A Canadian study found that breast cancer patients who participated in clinical trials had a 60% lower risk of dying, compared to those who did not. Larger treatment centers also showed better survival rates, attributed to participation in research.
Researchers used gene expression analysis to measure the activity of thousands of genes in adult T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. They identified a single gene, IL-8, that was highly expressed in resistant patients and found a group of 30 genes associated with complete remissions.
Researchers identify tar balls as a new form of carbon pollution that absorb sunlight and contribute to atmospheric heating. Unlike soot, which forms chains and clusters, tar balls are individual spheres without internal structure.
Research suggests that novelty-seeking teenagers are more vulnerable to cigarette smoking due to common behavioral elements. Anti-tobacco campaigns targeting this trait may prevent these teens from smoking.
A study found that buprenorphine significantly reduced cocaine and heroin use in individuals addicted to both drugs. Participants who received the highest dose of buprenorphine experienced a 95% decrease in cocaine metabolite levels, while those who received the lower dose saw a 92% decrease.
A randomized, controlled study found that a Project ALERT program significantly reduced new cigarette and marijuana use among seventh-grade students. The program modified student attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana, resulting in lower rates of binge drinking and overall alcohol abuse.
Scientists studying lava lakes on Io believe they may be similar to mid-ocean ridges on Earth, generating new crust through volcanic activity. This similarity suggests that Io provides insight into Earth's primitive history.
Research found frequent demand/withdraw patterns in parent-adolescent communication linked to low self-esteem, high drug use, and poor health outcomes. Parents should focus on constructive strategies for dealing with everyday conflicts rather than just discussing serious issues.
A recent study found that invasive North American populations of garlic mustard were outcompeted by those from native European populations. This suggests the species has evolved to be less competitive due to a lack of strong competitors in invaded habitats.
A new disc replacement device has shown promise in relieving neck pain and restoring mobility, according to a recent study. The device simulates the function of a natural cervical disc and allows patients to move their head up and down and from side to side without significant limitations.
The article discusses the ongoing threat of rabies in Africa and Asia, where dog rabies epidemics hinder control efforts. Mary Warrell highlights the importance of addressing this issue through improved surveillance and vaccination methods.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has verified the accuracy of four world-class optical frequency rulers, a crucial step towards developing ultra-precise atomic clocks. These clocks are expected to be 100 times more accurate than current systems.
A recent study reveals that Caribbean reefs have suffered an alarming 80% loss of coral since 1980 due to various disturbances. However, team members have identified signs of new coral growth in some areas, including Jamaica, suggesting a potential path towards recovery.
A field experiment in Belize found that removing a beetle and a fly significantly lowered parasitism and increased abundance of insect species with shared natural enemies. This confirms the theory of apparent competition, crucial for understanding tropical forest biodiversity.
A mathematical equation called the Bruun rule is being misused to predict future beach erosion due to its complexity and limited applicability. Experts argue that the rule has never been shown to provide accurate predictions, even under ideal conditions.
A South African doctor is criticizing the government's prioritization of arms deals over women's health, citing a lack of investment in breast cancer care. The doctor urges developed countries to apply political pressure to help build better breast cancer care in Africa.
Birds in French Guiana have plumage that matches their environment, with colors similar to the canopy and understorey to avoid predators. Ultraviolet is used for conspicuous signals to select mates, with males displaying more patterns than females.
A survey of Swedish breast cancer patients found that women prefer follow-up visits at breast centers rather than with their GP, but want more time for discussion. The study suggests that nurse-led follow-ups could increase patient satisfaction and reduce healthcare costs.
Recent breast cancer trials using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) reported results early due to significant advantages over tamoxifen. However, Dr. Martine Piccart argues that this can lead to unanswered questions about long-term efficacy and side effects. She proposes new guidelines for better data collection and risk-benefit analysis.
A new study found that women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who undergo conservation treatment have a similar rate of survival compared to those who undergo mastectomy. Close monitoring and regular screenings are crucial for successful treatment and early detection of recurrence.
Breast cancer patients in Europe increasingly use complementary and alternative therapies (CAMs) to improve quality of life. CAMs may complement conventional treatments but can also interact dangerously with drug regimes, requiring careful consideration by doctors and patients.
Dr Yeo's study found that prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduces the incidence of HBV reactivation and hepatitis in breast cancer patients. The drug was effective in reducing the risk of liver damage caused by HBV reactivation during and after chemotherapy.
A study published in The Lancet found that timely surgery significantly reduces the risk of stroke in individuals with carotid stenosis. Benefit from surgery is greatest when performed within two weeks after a warning stroke, but rapidly declines with increasing delay. Early treatment is crucial due to the high risk of major stroke in ...
The report highlights upstate New York's slow economic recovery from deindustrialization, with average wages rising only 2% from 1980 to 2000. The authors call for state policy efforts and federal support to diversify jobs and stimulate growth.
Scientists identify site-specific growth signals that promote capillary formation in the developing retina and inner ear, providing a potential new approach for treating blinding diseases and improving treatment outcomes for conditions like cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
Researchers found simian foamy virus (SFV) in 1% of Cameroonian villagers, linked to hunting and butchering primates. The study suggests retroviral zoonosis is widespread, highlighting the need for economic alternatives to reduce human-primate contact.
A new toxicity test uses human growth hormone-secreting cell lines to detect toxic compounds, reducing the need for animal testing. The test, developed by Italian researchers, can identify low concentrations of chemicals that current methods may miss.
A study using modern-era satellite data found that a combination of cooler tropical Pacific Ocean surface temperatures and warmer Atlantic Ocean temperatures led to the US dust bowl drought from 1931 to 1939. This created shifts in weather patterns and reduced moisture supply, resulting in severe dry conditions.
A study published in Circulation found that HIV infection is an independent predictor of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Aggressive treatment of high cholesterol, blood pressure, and other risk factors is crucial for HIV patients.
Scientists have discovered a key relationship between two inherited eye disorders, Norrie disease and FEVR, linked to blood vessel malformation and activation of the Wnt pathway. The study sheds light on potential treatments for these conditions and raises questions about specialized vascular development systems in other tissues.
A portable, wearable device called Tyflos enables visually impaired individuals to conduct daily tasks efficiently. The device uses computer vision and robotics technology to convert images into audio information, allowing users to navigate and interact with their environment.
The research highlights the alarming rate of extinction among birds, with many species experiencing significant declines in population numbers. The study's findings suggest that birds are excellent indicators of global extinction rates, and their decline serves as a warning sign for the planet's overall health.
Dr. Berrino suggests that dietary factors play a major role in breast cancer prevention, particularly for women carrying BRCA mutations. By adopting a healthier diet, these women can reduce their risk of developing the disease.
Scientists have discovered that breast cancer metastases have a strikingly similar genetic profile to their primary tumours. This breakthrough discovery could enable doctors to choose the best treatment for each patient based on their unique tumour characteristics.
Scientists from UW-Madison used a new technique to precisely date glacial deposits, revealing that the last two major glaciations were global events. The findings suggest that rapid cooling of the Earth's atmosphere synchronized climate change worldwide during each ice age.
A recent international declaration from the OECD Committee highlights the critical need for an open and systematic approach to access scientific data. Researchers in various fields will benefit from cost-effective access to digital research data, which is essential for new knowledge creation.
The report highlights inconsistent data-access policies among nations and agencies, emphasizing the need for international efforts to promote open access. The authors call for an international framework to achieve this goal, making data sharing a rule rather than an exception.
New studies reveal a significant decline in UK species diversity, with insects, plants, and birds showing declines of up to 70% over 20 years. The findings support the 'Sixth Extinction' hypothesis and highlight the need for environmental policies to mitigate the effects of human activity.
A study by Bruce Patterson found that lion attacks increase during wet seasons when traditional prey disperses, making livestock more vulnerable. Implementing a seasonal stocking plan can reduce losses by quartering livestock only during the dry season and taking them to market before the rains.
A new study by Ristaino and Kim May identifies the Ia strain of P. infestans, tracing its probable roots to the Andes Mountains in South America. The researchers analyzed 186 specimens from six regions worldwide, confirming 90% were infected with P. infestans.
The Lancet's patient safety series aims to enhance care coordination through a framework focusing on patient, local environment, hospital, and healthcare system levels. The subsequent papers will delve into methods for measuring and improving inpatient safety.
Dr. Eric Winer emphasizes the importance of rigorous testing for complementary and alternative therapies (CAMs) due to safety concerns and limited scientific evidence. Many CAMs have not undergone thorough evaluation, leading to potential interactions with standard treatments.
Studies of rural communities in Cameroon found that people exposed to blood or body fluids from primates during hunting have a higher risk of simian retrovirus infection. Genetic analysis revealed three geographically independent human infections, acquired from different primates.
A recent study by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that a lack of choline during pregnancy can lead to reduced brain cell formation and impaired memory in children. The scientists discovered that choline plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell division, which is essential for brain development.
A recent study using genetic data reveals that individual coral reefs within the Great Barrier Reef are vulnerable to global warming due to limited dispersal of corals. In contrast, reefs at Lord Howe Island have low genetic diversity and appear disconnected from the Great Barrier Reef.
Theoretical cosmologist George F.R. Ellis wins the Templeton Prize for his work on general relativity theory and its intersection with theology and social justice. His research questions the origin of the universe and explores the relationship between science, faith, and morality.
Researchers isolate three strains of yeast prions that transmit life-changing information in yeast cells without DNA or RNA. These protein-only particles act like genes, disrupting normal cell function and leading to the formation of amyloid plaques associated with neurological disorders.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding a natural mechanism cells use to protect themselves from stress, with potential applications for preventing motor nerve cell death. Up to 50% of nerve cell death could be prevented in mice with sciatic nerve injury using this approach.
A recent study found that young breast cancer survivors experience more severe long-term after effects, including arm problems and fatigue. Women diagnosed over 50 years old tend to report fewer symptoms than younger women.
A new diagnostic tool, BCPC, uses microarray technology to analyze tumor genetic signatures and provide personalized treatment recommendations for breast cancer patients. The tool aims to improve patient outcomes by avoiding over-treatment and reducing costs of treatment.
The Osteoarthritis Initiative aims to identify people at risk for OA and monitor disease progression using biological markers. The study will enroll 5,000 adults over five years, collecting data on joint pain, limited movement, and cartilage loss.
Research suggests that video game play is related to children's weight status, while television use is not. Children with higher BMIs spent moderate amounts of time playing electronic games, whereas those with lower BMIs played either little or a lot of time on other devices.
Researchers confirm that shape change accounts for strain differences in prions, laying groundwork for strategies to block disease. Prion shape underlies ability to jump between species, according to new finding.
In the phase III trial, exemestane demonstrated superior efficacy over tamoxifen in patients with hormone-responsive metastatic breast cancer, with a median progression-free survival of 10.9 months compared to 6.7 months for tamoxifen. The study also showed improved response rates and safety profile for exemestane.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have made significant progress in understanding lipodystrophies, rare disorders characterized by partial or total loss of fat tissues. Recent studies have identified gene mutations and novel therapeutic approaches for these patients, which may also be applicable to obese individuals with abnormal fat dist...
Researchers establish that different strains of prions can be accounted for by misfolded conformations of the same protein. The study provides insights into how amyloid proteins form and propagate, potentially guiding future studies of strain properties in mammalian prions.
A Mount Holyoke researcher is studying how low-income urban youth develop science aspirations and pursue careers in science and technology. The five-year study will examine the social negotiations of educational and career aspirations, effective mentoring strategies, and patterns of science and technology learning and motivation.
The SORCE satellite has been collecting long-term data on natural solar variation to determine the sun's role in global change. Accurate knowledge of solar variations is essential for understanding and predicting impacts on Earth's atmosphere and climate.
A combination of two existing drugs, rapamycin and doxorubicin, was found to be effective in treating cancer by restoring a natural cell death mechanism and triggering programmed cell death. The treatment led to complete remission in mouse models of B-cell lymphoma.
Older women with breast cancer often lose out on effective treatments, with prognosis not linked to tumour factor. Health policymakers need to develop strategies for elderly patients, while doctors must find suitable treatments tailored to their needs.