Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the risk of symptomatic brain metastases and prolongs survival in small-cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease. The EORTC trial results show a significant increase in one-year survival, from 13.3% to 27.1%, after receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation.
Researchers found that New Caledonian crows use two tools better than one to get a snack, rivaling great apes in tool-use skills. The birds solve the problem by using analogical reasoning, which requires seeing a novel situation as similar to a previous one.
Research found that administering cannabinoids like THC reduces allergic reactions in mice with contact dermatitis. The study suggests a protective role for the endocannabinoid system in skin allergy and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a mathematical formula to assess disease cluster risk, providing an exact probability calculation in under five seconds. The formula was used to investigate two disease clusters, one likely due to chance and the other possibly caused by a common environmental factor.
Researchers identified a new strategy that KSHV uses to replicate its viral genome, allowing it to evade the immune system. By eliminating viral protein production, they found that KSHV DNA can autonomously recruit cellular replication machinery proteins.
Researchers recreated a 450-million-year-old protein using X-ray crystallography and mapped its structure. They found that only seven mutations were needed to evolve the ancient receptor into its modern form, with some 'permissive' changes paving the way for more significant transformations.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham discovered that Aspergillus nidulans fungi can reproduce sexually without a partner. This 'DIY reproduction' allows individuals to produce new offspring by activating internal sexual machinery, bypassing traditional mating.
Research published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation shows that tumors use the enzyme IDO to directly activate existing regulatory T cells, which become strongly suppressive within a day. This discovery defines a tumor's survival strategy and suggests potential new leverage points for therapies.
The University of Pennsylvania has developed a method for parallel fabrication of multiple nanogap electrodes, enabling the creation of mass-produced nanoscale electronics. The self-balancing single-step technique uses feedback controlled electromigration to simultaneously form and adjust nanogaps with atomic-scale uniformity.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that a free mass distribution program increased ITN use among Kenyan children from 7% to 66%. The high rate of adoption was consistent across different family income levels. The researchers argue that making ITNs freely available is crucial for achieving high levels of use and saving lives.
A recent study found that exercise did not lower aldosterone levels in African Americans, a hormone linked to hypertension. Despite this, researchers believe exercise still has potential benefits for reducing blood pressure. The study's findings highlight the complexity of understanding hypertension in African Americans.
Scientists found that long-term memories require a miniature molecular machine to maintain, which must be constantly active. Jamming this 'machine' can briefly erase memories, suggesting potential future treatments for memory problems.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has issued a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for ginkgo biloba, enabling the validation of analytical methods and support measurements associated with clinical trials or product label claims. The SRMs can also be used by dietary supplement manufacturers to improve p...
Researchers found that restricting blood flow in the arm before coronary artery bypass graft surgery reduced troponin T levels by 43%. This technique, known as remote ischaemic preconditioning, may help protect the heart from injury during surgery. The study's implications for clinical practice are considered immense.
Researchers found that over one-third of African starlings engage in cooperative breeding, a behavior typically seen in birds and other animals, due to the unpredictability of their savanna habitats. In contrast, non-cooperative species live in forests with more stable environments.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have designed an AI software program that can recognize jokes, marking a significant advancement in computer capabilities. The bot uses phonological similarity and wordplay to identify humor, but is still limited by its current knowledge base and formal communication systems.
Recent mouse breeds designed to mimic Alzheimer's disease symptoms may not accurately reflect the human condition, according to a new study. The researchers suggest using alternative mouse breeds with only APP mutations to improve the accuracy of drug testing.
A team of U-M researchers, including gynecologists and engineers, will use the grant to examine damage to pelvic muscles during vaginal deliveries. They aim to develop preventive strategies to reduce injury rates, which affect up to 300,000 women per year.
Researchers have measured concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in human blood serum, cod liver oil, and house dust using NIST's Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The results provide a better understanding of the source and degree of PBDE contamination in humans and the environment.
The study reveals that groundwater in atolls is vulnerable to frequent droughts, making it unreliable for drinking water. The team proposes strategies to increase the resilience of small island communities to water-related changes, including improving institutional management and community participation.
A study published by the American Chemical Society found a link between feline hyperthyroidism and exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from flame retardants in furniture, pet food, and household dust. PBDE levels were three times higher in hyperthyroid cats than in younger cats.
University of Arizona physicists have discovered 'super crystals' in certain organic semiconducting solids, which could create splashes of current and exhibit unique electrical properties. This discovery was made possible by analyzing experimental data from a previous study on a mysterious solid-state phase in a semiconductor.
A vaccine against anthrax has been developed using nanoparticles, which triggers a strong immune response and induces immunity on mucous membranes, providing protection after bioterror attacks. The new vaccine is easy to store and administer without needles, making it a valuable tool for health authorities.
A new study by the New York Academy of Medicine highlights the critical need to address vaccination coverage among hard-to-reach populations. The authors propose achievable strategies to increase immunization rates among these groups, including unconventional site distribution and patient reminders.
Scientists at GIS found that DNA replication efficiency increases later in the S-phase, suggesting a novel approach for studying human biology and stem cell research. The discovery could lead to more efficient analyses and tests related to cellular replication.
Researchers found that people with low IGFBP-1 levels were twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer as those with higher levels. This protein's role in modulating insulin and IGF hormones may hold clues to the disease's development, potentially aiding in risk prediction.
Research suggests women with a history of gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. A study of over 37,000 mothers who gave birth in Jerusalem between 1964 and 1976 found five cases of pancreatic cancer among those with gestational diabetes.
Scientists at Cure Lab, Inc. have identified a new target for the development of anti-influenza drugs, specifically the M2 protein, which may be responsible for killing human cells. This discovery has the potential to lead to a new generation of medicines that can complement existing treatments for influenza.
The new center will investigate mental health issues among Asian Americans, including higher rates of mental illness and inadequate treatment. It aims to address these disparities through research, community engagement, and knowledge sharing.
Female spotted hyenas prefer to mate with 'new arrivals' and males that have built friendly relationships, driving males to choose groups with high numbers of young females. This leads to a dispersal of males due to the higher availability of receptive females elsewhere.
A three-year study measured lung function growth in 3,170 eight-year-old children in Mexico City, finding significant deficits in children exposed to higher levels of air pollutants. The effects of long-term exposure on lung health are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive lung disease and cardiovascular morbidity.
Research suggests human activities are amplifying the impact of Sudden Oak Death, a forest-destroying disease caused by an invasive water mold. The study found that connected forests with high host species abundance have higher pathogen loads, while smaller, isolated forests have lower disease levels.
A team of UTSA researchers, led by renowned sea ice expert Stephen Ackley, will join a crew of 22 researchers from several countries to explore the Amundsen Sea in Antarctica. The two-month expedition aims to investigate the processes of how sea ice forms and interacts with the environment.
Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a new diagnostic test to detect infection in prosthetic joints, which samples bacteria adhering to the prosthesis surface. The new method detected more infected cases (78.5%) than conventional tests (60.8%), offering improved treatment options and patient outcomes.
Researchers found that marital violence among Asian-Americans is linked to factors beyond marital distress, including family closeness and anxiety disorders. The study's findings highlight the need for therapy that addresses these underlying issues.
Researchers confirm the existence of a 'supergyre' connecting the three Southern Hemisphere ocean basins, which plays a crucial role in governing global climate. The Tasman Outflow, occurring at an average depth of 800-1,000m, may influence the response of the thermohaline circulation to climate change.
A new method helps track individual male Asian elephants by analyzing their tusks, ears, and other features, aiding in poaching rate monitoring and conservation success. The study's results show 134 unique males out of a population of 991, with an adult male/female ratio of 1 to 4.33.
Two closely related species of East African cichlid fishes evolved divergent immune gene adaptations, explaining their reproductive isolation. These differences in MHC genes influenced mating behavior through olfactory communication.
Researchers at Rutgers-Camden are investigating the association between children's anxiety, depression, and substance abuse over time. The study aims to better understand how these conditions relate to each other and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies for young people.
Fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a recently identified neurological disorder affecting middle-aged adults, causing Parkinson's-like symptoms and cognitive decline. Researchers discovered that the mutation causing FXTAS triggers a failure of messenger RNA transport within neurons, leading to lethal clogging of brain cells.
The HIV/AIDS virus affects adult neural progenitor cells in the brain, preventing them from dividing and contributing to neurodegeneration. The protein gp120 causes both brain injury and prevents its repair, highlighting a potential target for new therapies.
Pediatric palliative care specialists are calling for increased research to address the unique physical, psycho-social, and clinical needs of children with complex chronic conditions. The study identifies six challenges that must be addressed to further the field, including access to care and resources.
Researchers found a blood protein, IGFBP-1, linked to obesity and exercise aversion may indicate increased pancreatic cancer risk. The study suggests lifestyle factors modifiable for improved prognosis.
Wildlife experts from WCS and FAO argue that keeping wild animals separate in wildlife markets can prevent disease outbreaks. Closing these trade hubs could significantly reduce the threat of emerging diseases like avian flu.
Researchers discovered that an analog of rapamycin halts production of antibodies and development of lupus in mice, suggesting a potential new approach to combating the disease. The study found that this compound improved symptoms and halted disease progression across different genetic strains of lupus-prone mice.
Researchers at UC Davis found that 3- and 4-year-olds can think about their own thinking, using pictures to communicate uncertainty. This suggests that young children are more introspective than previously thought, with implications for human development and traits.
A new neurodegenerative syndrome, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, has been identified as triggered by the interplay of two proteins binding to messenger RNA. Individuals with this condition exhibit higher levels of mRNA and experience tremors, balance issues, and difficulty with daily activities.
Researchers found that urban air pollution increases indices of cardiovascular risk, including inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and autonomic dysfunction, in healthy Taiwanese college students. The study suggests a link between air pollution and systemic inflammation/oxidative stress in young adults.
A new study suggests that loss of treatment response may be due to loss of placebo response, indicating patients who were not true drug responders experienced a relapse. The study's findings challenge the common interpretation of tachyphylaxis as a loss of efficacy in antidepressant activity.
Researchers discovered B7-H3, an immune molecule that predicts prostate cancer progression and recurrence after surgery. The biomarker can help individualize treatment plans for patients.
Reactivating a key gene, sFRP-1, has been shown to stop tumor growth and reduce metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The study found that sFRP-1 controlled 13 tumor-promoting genes along the Wnt signaling pathway, which is linked to various cancers.
A new study from UC Davis found that patients who keep gratitude journals score better on measures of mental health, general health, and vitality compared to those who only kept routine notes. Increased feelings of gratitude can cause people's well-being and quality of life to improve.
Researchers cast doubt on ABCA1's role in producing good cholesterol by studying cells from Tangier disease patients and knock-out mice. The findings suggest that ABCA1 does not code for the scramblase enzyme involved in phospholipid transport.
A recent study suggests that ambulatory oxygen therapy is not beneficial for COPD patients without resting hypoxemia, contrary to routine prescribing practices. The researchers found improvements in exercise performance but no benefits in daily life or quality of life.
HIV/AIDS interferes with stem cells in the adult brain, preventing new nerve cells from forming, which is a key feature of AIDS dementia. The researchers discovered a novel molecular mechanism that inhibits stem cell proliferation, possibly triggered in other neurodegenerative diseases as well.
Researchers found that emotional events can be hard to intentionally forget, even when trying to block off unwanted memories. The study's results suggest that emotion places limits on mental control and can undermine intentional forgetting.
Researchers found that female diabetic rats had reduced nitric oxide levels, while male diabetic rats produced more, leading to increased vascular dysfunction. The study suggests sex-specific therapeutic interventions may be necessary for effective treatment of vascular disease in diabetes.
Researchers at UCLA developed a mathematical model to assess the severity and predict the consequences of Staphylococcus Aureus outbreaks in the Los Angeles County Jail. The model identified that continuous inflow of colonized individuals is the primary cause of sustained outbreaks.
A new study reveals that pharmacy disparities disproportionately impact elderly African-American patients with multiple medications for chronic diseases. Despite seeking a close relationship with pharmacists, many participants felt uncomfortable initiating discussions due to lack of knowledge or perceived busyness.
A genetically modified maize variety resistant to the severe maize streak virus has been created using pathogen-derived resistance, delaying symptom development and increasing survival rates. The research aims to alleviate Africa's food shortages and famine by providing a disease-resistant crop for local farmers.