The NIAID Vaccine Discovery Branch aims to remove fundamental obstacles to achieving a safe and effective HIV vaccine by focusing on the development and sharing of new knowledge. The branch will monitor scientific developments, identify gaps in knowledge, and promote research collaborations.
A new study in Political Psychology reveals that people's future voting decisions are influenced by their unconscious automatic mental associations. Researchers found a clear relation between implicit attitudes and subsequent voting behavior, with undecided voters' automatic preferences predicting their vote four weeks later.
An international team of researchers has discovered extensive layers of volcanic ash on the seafloor of the Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean, indicating a gigantic volcanic eruption. The find challenges previous assumptions that explosive volcanism cannot occur at great water depths.
The CSIRO report highlights the importance of building adaptive capacity among farm managers and agri-businesses. It suggests that incremental changes may be sufficient for some regions, while others will need more transformative adaptations.
Dr. Koji Nakayama is recognized for his groundbreaking research on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key player in periodontal disease and potential systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease. He has published over 75 papers on this topic and received the 2000 Rokuzo Kobayashi Memorial Award.
Research found that thinking about one's own death can trigger overeating, especially among individuals with low self-esteem. The study used mortality salience to explain the effect of death-related thoughts on consumption behavior.
Researchers used NMR to study water in single-walled carbon nanotubes, revealing distinct properties. The findings could lead to more efficient desalination and demineralization using carbon nanotube membranes.
A study of over 3,000 jurors found that neither gender nor demographic characteristics influenced juror satisfaction with the trial experience. Both men and women reported experiencing strong emotions during their trials, challenging the idea that deliberation favors men over women.
A commercially available fruit and vegetable wash has been found to be highly effective in killing disease-causing bacteria in produce-processing washwater. This could significantly reduce the risk of cross-contamination in food plants.
Researchers found that people tend to underestimate the intensity of their mixed feelings when recalling them. This effect is more pronounced over time and affects individuals from different ethnic backgrounds differently.
A new study by Professor Anne Campbell found that women are more likely to experience regret and decreased satisfaction after a one-night stand compared to men. Despite taking part in casual sex, women do not view it as a precursor to long-term relationships.
Researchers at NYU found that photoreceptors in an insect's eye change their traditional color detection roles during metamorphosis. The study used the fruit fly Drosophila as a model system to understand biological processes like vision.
Researchers warn of a 'biodiversity tragedy in progress' due to tropical habitat loss, with up to 15 million hectares lost annually. The review calls for an immediate, multi-pronged approach to conserve ecosystems and mitigate human impacts.
A team of researchers at the University of Copenhagen has developed a new mathematical model to describe the three-dimensional shape of proteins. This breakthrough tool will aid in the development of more efficient pharmaceuticals for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and AIDS by enhancing understanding of protein structures.
Dr. Kathryn Atchison is being recognized for her outstanding achievements in dental public health and behavioral sciences, with over 70 peer-reviewed articles and a well-funded research program. She serves as Vice- Provost of Intellectual Property & Industrial Relations at UCLA and has held various leadership positions in the Ameri...
A report by Iowa State University researcher Richard Spoth assesses the effectiveness of underage drinking prevention programs, identifying 12 interventions as 'most promising' in reducing alcohol use among youths. The review also highlights advances in preventive interventions and calls for further research to better understand progra...
Researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research identify enzyme that requires acids and dissolved metals to function, repairing genetic damage under extreme conditions. This discovery opens up new possibilities for biotechnological applications and potential treatments for diseases characterized by over-acidification.
A small study of 18 patients with severe Marfan syndrome found that losartan slowed aortic enlargement by nearly half, offering a promising new treatment option. The study's findings have led to the approval of a large-scale clinical trial for losartan in Marfan syndrome patients.
A study found that higher levels of urinary albumin in healthy individuals, even within the considered normal range, increase the risk of developing hypertension. This suggests that kidney damage or endothelial dysfunction may be precursors to high blood pressure.
A new study reveals that individuals with an independent self-construal are more likely to misjudge distances, while those with an interdependent self-construal perform better when considering multiple factors. This difference affects spatial judgments and highlights the importance of cultural background in shaping our perceptions.
A study published in Neurology found that children with lower IQs are more likely to develop vascular dementia later in life. The research compared the cognitive abilities of 173 people who developed dementia to those who did not, and found a significant link between low childhood IQ and an increased risk of vascular dementia.
A new study found that individuals who feel powerless are more willing to pay higher prices for status-symbol items. Researchers Derek D. Rucker and Adam D. Galinsky discovered this phenomenon through three experiments, showing that powerlessness leads to increased willingness to pay for luxury goods.
Scientists at Caltech used computer modeling to demonstrate that the Mars dichotomy can be explained by one giant impact early in the planet's history. The study found that an impact energy of around 10^29 joules, equivalent to 100 billion gigatons of TNT, would have created the lowlands and highlands on Mars.
The US FDA has approved KINRIX, a combination vaccine that protects against four serious diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio. Clinical studies show similar protection to separately administered vaccines with a comparable safety profile.
Researchers found significant levels of frame-shifting among biculturals, who switch cultural frames more quickly and easily than bilingual monoculturals. Biculturals perceive themselves as more assertive in one language and have different perceptions of women in ads.
ASTRO awarded several scholarships to young researchers in radiation oncology, including the Junior Faculty Career Research Training Award to Christopher D. Willey and Erik P. Sulman. The Residents/Fellows in Radiation Oncology Research Seed Grant Award also supported projects by Randall Joel Kimple and Shig-Hsin Eddy Yang.
A study found that state policies requiring comprehensive diagnostic criteria and specific services are associated with positive treatment outcomes. Most programs performed diagnostic assessment, group and individual therapy, but had lower rates of family counseling.
A recent study published in the Journal of Consumer Research found that more complex and statistically efficient choice experiments result in less consistent participant responses. The researchers suggest that optimal design choices may impose a higher cognitive load on participants, leading to decreased consistency in their decisions.
Dr. Anne George has been recognized with the IADR Pulp Biology and Regeneration Award for her pioneering research on dentin matrix biology. Her work has significantly advanced our understanding of biomineralization in bones and teeth.
Dr. Fischman has made significant contributions to the evaluation of drugs used to prevent and treat dental caries and periodontal diseases through his design and analysis of clinical trials and publication of guidelines for colleagues. His research studies have evaluated over 100 chemical agents, providing benchmarks for clinical trials.
Computer simulations support massive asteroid impact as explanation for Mars' hemispheric differences. The models suggest that an impactor about one-half to two-thirds the size of the Moon could have created the observed differences.
Researchers find large amounts of ozone being destroyed over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, potentially leading to increased greenhouse gas methane. The discovery was made using data from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory and has significant implications for future climate predictions.
Research at Queen's University reveals that migrating songbirds observe and learn from local birds' 'mob' behavior to avoid predators. By recognizing social cues, they can gain valuable information about predator location and identity.
Dr. James Steele has received the prestigious Geriatric Oral Research Award for his pioneering research on the relationships between oral health and nutrition in older adults. His work, which spans over three decades, has significantly advanced our understanding of the impacts of oral health on disease and well-being in the elderly.
The International Association for Dental Research presented several prestigious awards and fellowships to recognize significant contributions to dental research, including the IADR Honorary Membership, IADR Distinguished Service Award, and IADR/AADR William J. Gies Awards. The awards are designed to stimulate research in oral health pr...
A new pilot study has shown that a self-administered, at-home cognitive behavioral program can relieve IBS symptoms comparable to office-based therapy. The findings are significant because there are no reliable medicines available to treat the full range of IBS symptoms.
Researchers have discovered a new genetic risk factor, CALHM1, associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The gene affects calcium levels and is linked to increased amyloid-ß peptides, forming brain plaques in the disease.
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery by studying the interaction between two electrons in a carbon nanotube, paving the way for a quantum mechanical bit. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of a revolutionary quantum computer capable of solving complex calculations much faster than current computers.
A study published in PLOS ONE estimates that both island species were isolated around the same time, approximately 250,000 years ago. The researchers suggest that a moderate-sized ancestral population could reconcile differences in gene divergence patterns among the species.
Uninsured Black and Hispanic patients are more likely to report experiencing racial bias in healthcare, with language impacting reporting rates. Good communication between doctors and patients protects against perceptions of racial discrimination.
Dr. Franceschi is being recognized for his scientific contributions to mineralized tissue research, including the discovery of vitamin D regulation targets and the development of gene therapy approaches for bone regeneration. He will receive the award at the IADR 86th General Session & Exhibition in Toronto on July 2, 2008.
Fossils of Ventastega, a primitive tetrapod, provide insights into the transition from fish to land animals. The new discoveries show that different parts of the body evolved at different speeds during this process.
Researchers found pyroclastic deposits, glassy rock fragments, and talus blocks at 4,000 meters below sea surface. The discovery suggests that deep-sea volcanic eruptions are possible due to high CO2 buildup in magma.
Dr. Sheldon Baumrind is honored for his extensive work in craniofacial biology, including clinical investigation and application of devices and engineering concepts. His research includes articles on randomized clinical trials, radiographic assessment, and orthodontics.
Dr. Thesleff is being honored for her early research work on the associations between oral clefts and drugs taken during pregnancy, as well as her studies on the development of tooth germs and teeth. She has published over 250 papers and made significant contributions to the public understanding of science in her domain.
A University of Rochester Medical Center study found that doctors rarely use effective methods to help patients remember medical instructions, such as summarizing treatment recommendations or asking patients to repeat back what they've been told. The results suggest a need for new approaches to improve patient recall in busy practices.
A new study by University of Illinois economists finds that media bias can influence voters' decisions, with conservative and liberal outlets favoring their respective candidates. Selective reporting can lead to incomplete information, causing mistakes at the polls.
Dr. Gary Slade has been recognized with the H. Trendley Dean Memorial Award for his distinguished contributions to research in behavioral science, epidemiology, and public health. His work has focused on population oral health surveillance and the impact of oral conditions on quality of life.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health has received a $3.4 million grant to develop the Carolina Center for Computational Toxicology, which aims to advance computational toxicology by developing new methods and tools.
A study published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment reveals that 14% of hospital admissions are due to alcohol/drug abuse and addiction disorders. The study found that these disorders were associated with significantly higher hospital costs, particularly for opioid abuse, which increased by 482%.
A study reveals a direct link between Alzheimer's disease-causing mutations and aberrant calcium signaling. The researchers found that this disrupted calcium release led to amyloid beta protein generation, a hallmark of the disease.
Dr. James Melvin, Director of the Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, received the 2008 Salivary Research Award for his studies on ion transport mechanisms underlying fluid secretion. The award recognizes his contributions to advancing research and increasing knowledge to improve oral health.
Scientists are exploring the use of sound waves to assess atherosclerotic plaques, monitor chronic liver disease, and deliver drugs to specific locations in the body. Researchers have also developed new techniques for treating cancer, including minimally invasive thermal ablation methods and microbubbles-based therapies.
Researchers developed ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes to detect anthrax and other bioterrorism agents in the air. The devices offer high gain, reliability, and robustness, making them ideal for rapid containment of incidents like the 2001 anthrax attacks.
Dr. Neal Garrett has been recognized for his research focus on restoring oral function and quality of life following tooth loss or other oral impairment in the elderly. He established the functional efficacy of various denture parameters and types utilizing dental implants, improving mastication and patient perceptions.
A study by University of Granada researchers distinguishes between endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary) attention systems. The findings have significant implications for understanding attention disorders and training healthy children.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have demonstrated an approximate cloaking effect using concentric rings of silicon photonic crystals. The technique could potentially create a practical solution for optical cloaking by bending light around objects, making them invisible.
Two new studies evaluate bassinet use and bedsharing, finding that lack of oxygen is a common cause of death in bassinets. The researchers also identify risk factors for bassinet use, including blankets, pillows, and plastic bags.
The May 2008 issue of Reproductive Health Matters explores the gendered dimensions of disaster in conflict and crisis settings. The article highlights the urgent need for a new humanitarian paradigm that prioritizes the needs and solutions of displaced communities, led by women, to survive and rebuild.
The Nanoprobe achieves 30-nanometer resolution using x-rays with photon energies between 3-30 kiloelectron volts. It combines scanning-probe and full-field transmission imaging for three-dimensional visualizations and quantitative analysis of elemental composition and chemical states.