Researchers examined two emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal and suppression. Reappraisal reduced negative emotions and activated prefrontal cortex, while suppression increased amygdala activity. These findings suggest reappraisal as a more successful coping strategy.
Despite a colder-than-average winter, Arctic sea ice remains vulnerable due to long-term warming climate trends. The area of perennial sea ice, which lasts for several years, has declined significantly from 50-60% in the mid-1980s to less than 30% this year.
Researchers report a significant decline in invasive pneumococcal disease rates in all age groups post-PCV7 introduction. Disease caused by non-PCV7 serotypes, especially 19A, is emerging and accounts for nearly all IPD cases.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in homemade explosives. The penny-sized electronic sensor is comparable to current instruments but cheaper and more portable.
A recent study investigated the effect of probiotic bacterial combinations on cytokine production in vitro. The results showed that different bacteria compete with each other during host cell interactions, and novel probiotic strains are more potent inducers of Th1 type cytokines.
A major review found that only two per cent of paediatric drug trials had independent safety monitoring committees to detect adverse drug reactions. Clinical drug trials in children are essential for developing medicines and treatments, but greater safety measures and awareness are needed.
Research found prokineticin 2/Bv8 is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma, but expressed in liver resident macrophages, suggesting a role in Kupffer cell physiology.
A new method of pancreaticojejunostomy has been developed to overcome technical difficulties in performing the procedure on soft pancreas with narrow ductal size. The method uses a fast-absorbable suture material and temporary stent to secure complete external drainage of pancreatic juice.
Researchers at Schepens Eye Research Institute have identified a chemical compound that can awaken dormant Müller cells in the eye, transforming them into progenitor cells capable of generating new retinal cells. This breakthrough discovery offers new potential for treating diseases such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
Researchers warn that brain imaging technology, such as fMRI, may promote abuse of detainees due to its limitations and open interpretation. The technology's reliance on detecting tiny changes in blood oxygen levels raises concerns about accuracy and potential misuse.
Research reveals that past child abuse increases PTSD symptoms in adults, with certain gene variations amplifying the risk. The study identifies a key gene, FKBP5, which plays a crucial role in regulating stress-response systems.
A new NASA study uses satellite data to estimate the amount of pollution from East Asian forest fires, urban exhaust, and industrial production that reaches western North America. The study estimates that 15% of local US & Canada emissions are offset by pollution aerosols coming from East Asia.
Researchers at Ohio State University identified 14 types of mold on and around Madagascar hissing cockroaches, including molds associated with allergies. Handling the insects may trigger allergic responses in sensitive individuals if proper cleaning and care are not taken.
A study by Ritesh Saini and Ashwani Monga found that consumers use heuristics to make decisions when spending time, rather than money. This approach leads to differences in decision-making, with a greater reliance on intuitive judgments.
Female zebra finches strongly preferred directed, courtship songs with less variability in pitch, indicating an ear for detail. The study's findings also suggest that females' preferences shape male song behavior over time, highlighting the importance of social communication in birdsong production and perception.
Research findings suggest that growth hormone does not enhance athletic performance, while universal MRSA screening is associated with significant disease reduction. Additionally, cognitive impairment affecting 22% of older adults exists without dementia, and current colonoscopy guidelines may predict false positives for advanced polyps.
A study found that about 1 in 200 facelift patients developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, highlighting the need for screening protocols to identify high-risk patients. The authors recommend considering MRSA colonization and infection risk factors during preoperative evaluation.
A three-year prevention program did little to reduce alcohol use among Chicago middle schoolers, despite its success in rural Minnesota. The study suggests that low-income children in urban areas need more comprehensive and intensive efforts to prevent drinking.
Scientists found that humans first hunted the flightless sea duck more than 10,000 years ago, but it persisted until about 2,400 years ago. The prolonged survival of the bird challenges the 'Pleistocene over-kill theory', which suggests that human arrival led to rapid extinction.
Zur Hausen demonstrated the role of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer, providing key findings that led to the recognition of HPV as a primary cause. His research also linked HPV to other cancers, including laryngeal carcinoma and penile carcinoma.
Researchers found that consumers associate animal logos more strongly with themselves than traditional product-related logos. This association enhances brand evaluation and recognition. The study's findings challenge conventional branding wisdom, suggesting unique visual identifiers can be effective in marketing.
A new genomics tool identifies artificial vector sequences by clustering shared DNA regions, allowing for high sensitivity and specificity in detecting engineered pathogens. The tool's potential is being explored to combat malicious genetic engineering applications.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a new hemoglobin type that appears to transport less oxygen than normal. This discovery was made after examining two patients with low oxygen levels in their blood, who did not show any signs of cardiac defects. The new type of haemoglobin, named Haemoglobin Bonn, can distort oxygen...
The resurgence of syphilis in high-income countries has left many doctors unfamiliar with the disease's manifestations. The authors conclude that renewed training is necessary for health-care professionals, particularly in addressing increases among men who have sex with men and some high-risk heterosexual couples.
Dr. Adam Marcus receives $80,000 award to study lung cancer cell invasion and mutations of the LKB1 protein. This research could lead to novel diagnostic and prognostic approaches to control lung cancer malignancy.
The rapid growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in London during the late 1990s was driven by transmission within clusters of sexual contacts, with individuals frequently passing the virus to others after becoming infected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six large clusters and many smaller ones based on genetic relatedness of HIV viruses.
In a phase II trial, patients with varicose veins treated with Varisolve foam experienced no neurological, visual or cardiac changes. The study used carbon dioxide-based foam and monitored patients with heart defects for potential risks.
A three-year study found people with severe white matter changes are twice as likely to score poorly on walking and balance tests. Exercise may have the potential to reduce the risk of these problems, which can lead to hospitalization and nursing home placement.
A multidisciplinary team from the University of Illinois has solved the mystery of how the HIV virus's TAT protein crosses cell membranes. The findings reveal that the protein creates a 'saddle splay curvature' in the membrane, making it porous and allowing molecules to pass through.
Researchers propose that mantle convection played a role in forming Mercury's lobate scarps, contrary to earlier theories. The simulations suggest that upwellings from mantle convection take on a linear roll shape, distinct from other planets' features.
Researchers found that consumers with a relational processing mindset, which notices relationships between data, are shaped by context and can apply it to subsequent products. This contrasts with item-specific processing, where data is considered independently.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered that geckos rely on their active tails to prevent falling off vertical surfaces and navigate through mid-air. The study has implications for designing better climbing robots and may aid in space exploration.
The proportion of foodborne outbreaks linked to leafy green consumption has substantially increased over the past 35 years, despite a rise in leafy green consumption. Per capita availability of leafy greens was found to be a significant factor in this correlation.
Researchers at Ohio State University are developing a technology to coat turbine blades with zirconium dioxide, also known as synthetic diamond, to combat high-temperature corrosion. The coating converts corrosive particles into a protective outer layer, renewing itself constantly.
Researchers have found unexpected luminous spots on Jupiter's atmosphere caused by the moon Io's volcanic eruptions. The discovery challenges previous models of the Io footprint and reveals a new interpretation where beams of electrons travel from one hemisphere to another.
Four main ideologies governing tech consumption are outlined in a new paper, including the Techtopian ideology promoting social betterment through tech development. The study reveals that each promise offered by these ideologies is ultimately unrealizable, driving consumers to seek completion through ceaseless technology adoption.
A recent survey of over 13,000 shoppers reveals that tightwads are more prevalent than spendthrifts due to the emotional pain associated with spending. Tightwads tend to save because forking out money is too painful an experience.
Researchers found that viruses associated with microbialites are distinct from those in other environments and indicate the structures' connection to ancient ecosystems. The study provides insights into the evolution of life on Earth and the origins of these unique ecosystems.
A new essay proposes revising protected area categories to reflect biodiversity outcomes, with potential huge implications for preserving the earth's rapidly diminishing biodiversity. The change aims to make significant gains in biodiversity conservation and stanch species loss, habitat destruction, and ecosystem services degradation.
Researchers at Monell Center found that fruit flies respond positively to most human-preferred sweeteners, highlighting the critical role of environment in shaping taste preferences. The study suggests convergent evolution in perceptual behavior, where similar environmental pressures led to similar taste responses.
According to a study of 3,047 trauma patients, most experience moderately severe pain one year after injury. Pain severity is highest in joints and extremities, and varies by age and sex, with younger adults more likely to experience pain than older adults.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have discovered a new method to control fluid particle motion in tiny channels. By arranging particles in layers aligned with channel boundaries, they can promote faster particle transport and improve the efficiency of micro- and nano-scale technologies.
Researchers discovered a higher frequency of vitiligo in a Romanian community compared to surrounding populations, suggesting a genetic component. However, the disease's onset required environmental triggers, indicating that genetics alone may not be enough to explain its development.
A study found that about 60% of people with severe West Nile infection continue to experience symptoms years after infection. Most recovery takes place within two years following infection.
The partnership aims to reduce the 'flood of information' in TAIR by allowing researchers to directly enter their own data through a web interface. This will increase data input from Plant Physiology articles, enhancing the overall dataset in TAIR.
Two researchers, Hildegard Schuller and Albert Baldwin, received funding for studies on sex differences in lung cancer and the regulation of normal cell growth. The grants aim to increase understanding of lung cancer and support scientists pursuing lung cancer research.
A double-blind study found Pycnogenol improved both numerical and spatial working memory in senior citizens. The antioxidant extract reduced oxidative stress markers, indicating a potential role in preserving or enhancing mental functions.
A study of 703 burn patients found that younger age, neck or arm burns, and surgical procedures increased the risk of abnormal scarring. Females and those with multiple surgeries had a higher risk of pathologic scarring.
The banking crisis is attributed to unrealistic expectations of high returns on equity and poor risk management, according to economist Paul J.J. Welfens. The crisis will persist if regulatory systems are not improved and sustainable investment strategies are not promoted.
The US Food and Drug Administration is considering new rules that would require new antibiotics to be clinically superior to existing drugs, rather than non-inferior. This change could discourage pharmaceutical companies from developing new antibiotics for common infections.
A recent study published in Journal of Consumer Research found that the feel of a container can significantly impact consumer perceptions of taste and quality. Low autotelics, those who tend to avoid touching products, were more negatively affected by flimsy cups, while high autotelics showed no significant difference.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that Chikungunya virus-infected mothers rarely harm infants early in pregnancy but can cause severe problems, including brain injury, in babies born near the time of delivery. Researchers recommend clinicians monitor babies exposed to chikungunya around delivery for supportive treatment.
A two-year study project aims to create a diabetes foot care centre in Alexandria, Egypt, providing care and education to people living with diabetes. The project seeks to reduce amputation rates by at least 25% through prevention, multi-disciplinary treatment of foot ulcers, and close monitoring.
Dr. John Polanyi is awarded the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal for his outstanding contributions to science and society over 50 years. The $1 million prize will fund his research for the next five years, supporting breakthroughs in manipulating molecules.
Researchers have developed an algorithm to discover communities and substructures in various networks, including genetic networks and social networks. The tool has been applied to identify community structures in co-expressed genes and social networks, and can also be used for sociological research.
A study published in PNAS reveals that evolution drives animals to become more complex, with most branches evolving in the same direction. The researchers found that complexity increases as organisms adapt to their environments and compete for resources.
Patients with head and neck cancer experience declines in physical quality of life due to treatments such as feeding tube placement, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, their mental health quality of life improves after one year, suggesting the importance of addressing depression and smoking cessation in treatment.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that neighborhoods with higher levels of poverty, lower education, and more female-headed families tend to have lower exercise levels. Social and economic factors outside of individual control can impact physical activity.
Researchers found that online P3 communities produce social capital, which strengthens over time and provides a foundation for archived technical assistance and broad social connections. Members develop an extended family-like relationship, sharing moral support and valuable advice.
A study by the University of Chicago's Center for Interdisciplinary Health Disparities Research links early onset breast cancer in black women to neighborhood conditions, including social isolation and stress. The research aims to inform policy makers on creating cost-effective interventions to reduce women's vulnerability.