A study of 3,116 patients with and without a history of injection drug use found similar survival rates after 4-5 years of receiving HAART. The results challenge the prevailing notion that IDUs may not derive full benefits from HAART due to social instability.
A low-dose growth hormone treatment reduced abdominal fat deposits and improved blood pressure and triglyceride levels in HIV patients with lipodystrophy. However, growth hormone treatment appeared to increase blood glucose levels, particularly in those with impaired glucose tolerance.
The International AIDS Society–USA Panel updated treatment guidelines to reflect recent data on antiretroviral therapy. The new guidelines recommend starting therapy before CD4 cell count declines to less than 350/μL, with individualized regimens tailored to patient needs.
Research finds that male college students are more likely to commit property crimes than their non-college peers, defying the common association between education and reduced deviance. The study, which analyzed data from over 9,000 adolescents and young adults, reveals an increase in crime rates among college-bound youth after enrollment.
A study by UC San Diego researchers found that telemedicine leads to better treatment decisions for stroke patients compared to telephone consultations. The STRokE DOC technology enabled doctors to make correct decisions over 98% of the time, resulting in improved patient outcomes.
Sociologist Hiromi Ono's study reveals that children in step-families and other non-traditional families spend similar amounts of quality time with their parents as those in traditional families. However, married stepfathers are less involved with their stepchildren than biological fathers.
A study published in The Lancet Neurology found that telemedicine consultations resulted in more accurate decision-making compared to telephone consultations for patients with acute stroke. The study showed a 98% correct treatment decision rate for telemedicine versus 82% for telephone consultations.
Researchers have discovered that methadone has surprising killing power against leukemia cells, including those resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. The agent activates the mitochondrial pathway, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without harming non-leukemic blood cells.
The Diabetes Checks & Balances program has shown positive outcomes in its first year, with 29% of participants receiving all four tests, including HbA1c and eye exams. This increase is nearly twice as high as in 2006, suggesting improved diabetes management among local residents.
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that FOXA2 regulates genes involved in maintaining proper bile levels. The study suggests that increasing FOXA2 expression may be a novel therapeutic goal for treating diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary atresia.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism to overcome the resistance of human glioblastoma multiforme cells to growth factor inhibitors by blocking inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Combining drugs targeting IAPs with RTK inhibitors showed enhanced efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth. Additionally, targeting liver CB1 receptors may provid...
Researchers found that each type of cancer has distinct gene mutations that provide a 'selective advantage', driving tumor formation through evolution. This discovery improves our understanding of how evolution shapes life and lays the groundwork for new cancer treatments.
Current TB treatment regimens are insufficient in countries with high MDR-TB prevalence, leading to significantly higher failure and relapse rates. Studies reveal that for every 1% increase in MDR-TB, there's a corresponding 0.3% rise in new case treatment failure and a 1.1% increase in retreatment failure rate.
Researchers discovered an immune system protein called interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a powerful predictor of survival in children with septic shock. Measuring IL-8 levels can predict with 95% accuracy which children can survive through conventional antibiotics and therapies for at least 28 days following admission.
A 14-year follow-up study found that individuals with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to those with mild OSA or no sleep apnea. The study, which involved a community-based sample of adults, provides strong evidence linking sleep apnea to all-cause mortality.
Scientists at Washington University in St. Louis have detailed the interaction between a superfluid and a superconductor, which could change our understanding of neutron stars' motion. The research reveals exotic behavior at the boundary between type I and type II superconductors, with unexpected effects on magnetic fields.
Researchers at University of Illinois found that chronic exposure to estradiol decreases working memory and response inhibition in rats. This impairment is linked to altered brain activity in the prefrontal cortex, a region crucial for planning and decision-making.
A new study published in Ophthalmology reveals that Asian men are at a higher risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to smoking. In contrast, high levels of outdoor activity in childhood may prevent or control myopia in children, according to researchers. These findings suggest that environmental factors play a s...
A new study reveals significant variations in prostate cancer care quality by region, hospital type, and race, suggesting areas for improvement to enhance patient outcomes. Compliance rates with standardized measures vary greatly among healthcare facilities, highlighting the need for standardization.
Researchers found that standard flu vaccine boosted immune function in patients with recurrent or metastatic Ewing's sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, leading to higher five-year overall survival rates. The study suggests immunotherapy could be beneficial for high-risk pediatric sarcomas.
A study of 883 treatment-naïve HIV patients found that atazanavir/ritonavir once daily was as effective as lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily in reducing viral load and increasing CD4 cells. The once-daily regimen had less gastrointestinal toxicity but a higher rate of hyperbilirubinemia, supporting its use as a first-line treatment option.
A new study suggests that childhood obesity begins as early as age two, with over half of children reaching the overweight category by this age. Researchers found that obese children started gaining weight in infancy at a rapid rate, highlighting the need for early interventions to prevent future obesity.
A new MRI contrast medium, Gadofluorine M, has been developed to visualize inflammatory tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The study found that this medium enabled the detection of more inflammatory lesions in MS patients compared to conventional MRI images and contrast media.
A study of 490 black men found they ate an average of three servings of fruits and vegetables daily, despite the recommended nine servings per day. The researchers also identified barriers to food safety practices in restaurant employees, including inadequate training and resources.
A new antimicrobial surface coating, developed by a team of scientists, has shown promising results in reducing implant-related infections. The hybrid molecule combines two natural products with different modes of action, effectively hindering bacterial growth and attachment.
A new study published in the American Sociological Review found that individuals with personal connections to victims of the Iraq War or 9/11 terrorist attacks are less likely to approve of President Bush's performance, affecting both Republicans and Democrats. The pattern holds true across all demographics.
A new study found that targeting liver CB1 receptor may treat obesity-related conditions without brain-side effects, reversing severe insulin resistance and fatty liver in mice fed high-fat diets. The research indicates liver-specific CB1 is necessary for high-fat diet-induced fatty liver and related hormonal changes.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Hospitals found that 545 patients (0.6%) experienced allergic-like reactions after receiving nonionic iodinated contrast media, but 99% resolved completely within 24 hours with commonly used medications like diphenhydramine and corticosteroids.
A two-year study by UT Houston researchers found that 53% of women who tested positive for GBS during their first pregnancy were also positive during their second. The study suggests that retesting women in subsequent pregnancies may not be cost-effective due to the high recurrence rate.
Researchers discovered an extreme cooling event 12,700 years ago in Western Europe, with sediments revealing a short-term shift in atmospheric circulation. The findings suggest the climate system is not fully understood, with many puzzles remaining to be solved.
Researchers found that RTK inhibitors can be less effective in treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to cell death inhibition. Combining RTK and IAP inhibitors showed promise in inducing apoptosis in GBM cells, with enhanced efficacy in orthotopic mouse models.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study found that creatine supplementation had negligible effects on exercise function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite increased muscle creatine levels, the study's results suggest that physical training alone remains essential for improving outcomes.
Aeroecology is an emerging field exploring how airborne organisms depend on the lower atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface. This research has significant implications for understanding behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary responses of organisms in complex meteorological conditions.
Researchers have discovered unique structures of uncharged gold nano particles, which could lead to breakthroughs in catalysts for chemical reactions. The structures, formed by arranging seven gold atoms in a triangle with an additional vertex, were revealed through innovative combination of infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry.
A new study suggests that up to three-quarters of US schools labeled as 'failing' due to low test scores would pass using a measure of student learning impact. This approach considers students' learning rates during and outside the school year, providing a more accurate picture of school effectiveness.
A study published in Cancer Research found that the CB1 receptor plays a tumor-suppressing role in human colorectal cancer. Researchers discovered that CB1 expression is lost in most colorectal cancers, leading to increased tumor growth. Restoring CB1 expression with an existing drug showed promise in reducing tumors.
A newly discovered gene variant in TNFAIP3 may cause the immune system to continue attacking healthy tissues and organs, leading to damage. This discovery adds to a growing list of genes associated with lupus and holds promise for diagnosis and treatment.
A new study found that sleep-disordered breathing is associated with a two- to three-fold increase in the risk of death among adults aged 30 to 60. The severity of breathing issues was linked to an increased risk, with severe cases doubling mortality risk.
Research finds women whose husbands work long hours are more likely to quit their jobs, exacerbating gender inequality. Professional women with children are disproportionately affected, highlighting a potential return to the 'separate spheres' arrangement.
A genetic mutation in the filaggrin gene increases the risk of developing atopic dermatitis by threefold, while also predisposing individuals to hay fever and asthma. The study found that nearly 8% of German school children carry this genetic variation.
Scientists have found that certain nanostructures are more susceptible to failure by fracture at specific sizes. This is due to phonon confinement, which affects thermal transport and electronic processes. The study provides valuable information for designing stable nanostructures with reduced fracture energy.
The JDRF Scholar Award is granted to individual scientists who exhibit a unique creative vision and approach to research. Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone and Dr. Mark Cooper are the recipients of this prestigious award, which provides them with $250,000 annually for up to five years to conduct specialized research.
An international team produced two of the brightest, sharpest x-ray holograms of microscopic objects ever made, with resolutions of up to 50 nanometers. The technique used is called massively parallel x-ray Fourier-transform holography with 'coded apertures', inspired by the pinhole camera.
A study found that people with severe sleep apnea have a much higher mortality risk than those without, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.2. Regular CPAP use may protect against cardiovascular death, but the mechanisms are unclear.
A recent study found that convenience to home or work is a major reason patients switch mammography providers, with 37% citing this as the primary factor. The study also revealed that patients value factors such as doctor referral and quality of care when choosing a mammography provider.