Studies reveal neural circuits coordinating a complex interplay between neurons controlling reproduction and areas processing odorant molecules and pheromones. GnRH neurons are found to send signals to both olfactory and vomeronasal systems, influencing the processing of sensory information depending on reproductive circumstances.
A new study found that sleep restriction significantly affects students' academic performance, attention, and behavior. Teachers rated students with less than eight hours of sleep as having the most trouble recalling material and paying attention.
A study monitored 74 healthy children between 6-12 years old, showing that reduced sleep hours led to lower academic ratings and attention issues. Parents' consistent emphasis on bedtime and limiting after-school activities can help protect against these negative effects.
A new species of ancient crocodile, Dakosaurus andiniensis, has been discovered in Patagonia, South America. The massive creature had a T. rex-like snout and jaws powerful enough to catch large sea creatures.
Ophthalmic surgeon Simon Kelly disputes the claim that private cataract services have improved English cataract patients' care. He attributes the increase in surgery rates to targeted capital for NHS facilities and practice improvements within the National Health Service (NHS).
A newly discovered protein called alpha-defensin can kill Bacillus anthracis bacteria, the causative agent of anthrax. The skin form of anthrax is harmless due to neutrophils' ability to identify and kill microbes, whereas the lung form remains fatal, prompting hope for new treatments.
Researchers mapped how genes are shared between bacteria through lateral genetic transfer, a process where genes are transferred between unrelated organisms. The study reveals that this phenomenon is widespread and can occur even between distantly related organisms, contributing to the rapid spread of disease-causing bacteria.
Scientists have discovered that global warming led to drastic changes in ancient forests 55 million years ago, including the appearance of tropical plants from Europe. This finding has implications for understanding the evolution of modern primates and their adaptations.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered the appetite-suppressing hormone obestatin, which could clear up confusion over how hormones regulate appetite. Obestatin's effects on laboratory animals suggest it may be a key to developing effective treatments for obesity.
Astronomers observed thin, parallel striations like spokes on a pinwheel within Saturn's outer rings, providing clues about ring thickness and dynamics. The findings give scientists new insights into the micro-structure of the rings and will help estimate their overall thickness.
Researchers found that almost all neurons feeding into the LHRH-making region of the hypothalamus originated in the mouse nose. Mice with compromised olfactory function show dramatically impaired mating behavior, highlighting the essential role of olfactory activity in eliciting male mating behavior.
The Lancet reports a growing global burden of diabetic foot disease and amputation, affecting an estimated 25% of people with diabetes. Prevention measures such as foot-care services and simple clinical tests can reduce the risk of complications, but are often ignored in many countries.
A study found that living in close-knit neighborhoods with strong adult supervision can delay early sexual experiences among teens. The results suggest that good neighbor relations play a crucial role in preventing risky behavior, especially for those with limited parental supervision.
Scientists discovered new boundary sequences of fossils in the southeastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, containing both leaf and pollen fossils. The findings suggest that rapid warming during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) led to changes in vegetation, with plants migrating north from their original southern habitats.
The study found that patients with rapid increases in PSA levels (PSAV) or quick doubling of PSA levels (PSADT) were more likely to experience cancer spread, recurrence, and death. These findings provide valuable pretreatment prognostic factors for prostate cancer.
The study found that the absence or presence of the Ink4c gene can help predict patient outcomes for medulloblastoma. Additionally, the collaboration between Ink4c and Ptch1 genes demonstrates the importance of gene dosage in mediating protective effects against tumorigenesis.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology demonstrate that Bose-Einstein condensates exhibit coherence in their internal spin degrees of freedom. This discovery provides a foundation for future research and potential applications in quantum computing.
Research shows women with acute coronary syndromes are under-treated, leading to more ongoing heart problems. The study analyzed data from the CURE trial and found that women were 35% less likely to undergo invasive procedures than men.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that mental illnesses like depression and anxiety cause workers to work fewer hours, take more disability time, and be less productive. Employers can combat these costs by providing quality psychiatric evaluations and treatment plans.
A recent study suggests that current medical research methods are flawed and may miss signs of harm or benefit in subgroups of patients. Risk-stratified analysis, which considers multiple factors, can help detect these issues and provide more accurate information for doctors to discuss with patients.
Researchers found that tobacco companies are using candy-like flavors and high-tech delivery devices to market new brands to young smokers. The study reveals that flavored cigarettes can promote youth smoking initiation by masking the harshness and taste of tobacco smoke.
A new perspective on cortical development suggests that genetic and environmental factors interact to shape brain regions. Researchers, led by Mriganka Sur, have discovered that transcription factors play a key role in controlling cell growth and connectivity during early prenatal development.
Researchers uncover a new mechanism for post-ischemic arrhythmias, exploring the therapeutic potential of mitochondria-targeting compounds. Leptin signaling is shown to reverse obesity, diabetes, and infertility in mice. FcRn is identified as a promising target for treating autoimmune skin blistering diseases.
Christian Schafmeister and his student Christopher Levins have designed small molecules that can be linked together like Lego blocks to create complex nanoscale devices. The breakthroughs hold great promise as nanoscale parts for future atomically precise machines, including hinged molecular traps that can serve as chemical sensors.
Research reveals that offspring of type 2 diabetic parents have reduced mitochondrial content and impaired muscle glucose uptake, increasing their risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Reduced mitochondrial function can lead to lipid accumulation in muscle cells, further exacerbating the condition.
Scientists used a genetically altered virus to trace connections between olfactory neurons and LHRH-producing neurons in mice. They found that the main olfactory epithelium sends signals to LHRH neurons, controlling puberty, ovulation, and testosterone production. The study challenges traditional views on pheromone communication systems.
Researchers have confirmed that Gigantopithecus blackii, a gigantic ape weighing up to 1,200 pounds and measuring 10 feet tall, roamed the same region as early humans in southern China. The species is believed to have co-existed with humans during a time of major evolutionary change.
A new Cornell University study reveals that serving stale popcorn in large buckets leads to a 34% increase in consumption compared to medium-sized containers. Fresh popcorn in large tubs also results in a significant appetite boost, with participants eating 45% more than those given fresh popcorn in medium containers.
Researchers found that bird flu virus H5N1 induces higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in human lung cells compared to the human flu virus H1N1. This imbalance can lead to severe lung inflammation and may explain the severity of avian flu virus infections.
A study found that regular meditation practice is associated with increased thickness in certain cortical regions related to sensory perception, auditory processing, and attention. The researchers also discovered that meditation may slow age-related thinning of the frontal cortex.
Scientists at the Salk Institute discovered a key cellular switch that instructs the liver to produce more glucose when blood sugar levels run low. The switch, called TORC2, limits its own activity to prevent excessive glucose production, which is missing in diabetic individuals.
The study reveals a sharp decline in sperm donor applications, with only 3.63% of applicants accepted as suitable donors. The researchers call for urgent action to attract more volunteers, particularly from older men and minority ethnic groups.
Researchers have found that C. elegans worms can modify their olfactory preferences to avoid toxic bacteria, and this learning is mediated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. The worms can learn to associate certain bacteria with nausea after just four hours of exposure, and this avoidance behavior is crucial for their survival.
Two nearly identical spacecraft, STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory), were shipped to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for pre-launch tests. The twin observatories will explore coronal mass ejections and their impact on space weather, obtaining unique 3-D images of the sun.
Research from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute finds untreated obstructive sleep apnea significantly increases cardiovascular disease risks, including high blood pressure, heart attack, and diabetes. The study's findings support the importance of diagnosing and treating sleep apnea to reduce associated health risks.
The red kiwi has been found to have a promising nutritional profile, making it a potential addition to the diet for its high antioxidant content and low calorie count. The fruit's vibrant red color is also attributed to the presence of anthocyanins, which have been linked to several health benefits.
A Phase I study will test the safety of injecting bone marrow stem cells into coronary arteries of patients with chronic ischemic coronary artery disease. The trial aims to determine if this method can help patients with this heart condition in the future.
A two-year, open-label trial demonstrated that adults with ADHD experienced significant long-term symptom control when treated with once-daily ADDERALL XR. The treatment showed a good tolerability profile and was significantly associated with improved quality of life.
A new study by University of Michigan researchers finds that market-based incentives, such as pollution taxes and emissions permits, can reduce pollution abatement costs for businesses. However, these approaches may not be effective in areas with localized pollution where the source of pollution matters.
A PhD study found that younger people are more likely to change their bodies to prevent age-related stigma, while older individuals redefine themselves through non-physical means. As the population ages, this trend has significant implications for how we perceive and treat older adults.
A new system can predict the total magnitude of an earthquake within seconds, allowing for tens of seconds of warning. This allows for critical actions such as shutting down power grids and evacuating buildings, potentially saving lives and reducing damage.
Geckos' hairy feet exhibit an extreme adhesive ability due to a 'dry' system that uses water. The researchers found that increased air humidity strengthens the capillary forces between spatulae and substrates, enabling geckos to stick better on wet ceilings.
Research at the University of Washington reveals that infants as young as 9 months old begin to follow gaze-following behavior, which is crucial for understanding emotions and learning language. By 18 months, babies who mastered this skill earlier understand nearly twice as many words.
C. Richard Liu's innovative GPR device measures concrete thickness non-destructively, reducing drilling costs and providing more data than traditional methods. The device is affordable and will be used in everyday operations to ensure highways meet proper construction standards.
Researchers found that morning cells set pace for entire system, resetting evening clock daily without changing its intrinsic speed. Flies' circadian clocks are conserved with mammals, but studying them provides valuable insights into human brain anatomy.
The study focuses on two main areas: dyspareunia and vaginismus, exploring their connection to fear and developing more effective treatments. Researchers aim to improve therapies for women suffering from genital pain associated with menopause.
Researchers found extremely high reported human rights violations among Tibetan refugees, leading to increased incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression. The study reveals that torture and human rights abuses are unacceptably high among Tibetans who have escaped to Nepal or India.
A Johns Hopkins expert recommends making flu vaccination mandatory for healthcare workers to prevent outbreaks. Despite high vaccination rates, nearly 40,000 Americans die from influenza each year, and voluntary programs have shown limited success.
Astronomers recorded a massive star ejected from the Large Magellanic Cloud with speeds of over 2.6 million kilometers per hour. The high velocity suggests the presence of a massive black hole, which could be responsible for kicking the star out of its parent galaxy.
A new screening test has been developed to detect Down syndrome in pregnant women at an earlier stage of pregnancy and with greater accuracy. The test combines a blood analysis with an ultrasound scan to determine the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, allowing for prenatal diagnosis within the first trimester.
A new national study found that 46% of working families have medical debt, which hinders access to housing and home ownership. The study also revealed that those with health insurance still face housing difficulties, with one-fifth reporting housing problems.
Researchers identified EGFRvIII and PTEN proteins as key factors in determining tumor response to EGFR inhibitors. These findings suggest that adjusting treatment based on genetic activity could significantly prolong life for glioblastoma patients and prevent unnecessary treatments.
A terminal cancer patient, D.H., has seen his cancerous tumors shrink to 10% of their original size after increasing his intake of omega-3 fatty acids. The nutritional intervention was part of a case study published in the Nutrition and Cancer journal, showing promising results for cancer treatment.
Researchers have identified a specific FCGR3A-FCGR3B haplotype associated with an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Homozygous individuals with this haplotype are three times more likely to develop RA, and those with the shared epitope protein sequence have a 10 times higher risk.
This article discusses the ethics of selecting for existence, a controversial practice where parents choose not to bring into existence a person with certain characteristics. The discussion highlights concerns over the moral obligations towards individuals with disabilities and implications on social contract theory.
A new study finds that sea otters played a key role in driving up the size of abalones in California's coastal kelp forests. The researchers speculate that by preying on sea urchins and smaller snails, otters allowed abalones to thrive and grow huge on abundant kelp.
A recent Columbia University study published in Nutrition and Cancer showed that Zyflamend reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation by up to 78% and induces cancer cell death. The research confirms Zyflamend's COX-1 and COX-2 anti-inflammatory effects, with independent anti-cancer benefits against prostate cancer cells.
John Castagna's developed an algorithm to predict seismic-wave velocities for direct hydrocarbon indicator analysis, detecting oil and gas reservoirs more effectively. This advancement enables explorers to locate hydrocarbon discoveries with higher accuracy, reducing the need for costly drilling operations.
Studies on central and obstructive sleep apnea suggest that current treatments may not be effective in preventing deaths from heart disease. The findings emphasize the importance of finding better treatments and devices for central sleep apnea. Researchers recommend re-examining treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes and redu...
Researchers found that people with early dementia tend to rely more on familiar information pathways due to poor attentional control. This can lead to struggles with everyday tasks that require processing multiple pieces of information.