Researchers identified cathepsin B and L as essential enzymes for Ebola virus reproduction, shedding light on its infection mechanism. Inhibiting these enzymes could lead to the development of a broad-spectrum antiviral therapy against multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses.
A Swedish study found that adolescents with a specific genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene and poor family relationships are more likely to engage in high-intoxication frequency. Conversely, a favorable family environment can protect against genetic vulnerability. The study suggests an interaction between genetic and en...
Researchers at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research found that Smad7 protein levels may predict therapy response to 2-ME compound. The study suggests that artificially lowering Smad7 levels in prostate cancer cells reduces the compound's ability to cause cell death, leading to potential breakthroughs in personalized cancer treatment.
The Stanford study used molecular techniques to survey the inhabitants of the lower digestive tract, finding a diverse range of bacterial species. The researchers discovered nearly two-thirds of identified bacteria were novel, highlighting the complexity of the intestinal ecosystem.
Research found that alcohol consumption increases smoking urge in light smokers, regardless of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. The desire to smoke while drinking is related to the amount of alcohol consumed during a drinking episode.
A new study has shed light on the process of alternative splicing, which allows one gene to produce multiple proteins. Researchers discovered that tandem repeats between exons are highly correlated with the process, enabling them to predict genes that can re-arrange and potentially leading to disease.
A large study defines premature ejaculation by measuring average times to ejaculation with stopwatches and patient-reported subjective factors. The research suggests that IELT may not be sufficient for diagnosis and that subjective factors like lack of control are valid indicators.
Researchers found that viewing past events from a third-person perspective can accentuate changes made, increasing motivation to pursue personal goals. This shift in perspective also influences behavior, with individuals who recall awkward social situations from a third-person view exhibiting improved social skills.
The study found that improving catalyst particle surface characteristics increases reaction rate efficiency and reduces expensive catalyst needed. Catalyst particles adhere better to gas bubbles with these modifications, resulting in increased efficiency.
University scientists have discovered ways to detect areas of instability in DNA that can lead to cancer. By applying this technology to pre-cancerous lesions, they've found that DNA damage occurs very early in the carcinogenic process, highlighting those at risk of developing cancer.
A study published in Science found that infants as young as 15 months can reason about what others believe, challenging the long-held view of when children develop this cognitive skill. The research involved a non-verbal experiment where babies looked longer when they expected an actor to search for a toy in a different box.
A recent study found a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overweight among Chinese adults, with increased risk factors in northern China and urban residents compared to rural areas. The findings suggest that economic development and lifestyle changes may contribute to the growing obesity crisis in China.
A recent study published by the American Chemical Society has identified a critical crystalline structure in popcorn kernels that affects their popping performance. The researchers found that stronger, more highly ordered crystalline structures tend to maximize moisture retention and lead to better popping quality.
Topoisomerase IB helps unwind DNA during cell division to reduce torsional forces that can delay or stop cell division. The study's findings may lead to improved cancer treatments by enhancing the enzyme's functionality.
A study of over 1,500 participants found that rimonabant treatment led to significant weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. Patients who received the drug experienced a sustained pattern of weight loss and reductions in waist circumference, cholesterol levels, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Researchers found a surprising decrease in surgical infection risk after age 65, peaking at 65-74 years. The study analyzed 144,485 patients and found the highest rates of infections for gastrointestinal, cardiothoracic, and vascular procedures.
Researchers discover risk-increasing mutation in non-coding region of RET gene associated with Hirschsprung disease, challenging traditional focus on protein-coding sequences. The study highlights the importance of non-coding regions in disease development.
Researchers believe gut microbes influence how medicines affect the body, leading to individualized treatments and drug discovery. Changes in gut microbiome composition may impact medication effectiveness between individuals.
A new study shows that the GeoForm mitral valve repair ring can reverse damage caused by congestive heart failure and improve symptoms in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation. The ring has been approved for tightening leaky mitral valves, but also changes the shape of the left ventricle to help it contract better.
Research suggests pathological gamblers exhibit altered decision-making functions and executive control, leading to long-term negative consequences. The study sheds light on the role of the prefrontal cortex in this neuropsychiatric disorder.
Research by Vikesland and his associates suggests that consumer products containing triclosan can produce chloroform when mixed with chlorinated water, which can be absorbed through skin or inhaled. The production of chloroform has implications for human health and the environment due to its potential to accumulate in body tissues.
The American Academy of Neurology presented Leeza Gibbons with the Public Leadership in Neurology Award for her advocacy work on Alzheimer's disease. Her foundation, Leeza's Place, provides community-based locations offering comfort, education, and care to those affected by memory disorders.
A Mayo Clinic study showed that donepezil treatment may slow the progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Patients with a specific genotype had a longer response to the treatment, which could lead to new horizons in early treatment and prevention.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have determined the structure of a protein complex on retroviruses that enables them to infect cells. The complex undergoes a radical change in shape as it attaches to cells, and its arrangement is unlike other known viral envelope protein structures.
Recent studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggest that small black holes were widespread in the early universe and merged to form larger black holes. This finding could indicate an era in which small black holes were commonplace, with potential telltale evidence in galaxies without a central supermassive black hole.
A major clinical trial suggests that the use of donepezil may delay the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in people with mild cognitive impairment, with a 58% reduced risk at one year. The study also highlights the importance of considering genetic factors, such as apolipoprotein E-4, in making treatment decisions.
Researchers found that many runners dilute their sodium levels during long races due to excessive water intake. The study recommends individualized fluid-replacement consumption for all competing athletes to prevent hyponatremia, a potentially life-threatening condition.
A new study published in Epidemiology found no correlation between prenatal ultrasound exposure and reduced intellectual capacity. Researchers analyzed data from approximately 180,000 boys born in the 1970s, revealing small differences that could be attributed to other factors.
Scientists found that a small form of APOBEC3G repels HIV, while a large form is ineffective; blocking the small form makes resting cells susceptible to infection. The discovery shifts the paradigm on how HIV infects T cells.
New LASIK research suggests that the choice of laser or blade for corneal flap creation significantly impacts visual outcomes. Using the IntraLase laser results in higher rates of achieving 20/20 vision and better-than-20/20 vision, even up to 20/12.5. Custom treatments also show improved results with the IntraLase laser.
A study at Mayo Clinic found an association between anxious and pessimistic personality types and the future development of Parkinson's disease. Individuals with these personality traits have a higher risk of developing the disease, but the exact reason for this link remains unclear.
A study of 68 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease found that higher levels of spirituality and religiosity may slow cognitive decline. Spirituality and private religious practices accounted for 20% of the total variance in cognitive decline.
A study using Danish population data found that women whose partners had a psychiatric admission were almost seven times more likely to commit suicide than those with good mental health. Men who lost their partner to suicide were 46 times more likely to take their own life, compared to three times the risk for women bereaved by suicide.
A study found that adult patients with mild persistent asthma fare similarly whether they take inhaled steroids daily or only during symptoms. This suggests a possible cost-saving benefit, as estimated annual medication costs would be $2 billion lower if patients took steroids only when needed.
According to Professor Andrew Hamilton, the core of a black hole is not a singular point of infinite density but rather a hot, dense plasma that siphons matter into itself. This plasma could be the cause of a space traveller's demise in larger black holes.
A Bonn study calculates that greenhouse gases are responsible for just under half of global warming since 1880, with natural factors accounting for the remaining half. The researchers used 30 different climate models to reach this conclusion, which they believe will continue to worsen even after the Kyoto Protocol is implemented.
Researchers Drs. Melanie Vile and David Velinsky are studying the effects of sea level rise and saltwater intrusion on tidal marsh ecosystem services in the Delaware Estuary. Tidal marshes provide crucial functions such as storm buffering, shoreline stabilization, and fish nursery habitats.
Researchers developed nanoshells that can detect breast cancer biomarkers and destroy cancer cells using near-infrared light absorption. This combined imaging and therapy method offers a faster and less expensive alternative to existing medical imaging techniques.
Research on almost 116,000 English and Welsh breast cancer patients found that South Asian women were diagnosed at a significantly younger age, averaging 52 compared to 63 for other women. Additionally, their five-year survival rate was over 70%, with affluence boosting health and survival rates even among the poor.
Researchers found that tamoxifen significantly reduced the frequency of breast enlargement and breast pain compared to radiotherapy. The study showed that tamoxifen is a more effective treatment for preventing these side effects in prostate cancer patients.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology found that smoking doubles the risk of age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in the UK. The study suggests that up to 30,000 cases of visual impairment may be attributable to smoking, highlighting the importance of quitting smoking and promoting p...
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Chicago has revealed that African Americans who have a strong relationship with God are significantly less likely to report depressive symptoms. This is particularly significant given that discrimination and related experiences result in higher levels of alienation, which may...
The 2005 Wistar Institute Science Journalism Award was awarded to Hall for his novel exploration of human life conceived with artificial reproductive assistance. The award recognizes intelligent and perceptive journalism that communicates progress in biomedicine to the public.
Researchers discovered that overexpressing insulin transcription factors MafA, PDX-1, and NeuroD in the liver of diabetic mice increased insulin gene expression and improved glucose tolerance. This breakthrough suggests a crucial role for MafA as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes.
Entomologists Quentin Wheeler and Kelly Miller named three slime-mold beetle species after former US leaders Bush, Cheney and Rumsfeld. The decision was made to pay homage to the U.S. leaders' commitment to freedom and democracy.
Researchers explain violent origins of extrasolar planetary behavior, citing planet-planet scattering as key factor. The study's findings suggest that strong instabilities led to the formation of highly eccentric orbits in multiple systems.
A study by University of Warwick researchers has shown that the solar wind density behaves like a turbulent stream, not a passive scalar as previously thought. This discovery will impact our understanding of turbulence in complex systems such as climate change and weather patterns.
A new study combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to track transnational conflicts more efficiently than ever before. The FAST project utilizes modern communication tools to facilitate near-real-time information exchange between policymakers, researchers, and practitioners.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new family of materials that can change shape in response to light, offering potential for minimally invasive surgery and other applications. The polymers use molecular switches that bind together when exposed to UV light, allowing them to maintain their shape until the light is switched off.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute found that an initiating genetic error can lead to relentless cell division, causing DNA replication stress and breaks. This stress creates conditions for tumor progression and the accumulation of mutant genes, ultimately leading to cancer.
Termite guts have been found to convert cellulose into ethanol, a potential solution for the world's energy supply and storage problems. Chu believes that biology can be used as a solution to pressing environmental issues.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests that symptom-driven therapy may be an effective treatment option for adults with mild persistent asthma. The research found that participants who took medication only when symptoms appeared had similar lung function changes and quality-of-life scores compared to thos...
Researchers have identified a previously unknown protein called Fra-1 that controls cancer cells' malignant characteristics and spread to healthy tissue. The discovery, made in glioblastoma brain tumors, suggests new treatment possibilities for multiple cancers.
A study published by Mayo Clinic researchers found that removing the ovaries elevates the risk of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in women. The study, which analyzed data from over 2,500 women, suggested that a reduction in estrogen levels after ovary removal may contribute to this increased risk.
A recent study reveals that individuals with essential tremor are at a significantly higher risk of developing dementia. The research followed 202 people with essential tremor and found that 7.4% developed dementia over an average period of three years, compared to 3.5% in the control group.
Researchers develop new method to grow self-assembled and self-welded carbon nanotube devices, potentially leading to smaller but more powerful computers and electronic communication devices. The discovery could improve companies' competitive edge and help the $850 billion electronics industry advance.
A study of 387 patients with epilepsy found that the timing of post-surgery seizures is a key predictor of long-term success. Patients who experienced seizures within four months of surgery had a worse prognosis, while those who waited longer tended to become seizure-free.
Scientists at NIST and Johns Hopkins University have developed a new optical method that can image subsurface structures under skin using polarized light. The method minimizes unwanted light scattering and may eventually be used to produce more detailed images of deeper layers of skin for diagnosing various types of skin cancers.
The probable collapse sequences for the World Trade Center (WTC) towers reveal a complex interplay of factors leading to their collapse, including fires fueled by building contents and jet fuel. The sequences update and finalize hypotheses released by NIST, supported by extensive computer modeling and evidence.
Using informatics and computer modelling, researchers can speed up vaccine development by identifying common patterns in 'foreign' protein sequences. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the number of proteins that need to be experimentally tested.