A recent study found that most adult beachgoers accurately reported their sun habits, with moderate to substantial agreement between self-report measures and objective procedures. The study used a novel sunscreen-swabbing procedure in real-world conditions, providing valuable insights into the validity of self-report sun habits.
A new study explores how boys view their fathers as the boys move from childhood into adulthood. The study found that men who witnessed marital violence as children were more likely to report being emotionally and physically abused by their fathers, and had lower ratings for their fathers' moral role.
The Berkeley Cancer Genome Center will use genome analysis to identify genetic changes involved in cancer. The center aims to analyze messenger RNA populations and exon-specific expression to understand cancer development.
A study of 227 individuals found that many consumers are unaware of tire aging as a potential problem. Researchers recommend improved warnings, clear information on tire degradation, and distribution through various channels to address this issue.
A long-term study found that preschoolers with ADHD benefit from low doses of methylphenidate, but may need higher doses later on to maintain effectiveness. The study also showed significant side effects, including growth rate changes and weight loss.
Researchers at Monash University will use stem cell therapies to treat autoimmune diseases like MS and diabetes by targeting a rogue immune system. The $5.23 million program aims to develop new treatments without excessive immunosuppressive regimes.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that a nonabsorbable antibiotic can effectively treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) even after treatment ends. The study showed sustained benefits for participants who received rifaximin, providing new hope for those suffering from IBS.
A study by human factors/ergonomics researchers found that virtual reality-based simulators can effectively train military medical personnel in high-stress conditions. The simulation tested the efficiency and quality of emergency chest tube thoracostomy procedures, revealing a correlation between faster completion times and poorer work...
The St. Jude technique enables blood stem cells from parents or unmatched adult siblings, reducing the need for harsh treatments and boosting the chance of cure. The modified transplantation method accelerates immune system recovery and reduces the risk of infections.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect metastasizing melanoma cells in the blood using photoacoustic detection, which can identify as few as 10 cancer cells. The technique uses laser techniques and ultrasound methods to emit noise from cancer cells, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.
Nicotine exposure at a young age can alter brain development, leading to future addiction risk. The study found molecular changes in the brain that break down nerve cell membranes, especially in males.
Analyzing carbon and nitrogen in hair strands can determine whether a person has an eating disorder, providing an objective measure for diagnosis. The test required only five strands of hair to predict with 80% accuracy whether a person had anorexia or bulimia.
Researchers have identified how the body's own immune system contributes to nerve fiber damage in multiple sclerosis. B-cells damage axons by inhibiting energy production, leading to degeneration and death. This finding could aid therapy development for this chronic disease.
A new study examines the implications of internet forum manipulation on policy decisions, R&D investments, and consumer trust. Strategic manipulation of online forums can have significant effects on both consumers and firms, highlighting the need for investments in technologies that discourage online manipulation.
A new study found that 30% of nations have not prioritized either vaccine nor drugs, while 49% prioritize antiviral drugs and 62% prioritize flu vaccines. The allocation decisions vary across countries, with healthcare workers consistently ranked top, but a wide variation in choosing next in line.
The Medtronic Straightshot M4 Microdebrider and Hospira's Symbiq Infusion System have won the 2006 User-Centered Product Design Award for their focus on functional obviousness, ease of operation, and creativity. The winning designs demonstrate user-centered approaches to human factors and industrial design.
A Phase 1 study of CERE-120, a gene therapy product, demonstrated significant symptom reduction in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, reducing UPDRS motor 'off' scores by approximately 40%. The treatment also showed promising results in improving 'on' time and reducing 'off' time.
A recent study suggests that prompt surveillance and containment of victims would be sufficient to thwart an epidemic in the event of a large bioterrorist US smallpox attack. Researchers found that mass pre-vaccination of the general population may not be necessary, as the benefits of vaccination are outweighed by potential side effects.
A study by ANU researchers highlights the vital role of GPs in containing pandemics, but notes regulatory and funding hurdles. The team's findings emphasize the need for collaborative practices to prepare for influenza outbreaks.
Researchers observed atomic decay patterns to establish the existence of element 118, producing previously unknown isotopes. The discovery brings the total number of new elements discovered by the Livermore-Dubna collaboration to five.
A web-based survey found that a substantial proportion of surgeons, residents, and medical students are interested in part-time training options with flexible schedules. The study aims to attract and retain female surgeons, who face lifestyle concerns and limited work-life balance.
Researchers developed a model to understand emergency manager decision-making and found that improved data from CASA radars can aid in the design of better training and visualizations. The study aims to enhance emergency management decisions about severe weather.
Researchers developed a DNA-based computer that can diagnose West Nile Virus and bird flu faster and more accurately. The technology has the potential to be used in instruments to diagnose and treat cancer, diabetes, and other diseases.
The Australian National University has secured $13.5 million in funding for its medical research initiatives, tackling key areas like cancer treatment and mental health policy. This funding boost reinforces ANU's reputation as a global leader in healthcare research.
A new study found that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reported greater global improvements in symptoms and less bloating after taking rifaximin, an antibiotic. The randomized, double-blind study demonstrated a sustained benefit of an antibiotic for IBS symptoms even after treatment was stopped.
A recent study assesses the effectiveness of available technologies for detecting nuclear devices at ports, highlighting significant vulnerabilities in current security measures. The authors propose an 11-layer security system and estimate a detection rate of 90% would require substantial investments.
Patients who received social support during and after a major intensive-care intervention showed reduced symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Better-perceived social support was associated with improved mental health, including lower levels of anxiety and better quality of life.
A study found that feeding babies alcoholic milk may protect against some food allergies. Kefir's friendly bacteria block the pathway involved in allergic responses, reducing IgE levels and activating cells responsible for histamine release. The research suggests kefir could be a promising tool in preventing allergies.
Juvenile hamsters on low doses of fluoxetine exhibit longer and more intense attacks compared to adults. The study suggests that brain maturity during puberty affects drug response, leading researchers to investigate potential negative effects on developing nervous systems.
A new analysis of over 5 million hospital discharges found a significant increase in kidney damage after coronary artery bypass surgery, but a decrease in mortality rate. The study suggests that current prevention strategies may not be effective and more research is needed to identify susceptible patients and effective treatments.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have shown that transplanting human stem cells into spinal cords of rats bred to duplicate Lou Gehrig's disease delays the start of nerve cell damage typical of the disease and slightly prolongs life. The transplanted stem cells develop into nerve cells that make substantial connections with existing nerves.
A recent ESRC study found that community regeneration professionals' commitment and resilience are deeply rooted in their early life experiences. The study highlights the importance of community development activities in regeneration areas and the need for policy makers and managers to grasp the distinction between capacities and skills.
Researchers identified IRF6 as a key gene causing cleft lip and palate disorders. The team also discovered that targeting this gene during pregnancy could lead to normal skin cell development.
Researchers at UW-Madison discover 2-deoxy-glucose blocks epileptic seizures in lab rats, a potential cure for up to half of all epileptic patients. The compound works by clogging cellular enzymes, allowing the body to use alternative energy sources.
Researchers at the University of Iowa identified a crucial role for IRF6 gene in skin development, which may lead to new treatments for cleft lip and palate. The study found that IRF6 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, shedding light on this critical cell type.
Researchers found that patients with uncontrolled high blood sugar before surgery are 6.2 times more likely to develop pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition. Tightening glucose control can reduce this risk and hospital stays.
Researchers at Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development have discovered a new molecular mechanism underlying neuropathic pain, which may lead to the development of new treatments. The research focuses on specific types of ion channels called 'pacemaker channels' that initiate constant pain signals to the brain.
Research at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that cocaine-addicted individuals have a flattened sensitivity to relative monetary rewards, making it harder to inhibit maladaptive behavior. This altered perception of reward is linked to changes in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region essential for monitoring and controlling behavior.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh found that dopamine levels remain elevated for an hour after neurons are stimulated, suggesting new mechanisms for sustained dopamine availability. This could have important implications for treating neurological disorders related to dopamine imbalance.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has awarded $15 million to the Earth Institute at Columbia University to advance scientific research and efforts to end poverty, disease, and hunger in Africa. The grant supports a dynamic strategy for achieving sustainable development in some of the world's poorest countries.
Researchers found that Vax2 protein shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm in response to Sonic hedgehog signaling molecule. In its nuclear state, Vax2 represses Pax6, allowing optic nerve development. In contrast, Pax6 regulates retinal fate. This coordination is crucial for proper eye development.
Adults with autism exhibit differences in coordinated neural activity, suggesting inefficient communication between brain regions. Researchers found abnormal connectivity patterns in the left hemisphere and decreased connections between frontal lobes and rest of autistic brain.
Researchers at Duke University have devised a new way to prolong the effects of an anti-inflammatory drug, potentially making it useful for providing longer-lasting treatment for osteoarthritis. The modified drug could last for several weeks rather than just hours, offering a significant clinical gain and fewer negative side effects.
A Montana State University researcher has made significant breakthroughs in developing a live vaccine against genital herpes. The study found that mice vaccinated with a genetically-modified herpes simplex virus type 1 showed no signs of disease after exposure to the wild-type strain.
The Women's Bioethics Project has launched a new podcast series titled 'The Scientist & the Ethicist', which explores topical ethical issues related to reproductive and genetic technologies. The podcast features conversations with prominent bioethicists discussing topics such as designer babies, genetic engineering, and cloning.
Scientists found that higher levels of acetylcholine during learning correlate with more detailed memories. The discovery could have implications for treating memory-related disorders.
The study on MRI and CT imaging technology will investigate the relationships between availability, usage, patient outcomes, and health care spending. The device development study will document the regulatory and commercialization processes for new medical technologies.
Researchers develop innovative process to combine low-energy photons in sunlight into higher-energy shortwave photons, boosting solar cells' efficiency. This breakthrough could enable the use of previously lost light energy, leading to a significant increase in solar cell efficiency.
Researchers aim to develop a laser fluorometer that detects multiple target pigments, distinguishing between different types of algae in turbid coastal waters. The tool will characterize microalgal populations rapidly and easily, helping to identify potentially harmful species during red tides.
The TGN1412 trial's failure led to serious adverse events in healthy volunteers. A review of the available data revealed essential information was absent from the research file, concluding that the compound was unsuitable for administration without additional pre-clinical experiments.
A new study found that low doses of sertraline taken before the onset of menstruation may be an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome. Researchers also tested two other dosing strategies, including daily medication throughout the menstrual cycle and symptom-onset dosing.
Georgia Tech researchers have developed a self-cleaning surface inspired by the lotus plant to improve photovoltaic arrays and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). The unique surface combines nano- and micron-scale structures with a waxy coating, allowing water and dirt to bead up and roll off instantly.
New research at Georgia Tech and Zoo Atlanta shows that giant pandas can discriminate between colors and various shades of gray. The study found that both pandas were able to choose the correct colored pipe in tests, indicating they have some sort of color vision.
Researchers successfully synthesized element 118 by firing Calcium ions into a Californium target, producing a record-setting atom that decayed rapidly. The discovery confirms previous claims made in 2006 and ends controversy surrounding the element's existence.
Diabetic patients using cutting-edge technologies like insulin pumps and blood glucose monitoring devices experience better disease management with reduced daily pain. However, the lack of strong scientific evidence and insufficient patient-education resources hinder their widespread adoption.
A groundbreaking FSU-led study calculates that phytoplankton generates about five times the annual total power consumption of humans, investing around one percent in mechanical energy. The findings suggest that the marine biosphere's mixing patterns may equal climate control, with potential implications for global climate regulation.
Scientists have begun a clinical safety trial in Africa to test the first vaccine to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to children through breastfeeding. The ALVAC-HIV vaccine, which has shown promise in monkeys and adult studies, aims to develop immunity in infants, preventing up to 8,000 infections per year in Uganda's children.
Scientists at Northwestern University have created a novel carbon nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical switch that exhibits bistability based on current tunneling. The device has the potential to revolutionize memory chips and electronic sensing devices.
Yale University and NFCR have established a research center to design and discover new anti-cancer drug treatments. The center will focus on developing beta-peptide inhibitors that can target abnormal protein-protein interactions, which are often present in cancer cells.
Researchers found that fluoxetine stimulates new bone formation under normal conditions and reverses total bone loss triggered by inflammation. The study suggests a link between serotonin reuptake inhibitors and improved bone health.