A new Stanford tool helps identify subtypes of kidney tumors based on gene activity, potentially leading to more targeted and effective treatments. The approach minimizes setbacks in clinical relevance by identifying relevant genes across multiple studies.
The SAFOD project reveals a correlation between nonvolcanic tremors and microearthquakes, suggesting a possible causal relationship. The researchers also obtained seismic data during a magnitude 6.0 earthquake in 2004, indicating that damaged rock began forming mineral seals soon after the event.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists have precisely measured the interaction of matter with photons in extreme electric fields surrounding the nucleus of uranium. The results demonstrate a new milestone in QED research, putting a new constraint on theory and paving the way for further calculations.
Researchers discovered a link between GPS data and satellite images of the plasmasphere, allowing them to understand the ionosphere-thermosphere-magnetosphere as a coupled system. The study provides a new understanding of space storms and their impact on Earth's upper atmosphere.
Researchers developed a new cholera modeling approach that better explains past epidemics, suggesting human-to-human transmission is crucial for outbreak dynamics. The model incorporates the hyperinfectious state of the bacteria, which becomes more infectious when passing through a human host.
Researchers uncover the earliest known portrait of a Maya woman on a stone monument, suggesting women held positions of authority in early Maya history. The discovery, made at the Naachtun site in Guatemala, dates back to the 4th century AD and provides new insights into the role of women in ancient Maya politics.
Researchers found that chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cisplatin extended disease-free survival by 50% and overall survival by 13% compared to radiation therapy. Serious side effects were more common in the chemotherapy group, but a new regimen may be less toxic.
A new study examines the evolution of human life history, proposing a distinct phase known as 'late life,' where age-related deterioration ceases. This research suggests that late life may be characterized by a plateau in mortality rates after a certain age.
Patients with bipolar disorder experience worsening psychosocial disability as depressive symptom severity increases, and vice versa. Psychosocial functioning normalizes when patients are asymptomatic, but remains poor compared to well controls.
Researchers found that elevated atmospheric CO2 increases soil carbon by 5.6% over a two to nine year period, with comparable increases in Tennessee deciduous forest and Kansas grassland after five to eight years of experimental exposure to elevated CO2.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that children who received cochlear implants before 30 months old fully integrated speech perception in their brains. In contrast, those who received implants later relied solely on lip movements to understand conflicting auditory and visual information.
A study of middle schools found that students' BMI increased by 10% for every additional food practice permitted. Schools with more restrictive food policies had lower average BMIs and fewer overweight students.
The study found that pressures at 20% of body weight measured 70 mmHg on the left shoulder and 110 mmHg on the right shoulder - skin surface pressures that are more than double and triple the threshold for reduced blood flow. The researchers hope their findings will influence future backpack design to promote safety and comfort.
The Mosaic map reveals subtle changes in terrain that indicate the direction ice is flowing now and where it has gone in the past. The digital elevation model complements this view with elevation measurements over more of the continent than ever surveyed before, yielding new information about how topography drives ice flow.
A study of over 3,000 children reveals that a mother's weight before pregnancy significantly impacts her child's risk of being overweight. The researchers found that children born to mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy are three times more likely to be overweight by age 7 compared to those whose mothers were not.
A new small-scale study suggests that personal fulfillment is the strongest motivator for US adolescents to exercise. The research found that teens are more likely to participate in sports and vigorous activities if they enjoy the process and want to improve their fitness and physical skills.
Research reveals that highly stimulated brain cells reactivate dormant survival genes, making them healthier and more resilient. This discovery holds implications for developing therapies to halt neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as mitigating the effects of maternal substance abuse on unborn babies.
Astronomers track massive shockwaves in plasma escaping a newborn star, gaining clues about a critical process of starbirth. The Hubble Space Telescope's high-resolution images allow scientists to create the first moving pictures of stellar jet shock waves.
Researchers found that uncontrolled high blood pressure significantly worsens verbal fluency and short-term memory in older men. The study suggests that controlling hypertension can help mitigate age-related cognitive declines and may even be beneficial for cognition.
This study found that current drinkers had a lower obesity risk than non-drinkers, with heavy drinkers being 46% more likely to be obese. The mechanisms behind this protective effect are not well understood.
A UCLA imaging study found that children with autism have a dysfunctional mirror neuron system, which may underlie their social deficits. The study used fMRI to measure brain activity in high-functioning children with autism while they imitated and observed emotions.
A new study found that nutritionally enhanced rice can significantly increase total body iron levels in women. The research, led by the International Rice Research Institute, demonstrates the potential of biofortification to combat micronutrient malnutrition.
A Dartmouth study suggests that microbes interacting with iron oxides in landfills contribute to arsenic levels in drinking water. The researchers analyzed data from the Coakley Landfill and found a correlation between organic waste degradation and increased arsenic concentrations.
Max Planck researchers have expanded the tool kit of colloid particles to produce new, shimmering colours that change with temperature. By metallising crystals with gold, they created patterns of varying symmetries and sizes at nanoscale, opening up possibilities for optical data processing.
A $1.75 million grant will establish the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank, a nationally coordinated facility to support schizophrenia research. The bank will provide access to comprehensive, cross-referenced data on over 3,000 participants with schizophrenia and their families.
Researchers find that different antibody isotypes bind to specific receptors on immune cells, determining their effectiveness in fighting tumors and viruses. The discovery opens up new possibilities for improving antibody-mediated cancer therapy and viral treatment.
Scientists have successfully produced giant superstructures of unnatural carbon, exceeding twice the size of previously developed fragments. These supersized molecules exhibit high density of pi-electrons useful for electronics and optics, with potential applications in optical electronics and switches used in telecommunications.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have discovered that ceramide kinase (CERK) is a potential target for developing new anti-inflammatory compounds. CERK catalyzes the production of ceramide-1-phosphate, a signaling lipid that induces inflammatory pathways.
Researchers found that chest x-rays were a reliable predictor of mortality in patients with avian flu, with the severity of findings linked to patient outcomes. Five patients who survived still had abnormal lung appearances on CT scans after discharge.
A new species of diatom, Hannaea superiorensis, has been discovered in Lake Superior, providing insights into the lake's environmental changes. The unique boomerang-shaped diatom is found in pincushion-like colonies attached to rocks along the shore.
Researchers have manipulated hydrogen atoms below the surface of a palladium crystal, creating a structure predicted to be important in fuel cells, metal catalysis, and hydrogen storage. This breakthrough allows scientists to test theoretical predictions and apply data from direct observation.
Researchers found three pronounced cooling periods indicating drought, linked to African deforestation and global temperature increases. The study suggests that these changes will disrupt the monsoon system, affecting agriculture and food security in equatorial Africa.
The University of California, Davis has been awarded an $8 million EPA grant to establish a research center focused on the health effects of air pollution. The center will study the impact of particulate matter on adults and children, with a goal of informing policy decisions at the national and state levels.
A study found that chemical modification of Type II Collagen creates a self-antigen, leading to immune system activation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The modification of this protein contributes significantly to the disease's progression.
The National Ignition Facility's first experiments successfully validated computer simulations for controlled laser-induced ignition. Researchers fired laser beams into gold-plated cylinders, creating X-rays that ablated and imploded a capsule to achieve brief bursts of energy.
A study led by Jennifer Doudna and Eva Nogales used cryo-EM to create a 3D model of the eIF3 protein complex, showing its structural mechanics in loading human or viral RNA onto ribosomes. This understanding could lead to new therapies for viral infections.
Researchers found that old mitochondria are leaky, reducing ATP production and making normal activities challenging for the elderly. This inefficiency affects muscle cells' ability to produce useable energy.
Researchers found that BPA can mimic estrogen's actions in developing neurons, leading to potential harm to the brain. The study suggests that even low concentrations of BPA may be hazardous, as they are comparable to human fetal exposures and water supply levels.
Researchers at UC Davis found breast CT images to be equivalent and potentially better than standard mammography for detecting breast cancer. The technology requires no breast compression and uses similar radiation doses as mammography.
A Johns Hopkins study suggests a genetic link between caffeine dependence and family history of alcoholism. The research found that women with both risk factors were unable to stop consuming caffeine despite physician recommendations, highlighting the need for targeted intervention.
Researchers at UCSF discovered that stimulating nerves before and after a spinal cord injury can increase growth capacity and sustain nerve regeneration. This breakthrough builds on earlier findings, highlighting the importance of timing and manipulating the nervous system's properties to enhance CNS cell growth.
Researchers found a nearly twofold greater risk of death or hospitalization extending longer than 10 days for patients with heparin antibodies before surgery. The study also showed that patients with the antibodies fared worse than those without, regardless of their predicted surgical risk.
A research team led by Jue Chen has visualized the entire cycle of membrane transport proteins, which use ATP to open and close gates allowing nutrients in and waste out. This understanding could enhance knowledge of metabolism and life processes in creatures from bacteria to humans.
A new microbial genome sequence shows that C. hydrogenoformans can convert water and carbon monoxide to hydrogen, making it an excellent starting point for clean fuel production. The microbe's unique protein machines allow it to use carbon monoxide in different ways, making it more efficient than other species.
Scientists suggest prioritizing organisms based on evolutionary divergence to maximize sequence diversity, offering a more efficient approach than considering multiple factors simultaneously. This 'greedy strategy' allows centers to select the best candidates one at a time without compromising overall effectiveness.
The PULSE collaboration has achieved outstanding scientific results by studying pulsars to test fundamental laws and understand extreme conditions. They discovered the first known double pulsar, confirming Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Researchers explore rheumatic pain mechanisms, debunking common misconceptions. Comprehensive treatment approaches are discussed, including exercise, dietary supplements, and opioid analgesics.
A memory trace is formed in a pair of neurons called the dorsal pair medial neurons, but only 30 minutes after the fact and through the mediation of a gene called amnesiac. The change can last about two hours, challenging the common-held precept that memories are stored in the same place.
Researchers found that patients with severe periodontitis have elevated levels of small-dense LDL in their blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. The study also suggests that platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase may play a role in this increased risk.
A study of 40 North American and European patients with Costello syndrome found that mutations in the HRAS gene sequence were present in 82.5% of cases, primarily affecting codon 12 or 13. The research suggests a paternal origin for the mutations and provides hope for targeted cancer treatment.
Hurricane Isabel caused widespread devastation to the Chesapeake Bay in 2003, with storm surges and floodwaters destroying homes and infrastructure. However, the event also had a positive impact on the Bay's ecosystem, with increased recruitment of juvenile Atlantic croaker.
Researchers use two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to observe the interaction between immune cells and dendritic cells in a diabetic mouse model. The study reveals that the interaction between T regulatory cells and dendritic cells is key to preventing autoimmune attacks, providing new potential targets for therapy.
Researchers monitored the accuracy with which subjects could step onto a target, finding that vision was blocked only after the foot had left the floor. This suggests that people use visual information to adjust their footfall while their foot is moving forwards.
Research found that adding leucine to the diet restored a balanced metabolism in old rats, which had excessive protein breakdown. The study suggests that age-related muscle loss results from defective inhibition of proteasome machinery, and leucine supplementation can fully restore correct function.
A study of 1,117 US adults found that most disagree that legalizing physician-assisted death would reduce trust in their doctors. The majority (58%) disagreed with the statement, while only 20% believed it would lower trust.
Research by Iowa State University researchers found that rewarded violence in video games significantly increases aggressive thoughts and behavior, as well as feelings of hostility. In contrast, punishment did not affect aggressive behavior but had a lesser impact on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts.
The UCSF program aims to train scientists with knowledge and skills in biomedical, physical, and computational sciences. The new program will foster collaboration, introduce quantitative faculty, and diversify lab experiences.
The fourth version of IMG, a collaborative effort between DOE JGI and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, adds organism phenotype characterizations and enhances comparative analysis capabilities. The update features extended Analysis Carts and improved functional profiles across organisms.
Researchers have identified a specific microRNA - miR 196 - playing a protective role in hindlimb development, but not forelimb development, suggesting a fail-safe mechanism to regulate gene expression. This finding may be useful in understanding birth defects and has implications for the regulation of protein expression in limbs.
African-American women who joined a cancer screening trial had better understanding of cancer and early detection, motivated by loved one's experience with cancer. The study suggests targeted strategies to improve recruitment, including providing health benefits and informing physicians about clinical trials.