Researchers found that older adults increase activation in control-related brain regions and additional frontal brain areas when faced with difficult tasks. In contrast, young adults tend to deactivate certain brain regions. These findings suggest that older adults can adapt to challenging situations, although their brains may respond ...
A study found that early cognitive deficits in premature infants, such as poorer attention and recognition memory, fully account for lower cognitive scores at 2- and 3-years-old. The researchers also discovered a cascade of effects where speed influenced memory, which then impacted general cognitive ability.
Scientists studying the Helheim glacier in Greenland found it has sped up from 70 feet per day to nearly 110 feet per day, thinning by over 130 feet since 2001. This accelerated melting could have dramatic implications for climate models and increase sea level rise.
A focus on process can minimize decision difficulty for high-stakes choices like financial investments and healthcare. By honing in on a succinct decision process, individuals can make decisions more efficiently, especially when faced with aversive options.
The study reveals that consumers' feelings can either promote or deter purchases, depending on whether the product is perceived as mood-lifting or negative. Those in a positive emotional state are more likely to be receptive to products, while those in a negative state are not.
A study of 14,200 patients with type 2 diabetes found that fenofibrate reduced total CVD events by 11% due to a decrease in non-fatal heart attacks and bypass surgery. The drug was well-tolerated but associated with increased risks of pancreatitis and pulmonary embolism.
The new CD-ROM provides a wide range of resources, including patient education brochures, professional educational materials, and web links to numerous useful resources. The CD-ROM has been overwhelmingly approved by healthcare professionals, who will use it to better understand and manage childhood rheumatic diseases.
A comprehensive vision restoration-rehabilitation program facilitated access to new eyeglasses, cataract surgery, or low-vision care for 31% of eligible nursing home residents. The study found that without such assistance, only 2% of identified patients received cataract surgery.
Dr. Shiriki Kumanyika has won the first-ever American Heart Association Population Research Prize and the 2005 Dr. Herbert W. Nickens Epidemiology Award from the Association of Black Cardiologists, Inc., for her tireless efforts in preventing heart disease, stroke, and related disorders.
Researchers discovered an ancient brewery with a 1,800-liter capacity at Cerro Baúl, a sacred mountain in southern Peru. The brewery was abandoned and partially burned to the ground 1,000 years ago, along with a final batch of chicha, a fermented alcoholic drink central to the Wari culture.
Researchers have engineered mice to produce amyloid plaques in their brains, finding that treatment with drugs lowering Abeta production can prevent progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, treatment cannot reverse the disease. Early treatment with these drugs may be crucial in slowing or stopping its spread.
Researchers followed nearly 6,000 women with metabolic syndrome over nine years, finding that cardiorespiratory fitness reduced overall deaths and heart disease-specific deaths to rates similar to those without the condition. Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower risk factors and improved heart health.
A recent study found considerable variation in drink size, particularly for spirits and wine, which can affect individuals' ability to track their alcohol consumption. The study suggests that using a single standard drink size of 0.6 ounces may be helpful for simplifying messages about safe drinking limits.
A recent study found that consumers are more likely to choose a brand with letters similar to their own name. This effect is most pronounced when self-esteem or immediate need for the product are involved. The research suggests that specific conditions, such as threatening situations or relevant needs, influence this phenomenon.
A new multilateral initiative aims to develop a sustainable malaria research infrastructure in Africa by supporting competitively awarded grants for centers of excellence. Trained African scientists are crucial in assembling interdisciplinary teams and conducting research projects focused on developing better tools to fight the disease.
High doses of COX-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs are associated with a higher risk of death, according to the study. Patients taking high doses of celecoxib or rofecoxib were found to be at a strikingly higher risk of death compared to those not taking NSAIDs.
Researchers have identified a key role for dendritic cells in the development of childhood autoimmune disease, offering a new strategy for designing more effective treatments. The study found that dendritic cells mature and migrate to muscle tissue in response to an unknown trigger, highlighting a potential target for intervention.
A Johns Hopkins team found that aged rats with preserved cognitive abilities have a different mechanism for storing memories, relying on a different neurochemical device. This discovery could lead to the development of new preventive treatments and therapies based on what healthy older brains are doing.
New PCI guidelines address 'door-to-balloon time' of 90 minutes or less, emphasizing the importance of drug-eluting stents and anti-clotting medications. The guidelines also provide strategies for ensuring best possible patient outcomes and monitoring quality of care.
A Phase III clinical trial led by Duke University researchers found that edifoligide, a drug designed to prevent vein clogging in coronary bypass surgery, was no more effective than a placebo. The study showed that edifoligide had no significant impact on preventing neointimal hyperplasia, the process that causes veins to narrow and fail.
Scientists at Stanford University have developed a new microscope that allows them to track the real-time motion of a single protein down to its individual atoms. The device uses infrared light to trap and control forces on a functional protein, enabling researchers to monitor its every move in real time.
Researchers identified six gene variants associated with post-operative myocardial infarction following cardiac surgery. Collectively, these variants can explain 75% of the variability in heart damage, allowing physicians to identify high-risk patients and take precautions during and after surgery.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine successfully used a 3D map of the heart to perform cardiac ablation, eliminating the need for radiation exposure and improving patient safety. The technique used sensor-guided catheter and electro-anatomic mapping to precisely target diseased heart tissue.
Researchers at EMBL and universities in Heidelberg and Ulm found that blocking a specific signal within brain cells may help prevent cell death after a stroke. The study suggests new therapies could be developed by controlling a molecule involved in passing the signal.
Lorraine Iacovitti and her team have created a quicker method using defined additives from human origin to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into dopamine-producing neurons in three weeks. This new approach aims to reduce the risk of immune rejection by eliminating animal-derived substances.
A recent study found that pretreating vein grafts with edifoligide did not prevent graft failure in coronary artery bypass surgery, despite its potential to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. The study included 3,014 patients and demonstrated the effectiveness of targeted drug delivery to specific tissues or organs.
A Brg1 mutation in mice reveals the importance of SWI/SNF complexes in beta-globin regulation and erythropoiesis. This study may provide insight into common ailments such as beta thalassemia and anemia. The findings highlight the significance of chromatin-remodeling complexes in development and physiology.
A study by the University of Florida found that moderately active rats have healthier DNA and more robust brain cells than their sedentary counterparts. Regular mild exercise can prevent oxidative damage, which is believed to contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline with age.
The ketogenic diet has been found to enhance brain energy production and increase neuron stability, leading to improved resistance to seizures. Researchers discovered that the diet's effects on gene expression and mitochondrial function contribute to its anticonvulsant properties.
Researchers at USF Health found that cord blood cells administered two days post-stroke reduced brain inflammation and improved recovery in rats. The study challenges the notion of immediate cell death in the brain's core region, suggesting a delayed process of apoptosis may occur instead.
The book examines how the New Guinea conflict arose, developed, and was resolved. Historian Pieter Drooglever presents information from interviews and archival research, shedding light on the 'Act of Free Choice' referendum in 1969.
A new DNA-based technique measures soil suitability for onion crops by detecting nematodes and fungus at the molecular level. This method surpasses traditional microscopic methods in accuracy and speed, enabling growers to make informed decisions about crop cultivation.
Researchers investigate which nanomaterial sizes, shapes, compounds, and coatings harm or kill cells. The aim is to develop non-toxic types using 'green' nanomaterials, addressing growing concerns about nanoparticle health impacts.
The NSF grant supports research into thin films, complex multiphase materials, and human cell adhesion. The center aims to develop more durable materials and create better medical tests and treatments.
Researchers at Universiteit van Amsterdam and Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen developed a one-pot synthesis of complex molecules, resulting in faster reaction rates and higher yields. This innovation has the potential to reduce waste substances and energy needed in pharmaceutical production.
Researchers at the University of Utah are developing a hydrogel that helps grow new tissue for repairing diseased organs. The gelatin-like substance, made from sugar chains, is essential for organ printing, which aims to print living, three-dimensional tissue for transplantation.
The LINK Applied Genomics Programme accelerated application of genomics knowledge in biomedicine through industry-academia collaboration. Highlights include nerve tissue regeneration, personalized cancer treatment, rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, and vaccine development against salmonella.
A study of Buddhist Insight meditation practitioners found thicker regions in the brain involved in mindfulness activities. The results suggest that long-term meditation practice may slow down age-related brain thinning and improve cognitive functions.
Researchers found that HAART can reduce the risk of tuberculosis in HIV patients, but not eliminate it. Patients who are immunodeficient or exposed to TB in a hospital setting are at increased risk of developing active TB.
Researchers at Queen's University have developed a new eye movement test to identify children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which affects approximately one percent of Canadian children. The test can cut across cultural barriers and provide objectivity in identifying the disorder, allowing for improved treatment.
Increased dampness in Dutch dune valleys creates favourable conditions for certain plant species. Research reveals that restoration projects can be effective when specific characteristics are met.
The investigational methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) demonstrated statistically significant reductions in ADHD symptoms and was well-tolerated in patients aged 6 to 12. MTS improved behavior, math performance, and overall symptom reduction compared to placebo.
A study identified measurable differences in the skin of diabetes patients, particularly those with peripheral neuropathy, before ulcerative foot disease develops. The findings also showed reduced energy reserves in foot muscles, highlighting microcirculatory changes as a major factor.
Climate scientists highlight human impact on temperature extremes, while researchers develop a new method to predict catastrophic earthquakes. Meanwhile, hurricane intensification may be linked to eyewall precipitation patterns.
Dr. Robbins' research focuses on understanding the cellular functions of the heart and identifying genes associated with heart disease. He has developed genetically modified laboratory models to study the connection between protein mutations and heart disease.
Researchers created a three-dimensional computer model that generates Jupiter's massive east-west winds and alternating jets at higher latitudes. The model suggests convection driven by deep internal heat sources powers the surface winds, providing a possible answer to why they remain stable for centuries.
Researchers found that exercise improves physical function and psychological benefits in older adults, increasing self-efficacy, quality of life, and overall satisfaction with life. Physical activity over time is associated with greater improvements in self-esteem and affect.
The Idle-Free Quiet Zone Campaign, now in its fourth year, aims to reduce unnecessary idling in commercial vehicles. The 15-week campaign promotes techniques such as separate cab heaters and engine timers to minimize fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
The new criteria allow for an earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with minimal loss of diagnostic accuracy. The revised guidelines also reduce the number of MRI scans required to evaluate disease progression, making it a powerful tool for diagnosing MS and excluding alternative diagnoses.
A recent study reveals that approximately $230 billion in national healthcare spending is devoted to insurance administration. Insurance companies spend around 10% of premiums on billing and marketing activities, while physicians' offices allocate 14%, with hospitals using 9%. The study found that only 66% of health insurance dollars a...
A Florida State University research team has developed a biomedical device called a perfusion bioreactor that allows for the large-scale growth of adult stem cells from bone marrow. The device mimics the body's circulatory system and delivers nutrients to stem cells, enabling controlled differentiation into various tissue types.
The University of Queensland is leading a world-first consortium to create an Australian Minerals Science Research Institute, funded by a $8.6 million ARC grant. The five-year research program will focus on sustainable mining and mineral processing, with potential applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food production.
Monash University has received $32 million in ARC funding for diverse research projects, including investigating immunity and infection control. The university's Civil Engineering department will use the grant to predict and reduce water and gas leakage in underground pipes.
A recent study analyzing ancient DNA from skeletons of early European farmers found that they did not contribute heavily to the genetic makeup of modern Europeans. Six out of 24 skeletons showed rare genetic signatures, suggesting that early farmers left only a minor genetic legacy in central Europe.
Patients who received statin medication before carotid artery surgery experienced a three-fold lower stroke rate and five-fold lower mortality rate compared to those who did not. Statins may reduce the risk of stroke by reducing plaque fragmentation or clot formation, although the exact mechanism is unclear.
A mathematical model developed by Rhode Island College mathematicians correctly predicted the Cy Young winners in both leagues, except for a relief pitcher award. The model accurately forecasted Dontrelle Willis and Johann Santana as second-place finishers in their respective leagues.
A new study found that a woman's perception of her own attractiveness has no significant impact on her current sexual satisfaction. Women reported feeling more attractive at younger ages and experiencing declines in desire or activity over time, but still reported high levels of enjoyment during sex.
The Pierre Auger Observatory is constructing an array of 1600 detectors in Argentina to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The collaboration includes 370 scientists from 60 institutions and has set out to answer fundamental questions about the origins of these rare particles.
A study by the University of Chicago found that identical twins shared similar characteristics of loneliness at a rate of 50%, while fraternal twins shared at 25%. The research suggests that genetics may play a significant role in the development of loneliness, which can have severe consequences on mental and physical health.
The research examines how the U.S. Supreme Court can assist powerful officials in achieving their ideological objectives through direct political action. Key findings include states as a crucial factor in generating national political support for judicial review and the importance of entrenched interests and fragmented coalitions in sh...