Research published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that high hourly air pollution levels significantly increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The study analyzed data from 13 major urban areas in Japan and found a doubling of stroke risk when particulate matter levels exceeded 200 ug/m3 two hours before death.
A study by Tufts University researchers found that pregnancy and lactation produce long-term changes in a mother's brain hormone receptors, which may improve maternal behavior and reduce anxiety levels. This discovery suggests that prior reproductive experience can shape the mother's physiology and behavior.
The invasive Didemnum species continues to thrive on Georges Bank, with colonies found in two areas where they were also detected in previous years. Scientists are concerned about the impact on local fisheries and shellfish aquaculture industries.
Actor Harrison Ford was recognized for his lifelong passion toward environmental issues, emphasizing the need for individual responsibility in conserving nature. He has been an integral part of Conservation International's mission to conserve biodiversity worldwide.
Researchers found that an enzyme called Cathepsin B breaks down the amyloid plaque protein in Alzheimer's disease, offering a potential new treatment approach. Increasing CatB activity reduced plaque deposits in mice with human APP, suggesting it could be a protective mechanism against AD.
A new generation of cartographers is emerging, thanks to innovative software programs that simplify map-making tasks. Dr. Mark Harrower's tools, such as Color Brewer and Map Shaper, empower users to create accurate and visually appealing maps, bridging the gap between scientific validity and artistic expression.
Research at the University of Alberta finds that perfectionist tendencies in young hockey players lead to increased anger and frustration. Players are more likely to experience emotional turmoil when faced with high-pressure games, with many struggling to control their emotions on the ice.
A major study from Karolinska Institutet found that eating fatty fish like salmon, sardines, and mackerel at least once a week reduces kidney cancer risk by up to 74% over a decade. The study also highlights the protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D in fatty fish.
Dr. Edith Widder, a marine biologist and explorer, has received a MacArthur Fellowship for her work on deep-sea exploration and conservation. Her research focuses on using innovative technologies to study and protect marine ecosystems, with significant breakthroughs in bioluminescence and ocean observation.
Dr. Kodadek's research aims to develop substances that can diagnose and block specific immune responses without suppressing the entire immune system, potentially treating autoimmune diseases and cancer. He will receive $500,000 per year for five years to pursue this innovative approach.
The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (MARC) will investigate the genetic basis of addiction and develop targeted therapies. The center aims to create educational programs for school-age children and provide clinical treatments for rural patients affected by meth use.
Researchers at UCI found that fat droplets serve as storage depots for excess proteins, regulating their presence in the cell. The study suggests that these droplets could help fight diseases caused by excessive protein production, such as prion diseases.
The International Council of Science (ICSU) has launched a new Regional Office in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to promote science development in Asia and the Pacific. The office aims to strengthen the voice of developing countries in international settings and support collaboration for socioeconomic development.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $117 million to establish and continue 11 multidisciplinary centers focused on biomedical research excellence, enhancing the competitiveness of investigators in historically underfunded states.
Scientists are researching ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage for Mars missions, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease. The research project is part of a $14-million study funded by NASA to determine the human brain's maximum safe cosmic radiation dose.
Scientists at University of Illinois designed and built ceramic microreactors to reform hydrocarbons into hydrogen for fuel cells. The new reactors achieved high-temperature operation, surpassing other fuel reformer systems in performance.
Brown University will receive a major grant to boost the representation of women in academic science and engineering careers. The ADVANCE program aims to increase retention and career advancement, providing resources such as administrative shadowing and mentoring programs.
Researchers are working to project the impacts of climate change on municipal water supplies by refining global climate models and customizing them for specific basins. This allows local governments and water planners to prepare for changes in tap water availability.
Researchers predict that climate change will reduce cyclamen's ideal climate range by over 60% within the next 50 years, putting many species at high risk of extinction. Mathematical modeling indicates that the plant may disappear from certain regions by the 2050s.
A new study by Dennis Chong and Dukhong Kim explores how economic status affects racial and ethnic minority groups in the US. The research reveals that improved socioeconomic status generally diminishes group consciousness among most minorities, but African Americans retain their racial identity due to ongoing discrimination.
A large cohort study found that women who consumed one or more servings of fatty fish per week had a 44% decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma compared to those who did not consume any fish. Fatty fish consumption was also associated with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, which may contribute to the reduced risk.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston discovered that curcumin blocks the activity of gastrointestinal hormone neurotensin, implicated in colorectal cancer development. Curcumin reduces IL-8 production, accelerating tumor growth and metastasis.
A recent NASA study found that clearing for mechanized cropland has become a significant force in Brazilian Amazon deforestation. The study suggests that the conversion of forests to croplands can have a more pronounced ecological and climate impact than other land conversions.
As technology improves life expectancy and oxygen therapy becomes more accessible at home, critical care physicians face a new challenge: honoring patient requests to discontinue supplemental oxygen. The commentary offers a four-step approach to help physicians overcome concerns and ensure patients' wishes are respected.
Research from Florida State University shows immigrant children are no more likely to repeat a grade than their American-born counterparts. In fact, first- and second-generation boys are 54% less likely to be held back than their male peers.
Three Stanford University School of Medicine researchers, Kwabena Boahen, Karla Kirkegaard, and David Relman, have won the NIH Director's Pioneer Award. They will receive $2.5 million over five years to pursue new research directions that are not already funded.
The Indiana University Center for Bioethics has established a Program in Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in Predictive Health Research with a $750,000 grant. The program aims to address the ethical concerns surrounding large-scale health research projects, including informed consent and data ownership.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics has awarded NASA's Earth Observing System Program the 2006 Space Systems Award. The program, which comprises a series of Earth-observing satellites and an advanced data system, is being recognized for its outstanding achievements in global environmental monitoring.
A team of German scientists has uncovered a genetic basis for the human familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS), which causes people to go to sleep and wake up early. The study identified a mutated gene, PER2, and its phosphorylation sites that lead to the disorder's symptoms.
A recent special issue of Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment highlights China's environmental concerns, including water and air pollution, cropland loss, and biodiversity decline. The country's rapid urbanization is also exacerbating these issues, with over 50% of its population expected to live in towns and cities by 2020.
Research emphasizes the importance of preconception care in reducing pregnancy risks, birth defects, and premature birth. Experts recommend discussing reproductive health with doctors during routine visits.
A team of RIT scientists digitally restored a 700-year-old palm-leaf manuscript containing the essence of Hindu philosophy, preserving the original writings attributed to scholar Shri Madvacharya. The processed images will be stored in various media formats for long-term preservation and made available to scholars.
A research team led by Virginia Tech professor Andrea Dietrich aims to identify the cause of metallic flavors in chemotherapy patients and develop preventive methods. The study will also explore the role of antioxidants and investigate the relationship between metal ions and health outcomes.
A recent study published in the Journal of Physiology found that short bursts of intense exercise separated by recovery time provide similar benefits to longer periods of moderate exercise. High-intensity interval training can be an effective option for those with limited time, burning calories during and after exercise.
Researchers found that third-generation aromatase inhibitors increased the survival time for patients with advanced breast cancer. The meta-analysis suggests that these inhibitors should be used as an initial therapy for these patients.
Radiation therapy significantly reduces risk of subsequent mastectomy and invasive breast cancer in both low- and high-risk patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Autoimmune conditions are also associated with increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma, according to two new studies.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that women with breast implants have a 73% higher suicide rate compared to the general population. However, the study also revealed no increase in mortality risk among these women.
Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine will transition to Wiley, focusing on translational and personalized medicine, featuring articles on clinical care, bio-medical research, and patient outcomes. The journal's redesign aims to bridge the gap between scientific discovery and clinical application.
Low-dose aspirin treatment may cause an extra case of gastrointestinal complications, such as ulcer bleeding or perforation, in susceptible groups. The authors conclude that for some patients taking aspirin to reduce their risk of heart attack, the risk of gastrointestinal complications might outweigh the cardioprotective effects.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have uncovered the mechanism by which Yersinia proteins disrupt host cell structure, killing their hosts. A mutation that impairs this process significantly reduces the bacteria's virulence, offering a potential target for new antibiotics.
A University of Michigan Health System study found that while more small kidney tumors are being detected and treated, the death rate from kidney cancer is not decreasing. The researchers suggest re-examining treatment strategies for patients with small renal masses, as surgery may not be the best option for everyone.
A recent study published in Journal of Vision found that judging facial similarity in children can accurately estimate the probability that two children are close genetic relatives. Researchers used participants' ratings to transform into estimates of genetic relatedness.
Researchers found that young children who receive musical training show distinct brain development and improved memory compared to untrained peers. After a year, musically trained children performed better in memory tests correlated with general intelligence skills.
Researchers developed a new mouse strain with a gene mutation that mimics human leukemia. The study found that the mutation affects Hox genes, leading to rapid cell growth and increased lifespan of cancer cells. The findings suggest that understanding this process could lead to new therapeutic options for AML patients.
The incidence of kidney cancer has risen over the past two decades, with small renal masses accounting for most cases. Despite increased surgeries, mortality rates have not decreased, suggesting that current treatments may not be effective for these slow-growing tumors.
Biologists at UCSD discovered red and yellow monkeyflowers have distinct pollinators, with hummingbirds preferred for the red form and hawkmoths for the yellow. The shift in flower color is likely due to natural selection by these different pollinators.
A commonly used acne treatment has been found to increase depressive behavior in mice, sparking concerns about its potential effects on humans. The study, published in Neuropsychopharmacology, suggests a possible link between the active molecules of Roaccutane and depression-related behaviors.
A large prospective cohort study found that extremely high levels of lipoprotein(a) in women are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events, particularly those with high LDL-C levels. The study included over 27,000 initially healthy women and followed them for 10 years.
The 2006 CIO Survey conducted by Professor Jerry Luftman found that IT executives prioritize business alignment but struggle to achieve it, instead focusing on technology innovation. The survey also reveals an increase in reporting to CFOs and a lack of federated IT functions in many companies.
A new XRF Core Scanner will analyze sediment cores quickly without physical damage, providing fast insight into past geological events and current environmental state. This technology is based on a similar X-ray technology used to explain the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization.
Researchers found that nicotinamide can protect against nerve damage in the chronic progressive phase of MS, preventing disability. Nicotinamide increased levels of NAD, which reduced neurologic deficits and protected axons from further degradation.
Research suggests that women are more likely to graduate from college than men, with a significant lead since 1982. Growing incentives and cultural changes have contributed to this trend, with women from families with low-educated or absent fathers seeing the biggest increase in college enrollment and graduation.
Researchers at Intel and the University of California, Santa Barbara have created a new hybrid computer chip that uses lasers to transmit data, promising faster data transfer rates. The development paves the way for future optical communications at low cost.
Preeclampsia's impact on fetal death has decreased over the last 35 years, largely due to reduced stillbirths and better clinical management. Modern medical management has effectively prevented fetal deaths without increasing infant or maternal risk.
The University of Texas at San Antonio has received a $225,000 National Science Foundation grant to support students pursuing doctoral degrees in physics. The grant will enable students to study optical and laser materials and characterize their properties.
A large observational study found that men with local or regional prostate cancer receiving GnRH agonist therapy had a 44% higher risk of developing diabetes and a 16% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease. Physicians should consider alternative treatments to mitigate these risks.
Research findings published in this issue of Archives of Internal Medicine highlight the importance of sleep evaluation in routine medical care. Studies show that fewer hours of sleep may contribute to poor health in young adults and affect body mass index, while also impacting the immune system and quality of life.
Bitter taste perception varies among individuals due to genetic differences, influencing the detection of toxins like glucosinolates in vegetables. This study establishes a link between bitter taste receptors and toxin detection, providing insights into evolutionary mechanisms.
The survey reveals that caregivers experience devastating consequences, including relapse, hospitalization, and financial strain. Caregivers also emphasize the importance of effective medication and long-term care to maintain their loved ones' overall well-being.
Researchers from UCSB and Intel built the world's first Hybrid Silicon Laser using standard silicon manufacturing processes, combining Indium Phosphide for light emission and silicon for light routing. This breakthrough addresses the last major barrier to producing low-cost, high-bandwidth silicon photonics devices.