast-food beef tacos, with inspectors finding a flaw in only one restaurant's meat handling. Potential solutions include a new tracking system and increased monitoring of patients for symptoms such as bloody diarrhea.
Elderly individuals with chronic illnesses like depression, bipolar disorder, and severe pain are at increased risk of suicide. Researchers found that treatment for multiple illnesses also strongly correlates with an increased risk of suicide in this population.
A study found that men with high trait anger and low anger control are more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior when intoxicated. Researchers examined 164 healthy male social drinkers and found that those with high trait anger levels were associated with increased aggression, but only among those who reported low anger control.
Researchers discovered specific retinal cells are predisposed to becoming tumours due to genetic mutation removing protective barriers. The study found three types of cells resistant to cell death and continued dividing despite the defective gene.
A new technique for preserving fertility in young women with cancer has been successfully used on eight female patients. The method involves removing immature eggs from the ovaries, maturing them through in-vitro maturation (IVM), and freezing them for later use.
The Case School of Medicine will oversee the Mt. Sinai Center for Medical Simulation, reducing medical errors that result in 100,000 deaths annually. The center will offer training for students and healthcare professionals using innovative simulation technologies.
Researchers found that over half of COX-2 patients take aspirin, leading to a loss of GI protective effects and increased risk of bleeding. Patients should consider alternative NSAIDs or proton pump inhibitors for added protection.
A new study published in Archives of Ophthalmology suggests that daily eye drops can significantly reduce the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in African Americans by nearly 50%. The study recommends periodic eye exams starting at age 40 for high-risk individuals.
Scientists found that a protein inside the rabies virus can enhance the immune response against foreign proteins, enabling the creation of vaccines against other infectious agents. The technique could lead to the development of longer-lasting vaccines against diseases like anthrax.
The TIGR president discussed the significance of finding anthrax toxin genes in a naturally occurring microbe other than Bacillus anthracis. The study found these genes in a virulent strain of Bacillus cereus, suggesting natural horizontal gene transfer may have occurred.
Flameout in nonprofit sectors can occur when personal control structures fail to work well, leading to destructive behavior such as embezzlement or sexual misconduct. Self-regulation and board action are crucial to prevent such destruction and maintain trust in the sector.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that parental reports of ADHD symptoms are as accurate as those from teachers. This breakthrough could help design better clinical trials for pediatric ADHD medications. The research supports the use of parental reports in assessing child behavior and response to treatment.
Researchers genetically modified mice to lack the CT or PEMT pathways, resulting in significant reductions of lipoproteins and homocysteine levels. This suggests pharmacological inhibition of PC manufacture in the liver as a potential approach to lower LDL cholesterol and homocysteine levels.
Researchers found that students can quickly learn and recognize words in a new language, with brain activity showing rapid changes after just 14 hours of instruction. This contradicts the common notion that learning a second language is difficult and time-consuming.
Research suggests that bilingual individuals can maintain their attention and reaction time better than monolingual counterparts as they age. Bilingualism was found to attenuate the age-related decline in cognitive processing efficiency, particularly in tasks requiring inhibitory control.
Researchers developed a new technique to test hundreds of different biomaterials at once, improving the growth and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough allows for more efficient screening of materials and could lead to breakthroughs in tissue engineering and synthetic skin production.
The UN University estimates that the number of people living in flood-prone areas will double by 2050 due to extreme weather systems, rising sea levels, and deforestation. This would put an additional 1 billion people at risk, with devastating consequences for global economies and human security.
Researchers used 3D technology to map the electrical pathways in patients with atrial flutter, revealing additional abnormal circuits that could be missed by conventional methods. Radiofrequency heat energy was then used to destroy these tissues, curing the patients and improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that despite conflicting visual and tactile inputs, the brain keeps them separate, leading to 'cognitive dissonance.' The study used a visual illusion to trick subjects into perceiving motion in one direction or another. Brain activity scans revealed the middle temporal visual center responding to both visual and tact...
Research challenges previous findings on higher hematocrits achieved through epoetin treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. Cotter's analysis suggests that the current spending on Epogen dosages may not be justified, considering the lack of evidence supporting its survival benefits.
Theoretical physicists propose a new test to verify string theory, which could provide support within two years. The test involves detecting the gravitational signature of leftover cosmic strings from the universe's creation.
Knudson was awarded the basic sciences prize for his role in establishing the theory of tumor suppressor genes, which opened a new horizon in modern cancer genetics. His work holds implications for both treatment and prevention, and has led to advances in understanding human cancer.
Asthma researchers at Yale discovered a new protein, AMCase, that contributes to inflammation in the airways. Blocking this protein may provide relief for humans with asthma, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood.
Research by Boston University's Tigga Kingston and Stephen Rossiter found that large-eared horseshoe bats are diverging into three sizes and using distinct echolocation calls to locate insects. The findings suggest that sensory ecology may play a key role in speciation, with the harmonic differences affecting communication and mating b...
Researchers discovered that ferroelectric materials can maintain stability even at incredibly small thicknesses, opening doors to the creation of smaller devices. This breakthrough is significant for applications such as sensors and memory systems.
A new clinical trial demonstrates that treating migraine with Relpax during mild pain provides greater efficacy than waiting for pain to become more severe. Patients who treated early experienced significantly higher two-hour pain-free rates compared to those who waited.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new method for transferring non-contact energy to nanocrystals from a quantum well. This enables the efficient production of light with controlled color, opening up possibilities for hybrid quantum-well/nanocrystal devices and applications in solar cells.
The partnership aims to enhance Peruvian research capacity in biomedical research, including lab-based and fieldwork. The project will cover research ethics, health economics, and train local researchers, physicians, biologists, nurses, and students.
A new study published in Ecology Letters suggests that El Niño impacts ecological dynamics in the Northern Hemisphere. The research found concurrent effects of NAO and ENSO on the long-term dynamics of a natural population, including the globally threatened White-headed Duck in Spain.
Researchers found that increasing soil depth and volume leads to increased species occupation and complementary biodiversity effects. The study suggests that intercropping may benefit from deeper soils, but soil erosion could reduce these benefits.
A University of Arizona researcher estimates that Colorado River water divertions result in a $2.4 billion annual loss to society, primarily due to the absence of natural flood control and wastewater treatment. The study suggests including an environmental impact fee in water prices to support ecosystem restoration in the delta.
Researchers have successfully mapped the genomes of two devastating fungal pathogens, Phytophtora sojae and Phytophtora ramorum, which causes sudden oak death disease. The genome sequences will aid in developing better detection methods and tracking the spread of the disease.
A study found that high nutrient levels lead to increased rams horn snail populations, which in turn cause more parasite infections and deformities in frogs. This research may help explain the recent increase in amphibian malformations and suggest control strategies.
A UK study has shown a substantial reduction in stroke incidence over the past 20 years, with age-adjusted occurrence of first stroke decreased by around 30%. The decrease is associated with increased use of blood-pressure lowering and cholesterol-lowering drugs, leading to significant reductions in related risk factors.
Researchers discovered a consistent link between marine productivity off western North America and millennial-scale climate change in the North Atlantic. The study found that changes in subsurface nutrients concentrations were driven by wind patterns at low latitude, overturning previous theories on bottom-water oxygen levels.
A new study suggests that early hormone therapy can increase survival time by up to 14 years for men with aggressive prostate cancer, compared to those who delay treatment. Prostate cancer affects over 220,000 men annually in the US, with approximately 30,000 dying from the disease each year.
Research reveals that European trees are limited in their ability to track climate changes, with many species occupying less than half of their suitable range. This limitation is attributed to dispersal restriction, suggesting that most species will struggle to adapt to future warming.
Research suggests that volcanic eruptions created nutrient-rich soil on Maui and the Big Island of Hawaii, allowing early Polynesians to sustain intensive sweet potato farming. The study's findings challenge previous assumptions about Hawaiian agriculture and highlight the importance of volcanic geology in shaping the islands' ecosystems.
A study found that a compulsory second opinion from another obstetrician reduced the incidence of non-emergency caesarean sections by around 7% in Latin American hospitals. The intervention did not affect maternal and infant outcomes, but is well accepted by pregnant women and attending physicians.
Severely ill children in low-income countries face high mortality rates due to inadequate referral systems. Researchers found that two out of three children referred from health centers could not reach hospital, highlighting the need for improved patient costs, stricter IMCI referral criteria, and empowered healthcare centers.
G-Line is a world-class facility dedicated to Cornell research and education in technology, biology, and materials science. The facility features three new hutches for graduate students conducting experiments with X-ray beams.
Researchers found that high levels of lead and cadmium in adults were associated with a 2.8 times greater risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Smoking was also found to increase the risk of PAD, possibly due to cadmium's damage to blood vessel linings.
A new study on fruit flies found that reducing insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) signalling pathway in fat tissue extends life by up to 50%. The system, which governs longevity, is likely to be conserved in humans. Increasing dFOXO levels in fat cells also extended lifespan and reduced fertility.
The African monsoon has two distinct seasons: a late spring season strongly influenced by sea surface temperatures near the Gulf of Guinea, and a later summer season driven by African Easterly Waves. The waves play a major role in this summer season monsoon rainfall.
Patients with diabetes, females over 70, or obesity are more likely to develop postoperative mediastinitis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Identifying these risk factors enables the design of preventive strategies.
The Gemini South telescope has been coated with a silver layer to reduce thermal emissivity, allowing for deeper views of star formation, galaxies, and black holes. This results in improved detection capabilities for objects obscured by heat radiating from the telescope.
Researchers found that patients who fell were more likely to suffer injuries if they needed to use the toilet, highlighting the need for regular bathroom trips. The study recommends ensuring assistive devices like canes and walkers are available in hospital rooms and expanding assisted bathroom visits for high-risk patients.
Restoring carbon in degraded agricultural soils can significantly improve crop yields and global food security, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, soil has a finite capacity for holding carbon, and widespread adoption of recommended management practices may reach its limits within 50 years.
Research reveals that humans can't pump enough blood to meet the demand of highly trained muscles during exercise, leading to hypotension. This finding has implications for understanding reduced exercise tolerance in pathologic conditions and may guide new therapeutic approaches.
Recent studies sponsored by GSK have shown mixed results for paroxetine's safety and efficacy in children. The company faces criticism for 'off-label' prescribing, despite a lack of published trials demonstrating its benefits. GSK is urged to disclose all relevant documents related to paroxetine use in minors.
The event honored Dr. Steven Almo, Dr. Sunney I. Chan, Dr. Ronald W. Davis, Dr. Pehr A. B. Harbury, and Dr. Robert J. Lefkowitz for their outstanding contributions to biochemical and molecular biological research. Dr. William L. Smith also received the ASBMB-Avanti Award in Lipids.
Researchers retrieved clues to ancient ocean chemistry and global greenhouse gas accumulation from 130-million-year-old sediments. The study provides a high-resolution record of seawater sulfate changes, shedding light on the interactions between the Earth's atmosphere, land, and ocean systems during the Cretaceous period.
A German Border collie named Rico demonstrated a vocabulary size comparable to that of language-trained apes, dolphins, sea lions, and parrots. The dog learned the names of unfamiliar toys after just one exposure, using fast mapping abilities similar to those seen in human language acquisition.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have developed a method to organize small gold nanoparticles into linear chains with controlled interparticle spacing, essential for creating electronic and optical applications. The technique uses DNA as a template and has high reproducibility, tolerance for structural defects, and high yield.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that overexpressing a selenium-containing enzyme in mice led to insulin resistance and obesity. The researchers suggest that antioxidants, like selenium, may be harmful by neutralizing free radicals necessary for insulin signaling.