Drug-eluting stents should be avoided in patients with diabetes, short lesions, or large vessel sizes due to high restenosis risk. Extended dual antiplatelet therapy also poses bleeding complications, making bare metal stents a safer option for some patients
The TRANSCEND study enrolled nearly 6,000 people worldwide who are intolerant to ACE inhibitors and found that telmisartan reduced the outcome of cardiovascular death, heart attack, or stroke by a significant 13% compared to placebo. Fewer patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalized for any cardiovascular reason.
Recent studies on DES have shown mixed results, with some suggesting increased risk of late thrombosis but no impact on mortality or myocardial infarction. However, other data indicate benefits in terms of reduced reinterventions and improved outcomes for high-risk patients.
The TRANSCEND study found that telmisartan modestly reduced the outcome of cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Additionally, fewer patients receiving telmisartan were hospitalized for any cardiovascular reason compared to placebo.
A study published in Nature describes the use of DNA analysis to pinpoint the geographic origins of individuals from a sample of Europeans. The research revealed striking genetic maps of Europe, allowing for precise classification of individuals by region.
A randomized trial found that fluvastatin XL reduced myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. The study showed a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, with a number needed to treat of 12.5 patients.
Recent guidelines reject CABG as initial treatment strategy for most patients with multi-vessel disease, despite evidence suggesting otherwise. A multidisciplinary approach involving a surgeon is recommended to ensure patients receive balanced advice.
A randomized controlled trial found that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduced mortality and hospital admission for cardiovascular reasons in patients with chronic heart failure. The study involved 357 Italian cardiology sites, with 3494 patients receiving PUFA supplements and 3481 receiving placebo.
The ECNP consensus statement on bipolar depression highlights the disease's significant impact on functioning, social relationships, and employment. Early onset of bipolar disorder is associated with a severe burden of disease, particularly during acute depressive episodes.
Diabetic patients face accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk of restenosis and late mortality when undergoing PCI. DES has been associated with mortality benefit in patients with multivessel disease, but results are mixed for diabetic patients.
The BEAUTIFUL study shows ivabradine significantly reduces hospitalization for fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction by 36% and coronary revascularisation by 30% in high-heart-rate patients. Ivabradine is safe and well-tolerated, even when used with other cardiovascular drugs.
Genetic testing has significantly improved the detection of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death in athletes. This technology enables informed decision-making regarding care and training continuation among athletes. However, its use in asymptomatic genetic carriers with normal phenotypes is a topic of controversy.
Researchers have discovered two new genes that increase the risk of developing childhood inflammatory bowel disease. The study found a compelling candidate, TNFRSF6B, which is involved in tumor necrosis factor signaling and may provide a target for drug development.
Cardiac computed tomography (CTA) is reliable for excluding coronary artery disease but lacks hemodynamic relevance and poses radiation risks. Fundamental insights into CAD suggest a graded prognosis according to ischemia severity, making revascularization unnecessary in some cases.
Recent advancements in cardiac imaging have led to the detection of impairments in cellular processes that precede changes in morphology and function. These early stages can be identified through various imaging techniques such as PET, nuclear imaging, MRI, ultrasound, and optical imaging.
The introduction of handheld echocardiography machines promises to revolutionize cardiac diagnosis and treatment. These portable devices will enable doctors to quickly assess heart valves and pumping power, potentially saving lives in emergency situations.
The field of non-invasive cardiac imaging has evolved significantly, with various techniques such as echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and computed tomography available. However, clinicians face challenges in choosing the most suitable modality due to a plethora of options.
The LEADERS study found that a biolimus-eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer is as safe and effective as a sirolimus-eluting stent with a durable polymer, reducing the risk of restenosis. The results suggest that this new generation of drug-eluting stents may offer improved long-term safety and effectiveness.
A trial of intensified versus standard medical therapy in elderly patients with congestive heart failure found that increased medication doses did not improve outcomes for older adults. In contrast, younger patients showed lower death rates and fewer hospitalizations with intensified therapy.
A new study led by the University of Leicester found that men's sex hormones, particularly estradiol and estrone, are associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors such as high total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. This suggests that natural endogenous estrogens may play a role in increasing heart disease risk in men.
The adult brain's capacity for neurogenesis is closely tied to stress and depression, with research showing that chronic stress can inhibit new cell growth in the hippocampus. However, antidepressant treatment has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for treating major depressive disorders.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover a master switch in the brain that controls both appetite and fertility. Variations in the TORC1 gene may contribute to obesity and infertility, and could be regulated with a novel drug. The study also reveals that leptin plays a crucial role in regulating these processes.
Regular exercise training can create ambiguity with cardiac pathologic conditions, highlighting the need for thorough screening strategies. Pre-participation cardiovascular screening has been shown to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in young competitive athletes by up to 89% in Italy.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have deciphered the structure of telomerase, an enzyme playing a major role in nearly all human cancers. This achievement paves the way for new cancer treatments and anti-aging therapies by understanding how to deactivate telomerase.
The study found that ivabradine reduced coronary secondary outcomes, including fatal and non-fatal heart attacks by 36% and coronary revascularisation by 30%, in patients with a heart rate of above 70 bpm. Elevated heart rate was also identified as a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular death and disease.
A positive exercise test indicates an increased risk of cardiac events, especially in athletes with underlying coronary artery disease. The test is crucial for evaluating high-risk athletes over 35 years old and those with known cardiac abnormalities.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast are developing new sensory devices to help people with Parkinson's disease and stroke patients control their movements. The devices will provide sensory information through eyes, ears, or touch, allowing the brain to learn to guide movements in a more controlled way.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered a vulnerable step in the hepatitis C virus' reproduction process that can be effectively targeted with an obsolete antihistamine. The novel technique used microfluidic chips to screen over 1,200 drug candidates and identified clemizole as a promising lead.
The TRANSCEND study found that telmisartan modestly reduced cardiovascular events and hospitalizations for heart-related issues in patients with vascular disease or high-risk diabetes. The drug also had a lower rate of permanent discontinuation due to hypotension, according to the randomized controlled trial.
A population of 4,450 athletes showed no evidence of HCM, with only 12 cardiac abnormalities detected. Routine echocardiography is not necessary in large population screening programs for young athletes with HCM.
Researchers estimate global sea level rise could be double or triple current predictions over the next century, with possible rises of up to a third of an inch per year. The study uses lessons learned from the demise of the last great North American ice sheet to inform its findings.
Researchers analyzed the disappearance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet to shed light on how much the Greenland Ice Sheet will contribute to sea level rise. The study found that rapid melting can happen very quickly, with rates comparable to global sea level rise evidence for this interval derived from coral records.
Recent reports suggest antidepressants might exacerbate suicidal tendencies, leading to increased scrutiny of their efficacy. Studies show that depression is a significant risk factor for suicide, with over 60% of completed suicides linked to mood disorders.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology successfully created artificial bones with a graded interface, allowing them to blend seamlessly into surrounding tissues like tendons. This breakthrough technology has the potential to improve outcomes in ACL surgery and other applications where tissue integration is critical.
Researchers led by Professor Ten Feizi aim to identify receptor molecules in the human respiratory tract to understand why H5N1 has not evolved into an effective pathogen. They also seek to determine how changes in the virus's binding protein may increase its ability to attach to and cause infection.
Blood vessel cells can be instructed to form three-dimensional, tube-like structures using a special type of 'instructor' molecule. This discovery may lead to the development of new stem cell-based therapies for organ transplantation.
A 9-year study in sheep found that the likelihood of BSE transmission via blood transfusion was 36% for BSE and 43% for scrapie. Researchers warn that up to 4,000 people could be carrying vCJD in the UK, posing a risk through infected blood.
Researchers have discovered that the diversity of parasitic wasps is even higher than initially suspected, with 313 provisional species identified through a combination of ecological and genetic data. The new analysis sheds light on a group of insects that are already known for their staggering diversity, with estimates suggesting that...
A recent study published in Social Science and Medicine found that while Americans believe mental illness has a genetic cause, this has not led to increased tolerance for people with mental illness. Genetic arguments are associated with fears regarding violence for schizophrenia but social acceptance for depression.
A new study has found that women are 33 percent more likely to achieve full remission of their depression symptoms with the commonly used antidepressant citalopram compared to men. The study, which involved over 2,800 participants, controlled for various factors and suggests a biological basis for the difference in response.
A study found that chewing gum helped relieve anxiety, improve alertness, and reduce stress among participants in a laboratory setting. The use of chewing gum was associated with higher alertness, reduced anxiety and stress, and improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities.
Scientists discovered the earliest form of human blood stem cells, called hemangioblasts, which can be replicated in unlimited supply using ACE as a marker. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for heart diseases, anemias, leukemia and autoimmune diseases by mass-producing progenitor blood cells.
Researchers found that IGF-I stimulates aggressive tumor growth and DNA repair regulation, leading to poor outcomes. The study identifies a gene signature linked to patient responses to breast cancer treatments, offering potential biomarkers for targeted therapies.
Researchers analyzed data from over 700 elderly patients and found no significant reduction in all-cause mortality among those vaccinated against flu. Despite initial reports of a large mortality benefit, the study controlled for various variables and concluded that any potential benefit was small and statistically non-significant.
This special issue of Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice examines the economic value of nursing care and its impact on patient outcomes. The research reveals that improving work environment changes or staffing levels can lead to cost savings through increased nurse satisfaction and improved patient outcomes.
A recent New Zealand study investigated the relationship between obesity and asthma, ruling out systemic inflammation as a common factor. Despite not finding evidence of its involvement, researchers suggest that other possibilities, such as changes in innate immunity or dynamic lung function, may be worth exploring.
A randomized-controlled trial of 20,332 patients with ischaemic stroke found that anti-clotting regimens aspirin plus dipyridamole and clopidogrel showed no significant difference in reducing disability after recurrent stroke. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, also did not demonstrate neuroprotective effects.
Limiting soft drink availability at school is associated with a 4 percent decrease in overall consumption. Low-income and black non-Hispanic children consume more soft drinks, emphasizing the need for policy changes beyond food availability at school.
Researchers created molecular tubes composed of wound-up DNA strands with controlled circumferences, enabling diverse nanotechnology applications. The breakthrough utilizes single-stranded DNA tiles to form tubes with varying diameters, promising to design complex self-assembling molecular systems.
A recent study found that children who experienced physical or sexual abuse were more than twice as likely to have asthma. The researchers also discovered an association between stress, violence, and decreased glucocorticoid response, leading to airway inflammatory responses.
Researchers have discovered a key to cold tolerance in corn, allowing it to thrive in colder regions. By increasing PPDK enzyme production during cold weather, corn yields can be extended and growth seasons lengthened.
Researchers discovered a link between atomic bomb exposure and adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer, with a higher risk among younger people. The study found that radiation dose, age at the time of bombing, and elapsed time since exposure were independently associated with the development of the disease.
Research found that babies born to smoking mothers had impaired respiratory function and took longer to recover from oxygen interruptions, increasing their SIDS risk. The study suggests that cigarette smoke exposure may affect brain development and lead to developmental disorders.
A study of 50 healthy adult men found that black non-sensitized males had an average of 17.2% more HLA-sensitive B cells than white non-sensitized males, increasing their opportunity for antibody-mediated rejection. This increased number of B cells may be customized in treatments to lessen the likelihood of organ rejection.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that antidepressants need new nerve cells to reduce depression-like behavior in mice. Exercise also stimulates the generation of new nerve cells in the same area. The study suggests a possible mechanism for developing drugs to treat depression by stimulating growth of nerve cells.
Researchers use high-speed imaging to study fruit fly evasive maneuvers, finding that the fly's tiny brain calculates threat location and places legs in optimal position within 100 milliseconds. The team also identifies an optimal method for swatting flies by aiming forward of their starting position.
Researchers found that flowers with nicotine and benzyl acetone attract pollinators, increasing seed production. Plants with these chemicals had higher cross-pollination rates than those without, optimizing outcrossing.
Researchers found that Martian gullies resemble those in Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valleys, formed as recently as a few hundred thousand years ago. The study suggests changes in snow accumulation and glaciation are linked to Mars' spin obliquity, indicating dynamic climate change on the planet.
Researchers discovered a way to restore function of CF airway cells by manipulating cellular quality control machinery. This technique could significantly reduce sticky mucus that clogs lungs and leads to life-threatening infections.
Cervical cancer control is becoming feasible in developing countries due to highly effective vaccines and promising new screening tests. The monograph presents the best global thinking on cervical cancer prevention with vaccination and screening, evaluating cost-effectiveness and affordability.