Researchers have identified a potential new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease by developing compounds that bind to the p75NTR receptor, preventing neurotrophin-mediated cell death. The study suggests these compounds may inhibit the death of oligodendrocytes and promote neuronal survival.
Routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination has the potential to save millions of lives, particularly children under five years old. The seven-valent vaccine is already licensed and in use in over 60 countries, and formulations with additional serotypes are being developed to target strains commonly causing death and disability.
Researchers have developed a new laser technique that removes hydrogen from silicon surfaces at room temperature, allowing for the growth of silicon devices at lower temperatures. This breakthrough could enable faster and more precise manufacturing of microelectronic devices.
The study found that escalating biphasic energy regimens were more successful in terminating ventricular fibrillation (VF) and converting to an organized rhythm for secondary shocks. However, the difference was not seen in overall survival rates.
A University of Alberta study found that teenaged girls aged 14-17 viewed cellphones as a means to balance freedom and responsibility, with parents' concerns driving their behavior. Despite advertisements showcasing independence, the girls prioritized staying safe and answering home calls.
A new study has demonstrated the use of PET imaging to track diabetes progression by measuring beta cell mass. The method uses a molecule expressed in both beta cells and the central nervous system, allowing for non-invasive imaging of beta cells in rats and potentially human subjects.
Researchers at Indiana University Bloomington found that even when ovary extracts are diluted 100,000 times, some sperm cells still respond to the scent. This discovery may help scientists understand problems with human conception and develop a diagnostic tool for male infertility.
The LA Kids program significantly reduced pediatric epinephrine dosing errors in cardiac arrest cases, with correct doses increasing from 28% to 57% and doses within 20% of the exact dose rising from 44% to 70%. The study emphasizes the importance of system-wide changes and education.
A recent study found that witnessing intimate partner violence as a child does not increase the risk of becoming a victim of IPV as an adult. Adult Child Witnesses were more likely to be less than 40 years old, have lower incomes, and have been abused as children.
Scientists have found that temperature variations are more intimately linked across time scales than previously thought. The researchers used measurements from corals, ice cores, and sediment cores to estimate past temperatures, revealing a stronger connection between annual and decadal cycles.
Researchers highlight disparities in bystander CPR for Latino victims of cardiac arrest. Therapeutic hypothermia also shows promise in reducing mortality and neurological damage after cardiac arrest.
A new measure of heart rate deceleration capacity has been found to be a stronger predictor of mortality than traditional measures in patients who have had a heart attack. This alternative marker for wellbeing can detect high-risk patients even if current gold-standard measures fail.
Researchers found that cooling a person by 2°C during the first day after resuscitation can significantly improve their chances of recovering from cardiac arrest. The study, which used rats to replicate human brain injury, showed that even modest cooling of the brain can have beneficial effects on recovery.
Researchers discovered a web of inter-related responses that cells use to avoid becoming diseased or cancerous after being exposed to environmental toxins. The findings could eventually be used to develop drugs to boost DNA repair in response to environmental toxins and possibly treat inherited degenerative diseases.
The consortium aims to enhance the quality and consistency of materials used in drug tablets, processed foods, agrichemicals, and composite organic products. Research will focus on particle shapes, forces that bind materials together, and efficient production of structured materials.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a non-invasive method to measure beta cell mass in diabetic rats using positron emission tomography (PET)-based quantitation of pancreatic radiolabeled VMAT2 receptors. This method has the potential to study the pathogenesis of diabetes and monitor therapeutic interventions.
A new model forecasts a significant decline in winter snowpack between now and 2100, affecting mountains in temperate zones. The Sierras, Cascades, and southern Rockies will be among the hardest hit, with some regions losing up to 64% of their current snowpack.
Research finds that moderate stress during pregnancy may be associated with children being more advanced in mental and motor development at age 2. However, this effect is not seen in the children's ability to regulate their emotions or behavior.
A recent study published in Child Development found that moderate maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with improved early childhood development. The research followed 137 women and their children, revealing that prenatal stress did not hinder temperaments or behavior regulation.
A recent study found that factors such as development, population growth, and failing water supply systems contribute significantly to water emergencies in Rockland County, N.Y. The researchers' findings suggest that the balance between water demand and supply is becoming increasingly fragile due to human activities.
The conference aims to define the scientific parameters of surge capacity, a critical measure of disaster preparedness. Experts will explore the linkages between disaster surge and daily surge, developing a better understanding of this complex issue.
A research team at the University of Central Florida has discovered a new protein called MCPIP that increases in levels as blood vessels become inflamed and heart disease develops. The formation of MCPIP leads to cell death, making it a potential target for treatments.
Infants exposed to 20 or more cigarettes a day are three times more likely to develop allergic rhinitis by their first birthday. Environmental tobacco smoke puts harmful particulates in the air that can lead to serious allergic conditions like asthma.
A new Medicare plan will create a significant gap in coverage for seriously ill patients, leaving them to pay out of pocket for expensive medications. This can lead to reduced treatment options and economic implications for healthcare providers.
Researchers discovered that neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex process information for future events to generate action plans, enabling monkeys to plan complex behaviors. The study provides new insights into the central function of behavioral planning in this higher brain region.
Researchers found that toddlers prefer learning from videos with two-way interaction and social cues, such as eye contact. The study suggests using interactive video in educational television for young children, providing a more engaging and effective learning experience.
A recent study reveals that both Egyptian and Nubian officials participated in the administration of Nubia during this time. The findings challenge traditional ideas of unidirectional change and modification of a subordinate population by a socially dominant group.
Researchers have discovered that astrocytes become activated when their whiskers are stimulated, sending signals to the brain. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that astrocytes don't communicate much and suggests they may be part of everyday brain function.
A study found that biopsy procedures doubled a woman's chances of becoming pregnant during the next round of IVF. The researchers suggest that mild distress from the procedure may provoke a response making conditions in the uterus favorable for implantation.
Researchers discover unique egg-forming structure in Amborella, potentially linking flowering plants to extinct gymnosperm ancestors. The novel embryo sac configuration could be a relic of intense evolutionary activity, shedding light on the origin and evolution of flowering plants.
A study of over 16,500 children aged 5-19 found that 1 in 50 teenagers still experience bedwetting. The researchers found that children with severe bedwetting problems are more likely to continue experiencing problems into adulthood. Mild bedwetting is more common among younger children, but severe problems increase with age.
Three tiny companions orbiting HD 69830 have been discovered by astronomers using the ESO's HARPS instrument. The newly found planets have minimum masses between 10 and 18 times the mass of Earth, with one located in the habitable zone.
A recent surge in dolphin deaths off the Zanzibar archipelago has sparked debate about pollution, underwater noise, and the impact of offshore industries. Dr. Jonathan David calls for mitigation measures to protect dolphin populations and suggests innovative solutions to minimize harm.
Research suggests tundra areas are greening over the entire growing season, with boreal forests showing significant greening in May and June. However, these gains are offset by browning in July and August, highlighting a need for improved process models of ecosystem responses to climate change.
A study published in Nature sheds light on how the body repairs wounds, revealing that a 'scaffolding' protein plays a crucial role in signaling proteins that lead to new protein manufacture and cell growth. Additionally, research in Genes and Development reveals a novel role for this protein in promoting hair follicle growth.
Researchers discovered that signals from rat whiskers travel through distinct regions in the thalamus along separate pathways for movement, touch, and complex signals. These pathways function within parallel feedback loops, enabling the brain to implement new behaviors by building on lower-level sensory inputs.
A new study from the Mayo Clinic contradicts previous research suggesting a link between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke risk. The study found that traditional cardiovascular risk factors are more important than PFOs in causing cryptogenic strokes in older adults, while younger patients may have a higher risk associated with PFOs.
A retrospective study found that closing PFOs and atrial septal defects with transcatheter devices is a safe treatment option for children and young adults who have had a stroke. Most patients remained symptom-free months after the procedure.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly 3,000 children and found small but reliable associations between child-care provider relationships and measures of attachment. Long-term stability of care was linked to secure relationships with providers.
Research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory investigated how transcriptional activity is connected to a cell's nucleus location. The study reveals that changes in the nucleus' position can significantly impact gene expression and cell behavior.
Researchers propose criteria for standardizing newborn hearing screening, including molecular genetic testing to identify common causes of birth-Expressed deafness. Prompt confirmation of abnormal results can dramatically improve educational outcomes for deaf infants.
Scientists have discovered a subducted slab of oceanic lithosphere at the base of the Earth's mantle, providing direct evidence for its presence. The finding reveals new insights into the processes driving tectonic plate movement, suggesting that ancient seafloor can sink to the bottom of the mantle.
The article examines how George W. Bush's response to 9/11 mirrored the diplomatic approach of President Woodrow Wilson during his era. The author, Lloyd E. Ambrosius, draws parallels between the two leaders' strategies, highlighting similarities in their use of international organizations and multilateral cooperation.
A team of seismologists detected a slab of sunken ocean floor at the Earth's core-mantle boundary, shedding light on mechanisms that give rise to volcanoes and earthquakes. The discovery suggests whole mantle circulation and provides new insights into the movement of tectonic plates.
Researchers at the University of Georgia discovered that protons knocked off a DNA base pair can cause chain damage, leading to lesions and replication errors. This finding could lead to serious disorders like cancer.
Researchers engineered mice with mutated EGFR genes that can be turned on or off to study lung tumorigenesis and treatment responses. Mutations in EGFR drive lung tumors into regression by inhibiting the gene or turning it off.
Researchers identified 37 HIV-1 protein fragments that triggered an immune response in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Healthy donors responded with large quantities of interferon gamma, while infected patients showed only a small proportion of cells mounting an adequate response.
A literature review reveals children learn about objective nonobservables like germs through matter-of-fact discussions. They also contribute to their understanding and appear more confident in scientific subjects than spiritual ones.
UC Davis researchers found that apple extract protects cells from damage and death by interfering with cellular communication. The study reveals a molecular mechanism for the antioxidant effects of flavonoids in apples, distinct from other fruits like grapes.
Researchers found that children who experienced institutional deprivation showed an IQ deficit of about 15 points, even after reunification. The study suggests that early deprivation can lead to 'developmental programming' and that some children may experience continued progress into adolescence.
The Rwenzori Mountains, home to one of four remaining tropical ice fields outside the Andes, are experiencing substantial reduction in glacial cover due to increasing air temperature over the last four decades. Glaciers are receding tens of meters each year, with less than one square kilometer of glacier ice remaining.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings editorial highlights need for further research on PFOs and stroke risk. Additional studies will help determine best course of treatment for patients with PFOs.
Researchers developed an MRI technique to measure cysts and kidneys in individuals with autosomal dominant PKD. The study found that both small and large cysts grew at steady rates, correlating with losses in kidney function.
Congressman Boehlert will receive the award for his strong advocacy of science and funding for agencies like the National Science Foundation. The presentation will take place at the AIBS Annual Meeting on May 24, addressing biodiversity and policy.
A recent UCLA study found no association between the MCPH1 and ASPM gene variants and differences in brain size. The researchers used MRI scans to measure brain size in 120 healthy individuals and identified those with these genetic variations, but their findings suggest caution when interpreting evolutionary advantages of these variants.
The NIH panel advocates for expanded regulation of vitamins and minerals, calling for changes in FDA's authority to ensure quality production and consumer reporting of adverse events. The panel also recommends rigorous randomized trials and new MVM databases to test efficacy and safety.
A recent study published in Social Science Quarterly reveals a link between Wal-Mart's expansion and increased poverty rates in local communities. The authors found that the arrival of large retail chains like Wal-Mart leads to the displacement of small businesses, resulting in reduced local leadership capacity.
Researchers found that the ventral mPFC region is more engaged when considering people like oneself, while the dorsal region is more active for dissimilar individuals. The study suggests that focusing on shared similarity between groups can help reduce prejudice.
A study published in Carcinogenesis reveals that sulforaphane, a compound in broccoli and cauliflower, can inhibit the development of hereditary colon cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor proliferation. The researchers found that mice fed with an SFN-supplemented diet developed significantly fewer and smaller tumors.
The study found that the two species split no more than 6.3 million years ago and probably less than 5.4 million years ago, suggesting an initial split followed by later hybridization before a final separation. Genome analysis revealed big surprises, with major implications for human evolution.