A comprehensive review of the world's 634 kinds of primates found almost 50% at risk of extinction, with habitat destruction and hunting being major threats. Conservationists highlight successes in helping targeted species recover, but stress the urgent need for reforestation to protect remaining populations.
Research suggests that schizophrenia may be a by-product of human brain evolution, driven by increased metabolic demands. The study found molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of human cognitive abilities and identified changes in gene expression and metabolite concentrations in both healthy humans and individuals with schizop...
Researchers discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are not essential for path integration, a key aspect of spatial cognition. The study used memory-impaired patients to test this theory, finding they performed similarly to controls when tracking their start location within short-term memory.
Researchers have discovered a new way that organisms sense light, which may lead to insights into human sensory perception. The study found that exposing paralyzed worms to ultraviolet light restored normal movement levels in the animals.
Researchers calculated the great white's bite force to be up to 1.8 tonnes, making it more than 20 times harder than a human. The team also estimated the bite force of the extinct giant shark Carcharodon megalodon at 10.8-18.2 tonnes.
A recent study found that the provision of psychotherapy by US psychiatrists declined significantly between 1996 and 2005, with a decline in both office-based visits and the percentage of patients receiving therapy. This shift is attributed to reimbursement policies favoring brief medication management visits over psychotherapy.
A study published in Pediatrics found that an average of 12.5% of 10-14 year olds are exposed to graphic violence in R-rated movies, with some films seen by up to 48% of this age group. The researchers recommend rethinking the movie rating system and promoting clearer messages to parents.
Research reveals that children raised by authoritarian parents are more prone to act out bullying behavior, while those from nurturing families are less likely to bully. The study also found that middle-income families are less likely to produce bullies than high- or low-income families.
Immigrant children in the US are less physically active and less likely to participate in sports compared to US-born children. Immigrant Hispanic children were found to be more physically inactive, while they watched less TV than native children.
A study found that a rectal tenofovir gel can prevent the transmission of an AIDS-like virus in macaques. The gel was applied before exposure and protected most animals from infection. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in humans.
A nationwide study found that approximately 6,500 children are treated for diving-related injuries annually, with most common injuries occurring at heights under 1 meter. The largest age group affected was 10- to 14-year-olds, who were twice as likely to experience head or neck injuries.
A study of 5,952 twins and 1,357 siblings found that voluntary exercise is not associated with reduced anxiety and depression symptoms. Instead, a shared genetic factor may link exercise behavior to mood disorders.
Research reveals that breast cancer survivors must navigate the vulnerabilities of loved ones as they share their diagnosis. Women typically face challenges in asking for help from others while also being perceived as caregivers.
Under high pressure, oxygen molecules interact through their outermost electron clouds, increasing interactions and changing orbital locations. This leads to the formation of molecular clusters like (O2)4 at pressures about 10,000 times atmospheric, with potential applications in new materials and technologies.
Children and adolescents who get less REM sleep are more likely to be overweight. In the study, those who were overweight slept about 22 minutes less per night compared to normal-weight individuals.
IGV integrates multiple types of genomic data, allowing for rapid analysis and visualization. The tool provides flexible zooming and panning across all resolution scales.
A recent study found that Multidetector CT (MDCT) is just as accurate as MRI in assessing myocardial infarct size in an emergency setting. The study showed strong agreement between MDCT and MRI, with high sensitivity and specificity rates.
New studies presented at the XVII International AIDS Conference confirm a clear threshold response for DNA damage caused by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in Viracept. The research finds that patients exposed to elevated EMS levels are not at increased risk of cancer, despite levels below this threshold.
Researchers develop powerful tool for investigating gene function using siRNA and lentiviral vectors. The method enables long-term down-regulation of specific target genes in various cell types, facilitating cancer cell biology studies.
Maternal death rates in the US remain constant, but a study suggests reducing cesarean-related deaths by implementing thromboprophylaxis can lower mortality. The risk of death attributable to cesarean delivery is approximately 2/100,000 procedures, which can be significantly reduced with universal thromboembolism prophylaxis.
A Canadian study involving children and a botanical extract (COLD-fX) shows promise for its future development as a cold and flu remedy. The study, published in Pediatrics, found that acute three-day doses of COLD-fX were well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
A new study has identified a key molecular sensor in worms that allows them to respond to ultraviolet light, which may provide insights into nerve cell communication and learning. The discovery could potentially lead to new treatments for conditions such as depression and sleep disorders.
A study has identified a specific region of the PfEMP1 protein as crucial for attaching to placental walls, which could lead to new drug targets to prevent malaria-related complications during pregnancy. Researchers hope that mimicking this binding domain with pharmaceuticals may help develop immunity in women living in endemic regions.
The USPSTF recommends against routine prostate cancer screening for men over 75 due to insufficient scientific evidence showing improved health outcomes. Men under 75 may benefit from screening with more evidence needed, according to the updated recommendations.
A new study has shed light on the inner mechanics of the thymus, revealing its role in negative selection, which prevents immune cells from attacking the body's own tissues. Researchers genetically engineered mice to contain an antigen only in the cortex, finding that T cells programmed to attack it were absent from mature mice.
A study of HIV-infected crack users found that nearly half reported unprotected sex in the last six months, highlighting a pressing need for targeted interventions. The five-year HOPE study aims to improve engagement in care and prevention services, particularly for female users.
Ecologists assess the impact of human activity on bee populations and explore alternatives with native bees serving as 'biological insurance.' A study found that areas with extreme fragmentation have smaller bee populations and fewer species.
A study found that children with Rett syndrome have different esophageal movements than healthy individuals, explaining persistent reflux and swallowing issues. This may lead to a reevaluation of anti-reflux surgery for these patients.
Rising temperatures can lead to an increase in dry, desert-like conditions, affecting species' survival and natural resources. Climate change scientists warn that individual species indicate wider changes at the biome level, potentially altering ecosystem services for humans.
A UNC study reveals that nanoparticles designed with a specific shape, size, and surface chemistry are taken up by cells differently depending on these attributes. This finding could lead to more effective treatment methods for various diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
A new report reveals that recreation and park professionals are actively involved in health partnerships, with 88% of agencies involved in at least one partnership, and an average of four partnerships per agency. Successful partnerships depend on trust, collaboration and administrative support.
Researchers from Virginia Tech have identified a region of virulence proteins that enables them to enter the cells of their hosts, suppressing the immune system and allowing infection to progress. The discovery may lead to new approaches for blocking infections by both oomycete and malaria parasites.
A recent study published in PNAS found that the human brain's perception of fast-moving objects is biased by the slow-paced world around us. This affects our ability to catch balls and make decisions in high-speed environments, with implications for road safety and robotic vision systems.
A small pilot study found that gabapentin reduced insomnia in recovering alcoholics and helped them stay away from alcohol more successfully. The study involved 21 insomniacs in recovery from alcohol dependence, with 30% of patients who received gabapentin relapsing to drinking compared to 80% of those on placebo.
A new study suggests that job growth is not the only factor controlling job attainment and poverty rates, as many barriers limit its effectiveness. In small metropolitan areas, jobs had a bigger impact on reducing poverty due to easier access to job opportunities.
Children under five who lived in households with unrelated adults were six times more likely to die from maltreatment-related injuries than those living with two biological parents. Young children need nearly constant supervision, and caregivers must prioritize their safety.
A $20 million award from the NSF will help Caltech scientists, led by Harry Gray, advance their research on developing nanoscale materials for solar-fuel power plants. The project aims to create efficient catalysts for the oxidation of water to oxygen.
A new study suggests that male circumcision can overcome cultural and safety concerns, increasing penile sensitivity and reducing risky behaviors. Implementing circumcision programs in eastern and southern Africa could prevent an estimated two million HIV infections over the next decade.
Researchers created a new prognostic model for traumatic brain injury using patient characteristics from the IMPACT database, including age, motor component of Glasgow coma score, and pupillary reactivity. The model also includes haemoglobin and glucose measurement, providing a more comprehensive prediction of outcomes.
The University of Georgia has been awarded a $9.2 million grant to explore the molecular underpinnings of human embryonic stem cell differentiation, aiming to identify genetic and protein modification patterns that accompany this process.
Early maturity and low parental nurturance, communication, and knowledge are linked to increased aggression in adolescent girls. Positive parenting skills can mitigate negative effects of early maturation.
A study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that eating broiled or baked tuna and other fish high in omega-3 fatty acids can help prevent silent brain infarcts, which are associated with dementia and stroke. The risk was lower for those who ate these types of fish regularly.
Researchers found that at least one cough and cold medication was used by 10.1% of US children in a given week, with exposures to decongestants and antihistamines being the highest. The study also revealed that the use of these medications declined from 12.3% in 1999-2000 to 8.4% in 2005-2006.
A study published in the journal AIDS has found that long-term antiretroviral therapy for HIV may offer protection against atherosclerosis. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study measured coronary artery calcification in nearly 950 HIV-positive and HIV-negative men, finding CAC scores were almost 60% lower in those on HAART.
The USPSTF recommends against routine prostate cancer screening for men over 75 due to insufficient evidence. In contrast, the task force found that chronic illness is common among uninsured Americans, affecting an estimated 11.4 million adults with conditions like cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
A study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that the common HIV infectivity rate of 1 transmission per 1000 contacts is inaccurate and significantly underestimates actual transmission rates. The study estimated varying degrees of risk, including a 300-fold difference between different types of contact.
The Tevatron experiments have excluded a mass of 170 GeV for the Higgs boson with 95% probability, restricting possible masses and demonstrating sensitivity to potential signals. The combined data allows experimenters to cross-check and confirm results, improving their chances to observe the Higgs.
Researchers used a genetic technique pioneered at Stanford to analyze Y chromosomes from men in Tanzania and southern Africa. They discovered a novel mutation shared by some men in both locations, implying a common ancestor, and found that pastoralists first tended sheep and cattle in southern Africa around 2,000 years ago. This new ge...
A recent American Cancer Society study found that nearly half of cancer survivors used complementary methods such as prayer and meditation to cope with their condition. The study also revealed that women, younger survivors, and those with higher incomes were more likely to use these methods.
Researchers found networks of iron and nickel nanoparticles embedded within oxide scales, allowing carbon to diffuse through without defects. This discovery could lead to more corrosion-resistant alloys with ten times longer life.
Scientists have created the world's first all-integrated sensor circuit based on nanowire arrays, combining light sensors and electronics made of different crystalline materials. The method can be used to reproduce numerous devices with high uniformity.
A new pilot project aims to understand the eating habits of Latino migrant children and develop culturally appropriate interventions to combat obesity. The study will survey families in Ohio and Michigan farms and provide data to inform healthy food choices.
A study published in JAMA Network found that patients receiving rifampicin-based anti-tuberculosis therapy are more likely to experience virological failure when starting nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy. In contrast, efavirenz-based ART was associated with similar virological suppression rates regardless of tuberculosis status.
The Leptotyphlops carlae is the world's smallest known snake species, with adults measuring just under four inches in length. This tiny threadsnake was discovered by Blair Hedges in a forest fragment on Barbados and is believed to be rare due to habitat destruction.
A study found that low-dose growth hormone treatment reduced visceral adipose tissue and improved blood pressure in HIV-infected patients with abdominal obesity. However, it also increased glucose levels during glucose tolerance testing, highlighting the need for caution when using growth hormone therapy in this population.
A University of Washington study reveals a massive intervention by the US prison system on American families, disproportionately affecting black males. The research found higher rates of infertility, infectious diseases like TB and HIV/AIDS, and increased migration to rural areas among black inmates.
A sociologist's analysis reveals that new prescription drugs are twice as likely to harm patients as to provide benefits superior to existing drugs. The study identifies institutional flaws in the FDA's review process, including under-funding and industry influence.
Research suggests that homeownership promotes political involvement, particularly among those living in distressed areas. Homeowners in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to vote than renters and those in privileged communities.
Research by Marlese Durr and Adia Harvey Wingfield reveals that black professionals engage in 'emotional performance' to fulfill white colleagues' expectations, strengthening race/ethnic group solidarity. This emotional labor can lead to feelings of isolation and frustration among African American women.
Researchers used data mining to identify subtle differences in movement between rats with ALS mutations and controls, predicting the onset of disease two months early. This novel approach may enable testing of therapies to delay or prevent disease.