Researchers at University College London develop a novel method for obtaining full 3D images of nanocrystal interiors using coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. This technique allows for the assessment of defects in materials, which are essential for specific properties, and enables single-molecule imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers.
Studies in mice genetically engineered to mimic Down's syndrome found that increased expression of one gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP), disrupts transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) and leads to neuronal death. Restoring normal cellular levels of a Trk receptor for BDNF rescues neuronal death.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo are part of a global effort to prevent type 1 diabetes through a $172 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The project aims to identify 100,000 individuals at risk and test interventions to halt the onset of the disease.
A population-based study of twin pairs in Norway found that genetic factors influence the use and misuse of illicit drugs. The study replicated findings from previous research conducted in Anglophonic countries with higher rates of drug use disorder.
Dr. Brownlee, a leading researcher in type 1 diabetes, has been awarded the prestigious JDRF Scholar Award to pursue innovative research directions. He aims to develop strategies to reduce susceptibility to diabetic complications through his studies on hyperglycemic memory and free radical production.
Researchers found that AAS abusers had statistically significant levels of gingival enlargement compared to non-users, requiring a gingivectomy for many cases. Gingival inflammation was also higher in the user group, suggesting potential long-term effects on periodontal health.
A study by Dr. Eric Fombonne and colleagues found no link between MMR vaccinations and autism rates in Quebec children, contradicting previous concerns. The incidence of autism remained high despite reductions in thimerosal use.
The University of Utah will build a 32-inch research-class optical telescope in southern Utah with the help of a $600,000 donation from the Willard L. Eccles Foundation. The telescope will be used for research, education, and public outreach, including star-gazing parties and astronomy camps.
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who are physically active have a significantly lower death rate than inactive individuals. A study published in Circulation found that higher physical activity levels are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death in PAD patients.
As early as 20 years from now, Germany's hours worked per capita may decrease by 8 percent due to the aging population. This shift requires a more flexible and evenly distributed workforce to maintain productivity.
Researchers discovered that slow-moving silent earthquakes can trigger swarms of tiny conventional tremors, potentially providing early warnings for mega-earthquakes. This discovery has raised hopes for seismic hazard forecasting in subduction zones worldwide.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that the loss of menin protein leads to proliferation of pancreatic islet cells, which secrete insulin. This finding has implications for treating Type 1 diabetes and could lead to new treatments.
Researchers from Northwestern University have developed a three-dimensional culture system to preserve immature eggs for female fertility preservation. The technology, which mimics the ovary environment, has successfully led to the live birth of healthy mice from in vitro grown follicles.
The study suggests a novel approach for duplicating leptin's actions when the body no longer responds to the hormone. STAT3 production is essential for leptin's best-known action: acutely reducing food intake. Activating STAT3 may allow normalizing appetite and producing health benefits for obesity, diabetes and infertility.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital have identified a gene that overexpressed causes neurons responsible for attention and memory to shrivel in people with Down syndrome. Deleting or reducing the expression of this gene may provide therapeutic options for cognitive decline.
Researchers have determined the life cycle of operons, small groups of genes with related functions co-transcribed in a single strand of messenger RNA. The findings reveal that operon creation and destruction lead to large changes in gene expression patterns, suggesting adaptation to environmental stresses.
A new study published in The Lancet Oncology reveals that boost radiotherapy is an effective strategy to prevent cancer recurrence in young women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Researchers found that the most effective approach was radiotherapy with a boost, which significantly reduced the risk of cancer return.
Chinese immigrants aspire to Australia's free, democratic culture with a focus on social and environmental interests. They perceive Australians as friendly, open, and balanced between work and enjoyment.
Researchers found that pretreatment with rapamycin induces a protective effect against heart attack injury by maintaining ATP levels in heart cells. The study suggests that rapamycin may be beneficial as a potential therapeutic strategy to limit cell death and prevent long-term heart damage.
Scientists propose using GPS to aid in ocean-wide tsunami warning systems by detecting early seismic wave data. Researchers also explore unsolved problems in the lowermost mantle, including the origin of the D
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a theoretical model explaining how hot spring water deposits calcium-carbonate minerals, forming travertine and shaping landscapes. The model reveals that rocks grow at a rate of 1 millimeter per day, contradicting common assumptions about erosion.
Researchers identified PAR-domain basic leucine zipper transcription factors as key players in modulating detoxifying genes and handling chemicals. The study suggests that circadian clocks play a crucial role in modulating drug toxicity, potentially leading to improved treatment regimens.
UM researchers discover benzodiazepine-423 inhibits F1F0-ATPase enzyme, reducing ATP production while selectively targeting disease-causing cells. This mechanism may open new avenues for treating various conditions including lupus, arthritis, and psoriasis.
The GeriEd Program aims to improve physicians' skills in medicine and navigating the healthcare system to better care for elderly patients. The program will target 157 practicing physicians and residents, as well as 750 medical students annually.
Researchers aim to determine if metabolic changes in 'hibernating' heart cells limit their ability to recover after revascularization. The grant builds on previous work using a novel pig model with hibernating myocardium.
The Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has won four prestigious R&D 100 Awards for its innovative technology advances, including a carbon-measuring instrument, high-efficiency solar cells, and neutron generators. These awards recognize the lab's efforts to enhance energy, economic, and national security.
Scientists at NIST and partner institutions report strong evidence that magnetic fluctuations enable resistance-free passage of electric current in high-temperature superconductors. The findings should open new avenues of research into the exotic properties of these materials.
A new report warns that carbon dioxide emissions are dramatically altering ocean chemistry, threatening marine organisms such as corals and pteropods. The report highlights the potential impacts on marine food webs, biodiversity, and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for further research to understand these changes.
A University of Colorado study suggests using a gigantic, daisy-shaped space shield to block out light from parent stars and allow telescopes to image distant Earth-like planets. The concept enables astronomers to identify planetary features and detect biomarkers like methane and oxygen.
Sue J. Gross and William H. Gross have made a $10 million gift to UC Irvine to support stem cell research, enabling scientists to collaborate and advance the field. The donation will facilitate research efforts and build a proposed Stem Cell Research Center building.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that exposure to radioactive iodine after Chornobyl increases the risk of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. Researchers estimate that 75% of thyroid cancer cases could have been avoided without radiation, highlighting a substantial contribution of radioac...
A study by Lessios and Robertson confirms close relationships between reef fish populations on both sides of the Pacific barrier, with gene flow occurring in both directions. The researchers rule out major changes in currents or geological events as barriers to population separation.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have discovered a novel class of tumor-targeting compounds that inhibited tumor growth by up to 80 percent in animal studies. The compounds, designed to mimic anti-angiogenic proteins, show promise in treating solid and liquid tumors, including those found in leukemia and other blood cancers.
The study estimates that birds have been going extinct at a rate of about one species per year since 1500, exceeding the natural rate by 100 times. Conservation efforts are reducing extinction rates to about one bird species every three or four years, but more species are likely to disappear during the 21st century.
Embryonic stem cells diversify to form various neural structures when cultured on different surfaces, with laminin influencing specific pathways crucial for brain cell generation and survival. Laminin's role in directing stem cells to become specialized neurons sheds light on fundamental mysteries of brain development.
A recent study found that pregnant women with fibromyalgia suffer from heightened pain and fatigue. The research also highlights the need for better diagnosis and support for these women, who often struggle to manage their condition.
Researchers found strong association between PON2-PON3 gene cluster polymorphisms and sporadic ALS, a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Gene variations may help elucidate the cause of sporadic ALS, potentially leading to specific treatments.
The study found that therapies boosting adiponectin might be beneficial for treating insulin resistance and diabetes. Adiponectin increases mitochondrial number and function in skeletal muscle, exerting antidiabetic effects.
A new study from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found that relaxing the minimum legal size requirement for lobsters and reducing trap numbers can improve sustainability. This approach would also increase lobstermen's incomes and benefit regional economies.
The Human Variome Project aims to catalog human mutations, providing valuable information for people in developing countries. The project has already yielded significant results, including identifying genetic variants that make people resistant to asthma drugs and those predisposed to schizophrenia.
A K-State geography professor is researching how land use and land cover changes affect human health and food security. He uses remote sensing technology to monitor the spread of infectious diseases, such as hantavirus, and identify ecological context factors contributing to disease emergence.
Researchers measure lifetimes of low-energy excitations in MnF2, a model system for understanding spin wave interactions. The data provide insight into the nature and strength of these interactions, helping to answer a longstanding question in physics.
A UC Berkeley study found that in utero exposure to DDT is linked to lower developmental scores in children, while nursing was beneficial despite DDT transmission through breast milk. The study suggests that the benefits of nursing may outweigh the potentially harmful effects of DDT transmission.
A new study suggests a link between abdominal obesity and an increased risk of colon cancer, with waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio being key factors. Additionally, incidence rates of ocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been rising rapidly, with no signs of slowing down.
Studies show varenicline significantly improves continuous abstinence rates compared to placebo and bupropion SR at all time points. Varenicline reduces craving and withdrawal, increasing the odds of quitting smoking.
Researchers discovered a dopamine drug that stimulates new neuron development and restores function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The treatment, 7-OH-DPAT, led to significant improvements in motor functions and neuronal connections.
A recent study has found that childhood cancer survivors are more likely to experience premature menopause, with radiation to the ovaries and certain chemotherapy treatments identified as major risk factors. The study's results have significant implications for counseling and treatment strategies for affected survivors.
Researchers at the University of Bristol successfully regenerated cartilage in injured knees using bioengineered tissue implants. The study showed that engineered cartilage tissue can grow and mature even in knees affected by osteoarthritis, offering a promising approach to treating joint damage.
The proposed reforms aim to restrict entry to workers whose skills will benefit the UK, but critics warn they may increase exploitation and human trafficking. Migrant workers already make up over 12% of high-income countries' workforces, often in low-skilled jobs.
Researchers discovered that heat, specifically above 40 degrees Celsius, blocks pain receptors by inhibiting chemical messengers. This finding has implications for developing pain relief drugs targeting P2X3 receptors.
A recent study found that hospital quality measures do not fully account for the variation in hospital death rates for heart attack patients. The study used data from over 962 hospitals and found moderate correlations between certain process measures, such as medication use, and patient outcomes.
A study found that extreme obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol in women. Women with extreme obesity were more likely to die over the average 7-year follow-up period than those in other weight categories.
Researchers find that female mice can maintain a steady number of eggs throughout adulthood, contradicting the long-held assumption that eggs decline with age. The study's findings suggest potential directions for ovarian stem cell research and fertility treatments.
A study found that exposure to radioactive iodine after the Chornobyl accident significantly increases the risk of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. The researchers estimate that 75% of these cases could have been avoided without radiation exposure.
A recent US study found that women with obesity have a significantly higher risk of death compared to those with normal weight. The study, which analyzed data from 90,185 women over seven years, showed that the risk of death increases substantially with increasing weight categories.
The ESC recommends developing joint clinical services with common diagnostic pathways, trained specialists in multiple imaging modalities, and evaluation of tests based on clinical outcomes. This collaboration aims to improve the quality of life of European populations by reducing cardiovascular disease's impact.
A new project at Cornell University aims to create a 'paint-by-numbers' system to evaluate NSF's STEM education programs. The researchers will develop tools, including Web-based networking platforms, to facilitate easy reporting and comparison of results among similar fields.
A study found that only 15% of adolescent sexual assault survivors completed the full 28-day course of antiviral medications, highlighting difficulties in prescribing therapies to this population. The lack of adherence is attributed to factors such as unclear risk assessment and psychiatric conditions.
Researchers found that using a suction device during minimally invasive angioplasty and stenting improves kidney function, reducing damage to the kidneys. The study suggests that this technique can lead to better outcomes and more effective treatments for patients with renal artery stenosis.
A new study found that juries are more likely to hand down death sentences to defendants with stereotypically black features when the victim is white, but not in cases involving black-on-black homicide. The study controlled for nonracial factors and suggests jurors equate stereotypical black features with degree of criminality.