A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine has documented the association between obesity and increased risk of heart disease. The research found significant ethnic disparities in weight and cardiovascular health, with non-Hispanic white participants showing a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity.
A study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that men are overrepresented in research on conditions affecting both sexes, while women are underrepresented. The authors recommend standardizing mechanisms for sex-specific reporting and analysis in publications.
A study led by UCLA researcher Istvan Molnar-Szakacs aims to understand how children with ASD process emotions through musical excerpts and facial expressions. The goal is to develop more optimal interventions and promote music as a powerful tool for brain function research.
A qualitative study of English family practice found that pay-for-performance programs reduce continuity of care and increase fragmentation. The programs also changed the nature of patient consultations, leaving physicians feeling less skilled and disconnected from patients.
Researchers have developed a new technology using ozone and hydrogen peroxide to eliminate contaminants in water by advanced oxidation. The team created models for the degradation of various compounds and tested their efficacy in real-world scenarios.
A study of seven patients with Parkinson's disease found that re-implanting electrodes to correct placement can improve symptoms and reduce medication doses for those who had poor results after initial implantation. The procedure led to significant improvements in motor function scores and reduced levodopa medication doses.
The Plant Journal special issue explores how plants can convert their fixed carbon into fuels and other useful products. This provides a renewable and affordable source of carbon to sustain future economic development without negatively impacting the environment.
ASU researchers designed a molecule that mimics nature's non-photochemical quenching process, regulating light intensity and converting sunlight into chemical energy. The molecule adapts to its environment, reducing the efficiency of energy conversion as light intensity increases.
Researchers found a motor protein, myosin 2, remains structurally identical in turkeys and scallops despite their different physical paths. This suggests the protein's importance in regulating smooth muscle function, potentially holding key to understanding aneurisms in humans.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem demonstrate the exact mechanism by which embryonic stem cells develop into specific cell types. The study reveals that ES cells express a large proportion of their genome in an 'open and active' state, enabling them to become any cell type before undergoing global genetic silencing.
The Economic & Social Research Council invests £3 million in five projects across the UK to enhance student engagement and understanding of Science and Mathematics related subjects. The projects focus on curriculum reform, assessment methods, and developing effective interventions to improve participation rates.
A low-vision therapy program significantly improved vision in veterans with diseases of the macula, with notable gains in reading ability, mobility, and visual motor skills. The study suggests that at least 10 hours of low-vision therapy is justified for patients with moderate and severe vision loss from macular diseases.
NC State's Dr. Brenton Faber and Dr. David Berube are crafting a white paper to advise the government on communicating nanotechnology risks to the media and public. The goal is to ensure accurate risk communication for years to come.
A randomized trial found patients given beta-blockers after non-cardiac surgery had a higher risk of death or stroke compared to those given placebo, while having a lower risk of non-fatal heart attacks. However, these medications may not outweigh the increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
Researchers used computer simulations to study the effects of a minor genetic mutation on Alzheimer's disease. The mutation, which affects a protein fragment, alters its shape and increases the likelihood of toxic clumps forming in brain cells.
Researchers discovered glypican-3 loss induces overgrowth through Sonic Hedgehog, a growth factor stimulating cancer growth in rare disorder SGBS. This finding opens doors for novel treatments to inhibit overgrowth activity benefiting SGBS patients and GPC3-related cancer patients.
Children whose parents read aloud to them have better language and literacy skills when they start school. This interactive style of reading has a significant impact on their development. Additionally, the Reach Out and Read programme in Boston improved language skills in low-income families by increasing parents' reading habits.
Researchers at the University of Montreal have discovered a potential new treatment for cardiac complications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows that administering sildenafil protects the heart in mice with the disease.
A team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has used near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements to study ion-protein interactions. The results support the Law of Matching Water Affinities, a proposed explanation for Hofmeister effects.
A study funded by the Economic & Social Research Council found that students perceive mathematicians as old, white, middle-class men with no social life. The research suggests using popular culture to promote a more positive view of maths.
A major study found that beta-blockers like metoprolol may increase the risk of death and major stroke in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The POISE trial showed that while metoprolol reduces heart attack risk, it increases stroke and death risk, highlighting the need for caution in its use around surgery time.
The RevGenUK project aims to improve crop growth in adverse conditions and reduce nitrogen fertilizers. Researchers can access thousands of mutated plants with defective genes, enabling them to study gene function and develop sustainable crops.
A new study found that those with at least a high school education spend more years without cognitive loss, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia, but die sooner after the impairment becomes apparent. Those with higher levels of education can expect to live 14.1 more years without cognitive impairment.
Scientists from Brandeis University and the Leibniz Institut have created a 3D image of an Alzheimer's peptide aggregate using electron microscopy. The study reveals the spaghetti-like structure of A-beta peptide aggregates, also known as amyloid fibrils.
A Stanford study reveals that cars with AI voices can collect sensitive data on drivers' habits, preferences, and emotions, potentially used by insurance companies, advertisers, and governments to influence behavior
A study by Emory University researcher Jacobus de Roode found that higher levels of replication within the host result in both increased virulence and greater transmission of parasites. This suggests that natural selection selects for harmful parasites, prioritizing their fitness over host health.
Researchers found altered dopamine activity in individuals with social anxiety disorder, suggesting a biological cause for the dysfunction. The study provides evidence of a physical component to social anxiety and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
A review of 62 studies found that physical activity significantly reduces breast cancer risk in lean women, particularly those who engage in moderate and vigorous exercise after menopause. Obesity and family history of breast cancer counteract these benefits.
The EPA dismissed Deborah Rice, a highly respected toxicologist, after the chemical industry complained about her views on deca's health hazards. Herbert Needleman argues that this trend is not new and unique, citing his own dismissal for speaking out on lead poisoning.
Researchers found that disabled people faced uncertain financial futures due to limited access to insurance and extra costs associated with disability. Socio-economic factors such as religion and ethnicity also influenced attitudes towards money and debt.
A study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that breastfeeding for more than a year halves the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Women who breastfed for 13 months or more were 50% less likely to get the disease.
A study published in Neurology found that children with multiple sclerosis exhibit low IQ scores and problems with memory, attention, and other thinking skills. The disease can also affect language development, with 30% of affected children experiencing language difficulties.
Patients with hemianopia benefit from prism glasses that expand their visual field, improving obstacle avoidance and daily mobility. A new study has shown significant benefits for patients wearing these glasses, with 47% reporting them as 'very helpful' after 12 months.
Researchers have found that delaying gum tissue closure improves outcomes for cleft palate patients. The study, led by Dr. Damir Matic, involved 136 children and found that closing the cleft at 8-9 years old prior to canine tooth eruption leads to better facial growth and reduces damage.
A growing body of economic research suggests that public investment in early childhood programs may be able to lower public costs for social services by improving children's long-term welfare. However, the report highlights a spectrum of promising services and provides guidance on how to choose an optimal level of each program.
A study led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center finds that a tumor suppressor protein called PML enables leukemia-initiating cells to maintain quiescence, making them resistant to conventional therapies. Inhibiting PML with an arsenic-based agent successfully treats chronic myeloid leukemia when combined with chemotherapy.
A meta-analysis of 21 studies found that hypertension and hyperlipidemia significantly increase the risk of retinal vein occlusion. High blood pressure and high cholesterol levels were associated with a nearly 50% population-attributable risk for hypertension, 20% for hyperlipidemia, and 5% for diabetes.
A new study finds that Earth's plate tectonics could become unstable if the surface temperature rises by 100 degrees Fahrenheit or more for a few million years. This would cause the crust to become locked in place, leading to volcanic activity and a lack of tectonic plates moving.
A study found that glaucoma patients with poor health literacy have lower understanding of the condition, miss more appointments, and experience faster visual field loss. The authors emphasize the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate communication to improve patient compliance with medications and treatment.
A new study from researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that carbon monoxide in air pollution and tobacco smoke triggers tuberculosis infection to shift into a dormant state. This dormant state is difficult to detect and treat, contributing to the spread of TB and its high mortality rate.
A review of 28 studies found that 90% of participants wanted to receive study results, citing clinical importance and respect for participants. While sharing results can cause negative emotions, the majority reported feeling it was important to receive them.
Girls were harassed more frequently than boys, but both sexes suffered negative effects from a school climate that tolerates girl's harassment. The study found a link between the climate and feelings of safety, withdrawal from school, and lowered self-esteem in both girls and boys.
A sweeping analysis of 77 studies involving over 15,000 subjects found that media exposure to ultra-thin models significantly increased women's concerns about their bodies. The study suggests that the impact is growing stronger over time, contributing to health issues like low self-esteem and obesity.
Research found that individuals' expectations of recovering from whiplash injuries are crucial in predicting their likelihood of recovery. Patients who expected to make a full recovery were more likely to have fewer disability symptoms six months later.
A new Translational Research Center for PCOS will be established at VCU, focusing on genetics and pharmacogenomics to identify risk factors and optimal treatment. The center aims to bring research discoveries from the laboratory bench quickly to clinical care, improving outcomes for women with PCOS.
Scientists have developed a new way to estimate the total number of protein interactions in organisms, revealing that humans have approximately 10 times more protein interactions than fruit flies. This study contradicts previous comparisons based on gene numbers, which suggested that humans and fruit flies are relatively similar.
Researchers plan to reduce binge drinking by providing workplace information and employee commitments, with a focus on raising awareness of health effects. They will follow up with employees to assess long-term behavior change.
A study by Ashley J. W. Ward and colleagues found that groups of fish only follow leaders when a threshold number of fellow group members perform a particular behaviour, reducing the risk of non-adaptive following. This quorum response is also relevant to human decision-making.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a software toolbox that can automatically analyze protein patterns in human tissues. This tool can help identify biomarkers useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy, enabling a better understanding of how cells work and advancing disease detection.
A study published in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management found that borrowers who complete homeownership education and counseling programs are more informed about when to refinance. The effectiveness of these programs varies by type, with intensive classroom-based instruction showing significant impacts on borrowing behavior.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered T cells use molecular controls to modulate development and avoid autoimmunity. Subtle defects in these controls may explain the delayed onset of autoimmune diseases.
A study found that young children tend to associate glasses with intelligence and honesty, but not attractiveness. The findings suggest that media portrayals may be reinforcing stereotypes among young children.
A new study found that the risk of hospitalization from being violently assaulted increases when local alcohol sales rise. For every extra 1,000 liters of alcohol sold per store per day, the overall risk of being hospitalized for assault increased by 13%. The risk was highest in men, youths aged 13 to 20 years, and those living in urba...
A recent study found that homeless youth who attended school more often or had a job were most likely to reduce their homeless days over a six-month period. Strong family support and cultural identity also played a crucial role in helping teens exit homelessness.
A 20-year study by NOAA reveals a positive trend in reducing contaminant levels in U.S. coastal waters, despite ongoing concerns about metals and industrial chemicals. The report highlights decreasing trends for pesticides like DDT and industrial chemicals PCBs, but notes continued issues with oil-related compounds and flame retardants.
Researchers found that fruit tuck shops significantly increased fruit consumption among children when paired with a 'no food' or 'fruit only' policy. Children who attended schools with these policies reported higher fruit intake, even if they didn't use the fruit tuck shop.
Research found that subordinate fish go on a diet to avoid provoking fights, maintaining social hierarchy in coral reef groups. This discovery challenges traditional views on dominant individuals retaining their position through size and intimidation.
A new study has found that men are more likely to crave alcohol when they feel negative emotions, such as sadness and anxiety. Women tend to ruminate on these feelings, while men may distract themselves by using alcohol as a coping mechanism.
A randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of naltrexone alone and in combination with sertraline among Alaskans living in rural settings. The study found that naltrexone significantly improved abstinence rates compared to placebo, with 35% of participants remaining abstinent for the entire 16-week treatment.
A recent study found that binge drinkers, even when legally intoxicated, believe they have adequate driving abilities. However, their performance on a simulated driving task was poor. The researchers propose that lack of internal sedation cue and variable drinking habits may be responsible for this disconnect.