A new study examines the complex relationships between pagans, historians, and heritage managers at Stonehenge. The research reveals a need for open and transparent dialogue to address conflicting demands and interests.
Researchers warn that live flavivirus vaccines can recombine, resulting in new microbes with undesirable properties. The use of these vaccines requires international approval due to safety concerns, including increased virulence, disease development in compromised individuals, and birth defects.
A new thermodynamic theory, Constructal Law, enables designers to balance flow resistances in complex systems, leading to more efficient designs. The law provides a mental vision of design evolution and helps engineers make informed decisions about resources and money.
A recent study published in Neurosurgery found that administering clot-dissolving medication directly to the site of blockages resulted in a 50% success rate in reducing neurological disability, compared to 39% with IV treatment. The intra-arterial therapy showed better results in re-opening blood vessels and improving stroke outcomes.
H. Eugene Stanley is honored for his innovative and original research on disordered systems, aggregation, and phase transitions. His work has also applied to complex networks, including those related to biology and terrorism.
Researchers have identified a protein, fibulin-5, that inhibits the sprouting of new blood vessels, which is crucial for cancer tumor growth. The findings suggest that fibulin-5 may be an effective cancer therapy and could also serve as a diagnostic tool to detect cancer status.
Researchers discovered that Salmonella bacteria can alter the lipid composition of a vacuole to avoid destruction by a lysozome, allowing it to survive and replicate rapidly. This remarkable mechanism may lead to new targets for therapeutic strategies to control food poisoning and typhoid fever.
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a molecule that uniquely blocks a key bacterial enzyme, RNA polymerase, starving it and killing bacteria. The discovery sets the stage for developing novel antibacterial drug designs and could lead to applications beyond drug design.
The study reveals that mice lacking the Mus81 protein are fertile and can help monitor health more closely. Researchers explore whether the mutation is tied to human tumour formation, allowing for targeted treatment strategies.
The survey found that salaries have grown by 4% since 2001, with median academic salaries at $76,000 and outside academia at $88,000. Life scientists in universities and self-employment report high job satisfaction rates, while those in pharmaceutical industry receive lower marks.
A recent study found that adding natural mycorrhizal fungi to synthetic fertilizers can significantly improve plant growth while reducing pesticide use and water consumption. Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Communications discovered this inexpensive additive makes better use of fertilizers, saving money and improving the environment.
Researchers at University of Illinois have developed a technique to print single-crystal silicon objects onto flexible plastics, enabling high-performance thin-film transistors. This approach separates silicon processing from component fabrication, allowing for integration with various materials and large-area formats.
Research finds that rosiglitazone effectively treats PCOS symptoms, while valproate increases incidence of PCOS in women. Carotid artery thickness is also linked to increased risk for heart disease in women with PCOS. Furthermore, sleep apnea may increase risk for diabetes in women with PCOS.
A small but statistically significant improvement was found in arthritis symptoms among patients given atorvastatin compared to those on placebo. The study suggests that statins could be used to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The editorial emphasizes the importance of adolescent participation in identifying problems and devising strategies for improving health. Key findings include slow progress in specialist health services for adolescents, but also highlight the need for non-judgmental information, education, and accessible services tailored to their needs.
Researchers at Hebrew University create gold-tipped nanocrystals that offer a solution to problems of building nanoscale transistors and electronic circuits. These nanodumbbells provide strong chemical bonds between the gold and semiconductor, leading to good electrical connectivity.
Low thyroid hormone levels affect an estimated 40,000 pregnant and 1.6 million nonpregnant women in the US, with 3.1% of reproductive age women having low levels. Targeted screening before pregnancy may prevent developmental issues.
Archaeologists have found three unusual markings carved into rocks near Rothbury, Northumberland, including a small heart shape and a stylised human face. The origin and meaning of these marks remain unknown, with experts speculating they could be as young as 100-250 years old.
Researchers found that GBV-C infection slows HIV growth and increases survival in HIV patients. The harmless virus boosts immune proteins, which prevent HIV from infecting cells.
Researchers found that alum triggers the accumulation of Gr1 cells in the spleen, which prime B cells and facilitate their response to vaccines. The discovery sheds light on how adjuvants like alum enhance vaccine effectiveness.
Researchers have developed new tests that can detect trace amounts of common tree nut allergens, such as almonds, cashews, and walnuts. These tests could lead to more accurate food labeling and reduced risk of cross-contamination in processed foods.
A six-year study found that early therapy for moderate to severe COPD exacerbations hastens recovery time, reduces hospitalization rates, and boosts health-related quality of life. British researchers' prospective study demonstrated the importance of timely treatment on COPD exacerbation outcomes.
A meta-analysis of 33 trials found that continuous use of asthma drugs increases airway inflammation and decreases bronchodilator response, while also posing cardiac risks for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The studies suggested that pharmaceutical company sponsorship may be a factor in the conflicting results.
The Global Justice XML Data Model, released in Version 3.0, enables efficient data sharing between federal, state, and local agencies. By providing a common language and vocabulary, the model allows for automatic translation of information across different systems, facilitating faster response to potential criminal and terrorist activity.
Scientists discover a comet with broad mesas, craters, pinnacles, and canyons on its surface, contrary to expectations of a dark dust-covered comet. The surface's unique features suggest that most impacts were absorbed or vented into space, making it possible to clearly see the crater formations.
Hurricanes stimulate phytoplankton growth, leading to increased chlorophyll levels and carbon dioxide absorption. Bigger storms cause larger blooms, affecting the upper ocean's ecology and potentially influencing climate change.
A study suggests that CO2 fertilization may be transferring enough carbon from the atmosphere to the soil to balance the global carbon budget. Kevin Harrison's research found a CO2 fertilization factor of 1.18 for a white oak ecosystem, which could have significant implications for understanding the impact of climate change.
The Stardust mission encountered a swarm of large and small particles as it passed within 146.5 miles of the comet's nucleus, exceeding its goal of collecting at least 1,000 samples measuring one-third the width of a human hair or larger.
A new study highlights the significant burden of environment on child health in Europe, with outdoor and indoor air pollution, inadequate water and sanitation, lead exposure, and injuries causing substantial deaths and disabilities. The findings emphasize the need for interventions to reduce children's exposure to unsafe environments a...
A new study reveals that improved nutrition can prevent over half of the world's child deaths every year. Researchers found that even mild undernutrition increases a child's risk of dying from diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles by two-fold. Investing in child nutrition interventions could save millions of young lives.
A new method developed by UK researchers allows for accurate prediction of a woman's remaining reproductive life-span based on ovarian volume measurements. The technique uses mathematical models and computer analysis to estimate follicle numbers, providing a direct assessment of ovarian reserve.
New radiocarbon dates show that mammoths became stranded on St. Paul Island about 13,000 years ago due to rising sea levels. The island's small size limited the ability of mammoths to sustain a permanent population, contributing to their eventual extinction.
Recent studies have highlighted promising new treatments for obesity, including rimonabant's effectiveness in treating the condition. Additionally, researchers have discovered a lack of gut hormone PYY3-6 in obese individuals, leading to increased food intake and potential health risks associated with obesity.
Researchers have discovered a promising treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer that reduces excess androgen levels and improves menstrual cycles. The study showed significant benefits in insulin resistance and ovarian function, offering new hope for women with PCOS.
A study of 1423 women aged 18-75 reveals that DHEAS, total testosterone, and free testosterone levels decline sharply in the early reproductive years. In contrast, androgen levels do not change during natural menopause. The findings highlight the importance of understanding hormone levels in women across all ages.
The University of Chicago High Rate Detector will study the physical, chemical and dynamical properties of trapped Saturnian dust. The instrument is capable of detecting 100,000 particles per second, measuring particles ranging from human hair to smaller particles.
Maya Ahmed developed methods to construct Franklin's squares and others of the same type, with applications in computer programming. She discovered a way to reconstruct Franklin's three original squares and created new ones that obey the same rules.
Researchers found that women over 35 have limited chances of conceiving naturally, with only half the number of births made possible through assisted reproduction. The study suggests that women under 35 should be patient, while those over 35 should consider more aggressive fertility treatments.
Researchers found that high school students, both athletes and non-athletes, use anabolic steroids and body-shaping drugs regularly. Students with a higher grade-point average tend to use less drugs, while those with lower GPAs are more likely to use these substances.
Physicists at NIST have successfully teleported key properties of one atom to another without physical link, achieving a 78% success rate. This breakthrough technique may enable faster computation speeds and increased efficiency in quantum computing applications.
By transferring vasopressin receptor genes into meadow voles, scientists observed a strong preference for current partners, mirroring the behavior of prairie voles. This study provides evidence that changes in a single gene can profoundly impact social behavior in animals.
A new treatment using genetically engineered thyrotropin alfa eliminates the need to withhold thyroid hormone medication after thyroidectomy, reducing symptoms of hypothyroidism. The study shows that patients can be treated effectively without experiencing unpleasant side effects.
Researchers apply Darwinian principles to optimize car setup for better performance. The study uses genetic algorithms to combine the best settings of Formula One cars, resulting in a 0.88-second lap time improvement.
Removing abdominal fat by liposuction did not improve insulin sensitivity or reduce risk factors for heart disease. However, the procedure was found to be safe for large-volume fat removal.
A recent study found that B-cell targeted therapy significantly reduced arthritic symptoms in patients, with improvement lasting over a year and sometimes up to three years. The treatment has shown promise in breaking the cycle driving the disease, but further studies are needed to ensure its safety.
A new USDA study has identified the top sources of antioxidants in food, with fruits like cranberries and blueberries leading the way. The study found that lesser-known foods like Russet potatoes, pecans, and cinnamon also contain high levels of antioxidants.
Researchers found a strong correlation between low DHEAS levels and reduced desire, arousal, and responsiveness in women under 45. The study suggests that low DHEAS may be a more accurate indicator of low libido than testosterone levels.
The VALUE trial found no difference in cardiac disease between valsartan and amlodipine, but patients on valsartan had lower rates of hospitalization for heart failure and type 2 diabetes. Early blood pressure control was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers found that AML patients with abnormal chromosomes during remission are more likely to relapse and have a shorter survival. This suggests that routine testing for chromosomal abnormalities may be necessary to predict long-term outcomes in these patients.
Researchers suggest Martian and Utah rocks formed underground when minerals precipitated from flowing groundwater, providing clues to the origin of 'blueberries' discovered on Mars. The study also sheds light on the search for evidence of past life on Mars.
Researchers at UC Davis are developing a new cancer treatment that uses ultrasound to steer tiny capsules carrying cancer-fighting drugs to tumors. This approach aims to reduce the toxic side effects of current cancer treatments by concentrating the drug directly in the tumor.
A study published in Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that blocking hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) significantly impairs tumor growth by damaging the vascular microenvironment. The tumors were smaller and had thin-walled, lumenless blood vessels compared to control mice.
Biologists discover a candidate hybrid compatibility gene that exhibits functional divergence, confirming its status as a true speciation gene. The findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of reproductive isolation, which is crucial for defining species.
A study published in Child Abuse & Neglect found that home visiting programs failed to identify risk factors and connect families with necessary resources, despite showing some positive outcomes. The researchers recommend better training for home visitors and improved coordination with community organizations.
A study led by Dr. Susan Brundage found that students are turning away from surgery due to its grueling workload and lack of flexibility. The profession demands a minimum of seven- to eight-year commitment, including extensive training in trauma surgery.
The study established four principles of olfactory system development: without sensory activity there is no full maturation, a sensitive period influences organization maturation, sensitive periods occur at different times for different receptors, and glomeruli may be innervated by multiple nerves during early development.
A study by UCSD and Brazilian biologists found that bees can use scent markings from other species to find food. This ability allows aggressive stingless bee species to take over food sources previously discovered by competitors, providing a clear evolutionary advantage in scarce floral resources.
Researchers at UNC have identified a critical role for the flt-1 receptor in regulating sprouting angiogenesis, a key step in blood vessel formation. The study's findings may lead to new therapies for conditions like coronary heart disease and diabetes.
A new study by Cancer Research UK found that common mutations in genes regulating estrogen metabolism are not associated with breast cancer risk. However, a separate study suggests that inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) activity may be a target for future gastric cancer treatments.
The Penn State team has developed a cheaper microbial fuel cell that produces more electricity from wastewater, with the potential to power small devices. The new design uses carbon paper instead of a proton exchange membrane, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.