A study published by the American Thoracic Society found that certain vitamin supplements, including multivitits, vitamin C, and folate, did not protect against lung cancer and may even increase the risk. The risk was highest among current smokers, with a seven percent rise in risk for every 100mg/day of supplemental vitamin E.
A new study published in Hypertension found that low-fat diets are more effective in preserving and promoting a healthy cardiovascular system compared to low-carbohydrate diets. The research suggests that the higher fat content in low-carb diets may increase the risk of atherosclerosis, leading to heart disease.
Researchers developed a zebrafish-based screening strategy to identify genes and chemical compounds that protect against hearing loss caused by ototoxic medications. The study identified five mutations in genes that, when inherited, protected hair cells from damage.
A NYU College of Nursing researcher has been awarded a $4.1M grant to study the work decisions and career changes of newly licensed registered nurses over an eight-year period. The study aims to understand factors that promote retention of these professionals and inform health care organizations' efforts to retain qualified RNs.
Researchers used topographic data from NASA's HiRISE camera to determine how a flow of pure liquid water would look on the images versus an avalanche of dry granular debris. The study found that the dry granular case was the winner, suggesting that liquid water has not been found on the Martian surface within the last decade.
Computer simulations revealed that a defective gene causes cystic fibrosis by misfolding the CFTR protein. The study identifies critical amino acid pairs essential for proper protein folding, providing guidance for designing small molecule drugs.
A new study, ALTTO, is testing two targeted medications to treat aggressive breast cancer in 8,000 participants across 50 countries. The trial will compare four different regimens of targeted therapy and provide insights into individualized patient care.
A UC Riverside-led study has discovered a vast pool of nitrate in near-surface desert soils under 'desert pavement', which could contaminate surface and groundwaters. The researchers warn that disruptions to these areas could result in wind erosion, transporting high levels of nitrate to groundwater or surface waters.
A new study reveals that families of children with autism often experience substantial financial burdens, including high therapy costs and reduced lifestyle choices. Financial planners can help direct families to available resources and encourage smart spending decisions to mitigate these effects.
A study by Nationwide Children's Hospital found that more than 98,000 high school sports-related injuries were directly linked to illegal activities, with the highest rates in girls' soccer and volleyball. The research suggests that reducing illegal activity through rule enforcement and education may reduce sports-related injuries.
A new national survey found that elevated indoor allergen levels are associated with asthma symptoms in allergic individuals, particularly those with allergies. Regular household cleaning and reducing exposure to pets and pests can help alleviate symptoms.
The ESRC Festival of Social Science 2008 celebrates British social science research, highlighting its impact on everyday lives. The festival features over 90 events across UK towns and cities, covering topics such as climate change, ageing, and energy efficiency.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that one-third of women experience pelvic floor disorders, including incontinence and prolapse. The study, which surveyed over 4,000 women aged 25-84, highlights the need for education and access to experts in female pelvic medicine.
Researchers used zebrafish to screen for genes and chemical compounds that protect against hair cell damage caused by ototoxic medicines. They identified five mutations in genes that provided protection and two compounds that robustly protected hair cells.
A group of stakeholders, including forest wood-product businesses, environmental groups and public land agencies, worked with scientists to identify the potential volume of wood resources available from more than 2 million acres of Arizona forests. The analysis estimates a potential supply of up to 850 million cubic feet of wood and 8 ...
Researchers found that low blood oxygen saturation increases the risk of stroke in children with sickle cell disease. A commonly used predictive model was deemed inadequate, highlighting the need for better screening tools.
The NHLBI has published its first US clinical practice guidelines for von Willebrand Disease, a condition that affects 1 in 100 to 1,000 people. The guidelines provide recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of the three major types of VWD, emphasizing proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.
Research found that airborne bacteria are globally distributed and may cause freezing at warmer temperatures, leading to the formation of rain. The bacteria can multiply and form groups on plants, creating a cycle of precipitation that could help reduce drought.
A team of UC San Diego computer scientists has developed a groundbreaking algorithm for 3D reconstruction from 2-D images, solving the long-standing problem of autocalibration. This technology has vast potential in various applications, including virtual product showcases and augmented-reality walkthroughs.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center discovered a novel mechanism that can enhance the function of AML1, a protein frequently impaired in acute leukemia. The study identified the methyltransferase enzyme controlling normal AML1 activity and demonstrated its ability to regulate transcription factors.
A new study found that chickens have a different version of a gene that codes for white skin, but the yellow-skin variant is present in a completely different wild species, grey junglefowl. This discovery contradicts Charles Darwin's theory that all chickens came from a wild red junglefowl species.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a crucial role of the Hax1 protein in protecting cells from apoptosis. The findings provide valuable insights into the biochemical interactions that control programmed cell death, which may lead to new treatments for diseases like Parkinson's.
A new study from the American Cancer Society reveals that breast cancer death rates among African American women are decreasing in only 11 US states and remain flat or increase in at least half. The disparity is attributed to access issues, regional variations in treatment quality, and limited screening services.
A concentrated broccoli sprouts extract cut bladder tumor development in animal models, with isothyiocyanates delivering potent protective action. The study's results reinforce associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and reduced bladder cancer risk.
Researchers discovered a new genetic link between the MEGF10 gene and schizophrenia, finding that a variant of the gene is associated with increased heritability risk. The study also found that the MEGF10 gene is expressed more extensively in post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with schizophrenia.
A new study by University of Minnesota professor Paul Vaaler reveals that foreign investors respond to shifting partisan political tides during election years in emerging-market countries. When the likely swing is to the right-wing, foreign investment projects increase, while left-wing swings lead to a decrease in new investments.
A Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute student has developed a new type of LED that could allow for its widespread use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), improving screen clarity and conserving energy. The polarized LED, invented by Martin Schubert, is expected to revolutionize the field of lighting technology.
Researchers found that human and dog cancers share a common genetic basis. The study discovered identical genetic abnormalities in both species for certain types of cancer, suggesting cancer may be inevitable due to shared genome evolution.
Researchers collected boulders from three glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, a region experiencing rapid ice sheet changes. The study's findings provide a long-term picture of glacier behavior and help improve computer models to predict future sea-level rise.
Researchers at Rutgers University have uncovered how the developing embryo reacts to fluctuations in maternal vitamin A levels. The study reveals that LRAT protects tissues from toxic levels of vitamin A and identifies three key molecular players involved.
A study of Lake Bloomington, a major source of drinking water for central Illinois residents, reveals high nitrate concentrations exceeding safe levels. The research aims to inform producers on nitrogen fertilizer management in sensitive watershed areas.
Researchers have developed a new statistical model to clean up low-quality HLA data, enabling easier and more cost-effective individual immune system analysis. This advancement has significant implications for transplant medicine, disease diagnosis, and understanding viral evolution.
A Weill Cornell team discovered that EP2 and EP4 receptors play a key role in boosting estrogen production in fat and breast cancer cells. This pathway increases the risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The study's findings suggest new targets for pharmaceutical research, including drugs that target these receptors.
The BioBlower technology has passed US Department of Defense tests and has been directed to retrofit military platforms with the system. The device destroys airborne pathogens by rapidly heating and compressing contaminated air, providing a more efficient and effective solution than conventional HEPA filters.
A team of researchers identified a human gene called TRIM22 that can block HIV infection in cell culture by preventing virus assembly. The discovery shows the body has a natural defense mechanism against HIV, but research is needed to understand why it doesn't work in people infected with HIV.
Researchers discovered that atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) stabilizes steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) levels in breast cancer cells. This stabilization is associated with increased SRC-3 function and enhanced estrogen-receptor target gene transcription.
Researchers identified a hybrid gene in Asian monkeys that produces a protein capable of blocking HIV infection. This is the second time a similar TRIM5-CypA gene has been found in different monkey species, indicating convergent evolution.
A new study found that clozapine was approximately twice as effective as high-dose olanzapine in treating adolescents with schizophrenia. Both medications produced significant weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, but clozapine showed greater symptom reduction for positive and negative symptoms.
The survey found that no state is providing all of the recommended care to the majority of their children with special health care needs. State-by-state comparisons show vast differences in the quality of care, with some states performing well in specific areas but failing overall.
Researchers have found that hormone replacement therapy does not significantly affect the risk of developing or exacerbating rheumatoid arthritis. The study analyzed data from over 27,000 postmenopausal women taking part in a clinical trial, revealing no notable differences between those on hormone replacement therapy and placebo groups.
Scientists have identified two types of electromagnetic configurations in inertial confinement fusion implosions that affect dynamics and diagnosis. Researchers measured field strength and area densities using radiography with a pulsed monoenergetic proton source.
Researchers found that tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women pose significant threats to maternal and child health. In some countries, rates of tobacco-related exposures are already high enough to warrant substantial concern.
Bilateral lung transplantation in younger patients with end-stage COPD provides longer survival than single lung transplantation, with median survival times of 6.41 and 4.59 years, respectively. This finding holds true even after adjusting for pre-transplant characteristics.
A new study by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago has identified a crucial enzyme for bacterial growth in blood, offering a potential target for antibiotics. The study found that most E. coli bacteria strains cannot grow in human blood if they lack a specific gene involved in nucleotide biosynthesis.
Differences in gene expression levels between people of European and African ancestry can impact how they respond to certain drugs. The study found significant differences in several unrelated processes, including genes involved in producing antibodies to microbial invaders.
Scientists at the John Innes Centre have discovered how roots use a growth control mechanism to find their way through soil and overcome obstacles. By exploring the soil in a similar way to humans navigating in the dark, root hairs can sense and adapt to changes in their environment.
Kattesh Katti's breakthrough discovery uses gold salts, soybeans and water to produce gold nanoparticles with major applications in cancer detection, electronics and medicine. The environmentally-friendly process could have significant implications for the future of nanotechnology.
The American Association of Physicists in Medicine celebrates its 50th anniversary, highlighting key contributions of medical physicists to medicine. Medical physicists have developed technologies such as MRI, CT scanning, and PET scanning, which have transformed imaging and cancer treatment.
Researchers found that chimpanzees activate the same brain region as humans when producing communicative signals, suggesting a shared neural basis for language. The study suggests that this common ancestor may have possessed a 'language-ready brain,' with tremendous plasticity allowing for development of complex communicative signals.
A University of Florida study found that the protein Bc12 blocks DNA repair in lung cancer cells, allowing them to thrive despite damage from radiation or chemicals. The discovery provides a new understanding of how lung cancer cells evade treatments, offering potential targets for drug development.
A recent study published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry found that POM Wonderful 100% Pomegranate Juice has superior antioxidant power compared to other beverages. The juice ranked higher than red wine, Concord grape, blueberry, and orange juices in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
Researchers at Indiana University found that treatment with oral or swallowed/sprayed steroids results in significant patient improvement, but relapse is common if discontinued. The study suggests that long-term results are similar between groups, offering hope for effective therapy.
Brent Christner's team found biological particles in precipitation, which can catalyze freezing at warmer temperatures, affecting precipitation patterns. The discovery has implications for understanding agricultural pathogens and their role in the global warming process.
A study found a rare but significant link between statin use and tendon complications, including tendonitis and rupture. Regular examination may be necessary for patients on statins, particularly during strenuous physical activity.
A study of 4,248 RA patients found that TNF inhibitors reduced heart failure risk when disease activity was high. The treatment also protected the heart and vital organs by reducing inflammation.
Researchers have created a new class of statistical estimators called 'centroid' estimators, which allow for more accurate predictions from massive datasets. These estimators identify the most representative solution from the data, overcoming limitations of traditional methods like maximum likelihood estimation.
A study of over 10,400 patients found no significant decrease in hospital mortality with intensive insulin therapy. In fact, mortality rates were higher in ICU patients with short stays.
Researchers found that some abiotic precursors to life on Earth carry 'handedness' in a larger number than previously thought. The discovery was made possible by the study of an exceptionally pristine meteorite, which revealed molecular asymmetry in extraterrestrial chemistry.
A new Penn study reveals that college-age females experience high levels of discomfort about being weighed in public, potentially leading to missed health tests and treatments. The study's findings suggest that women may avoid doctor visits due to embarrassment, highlighting the importance of private weighing for improved health outcomes.
The John Templeton Foundation has selected 10 prominent US and UK journalists for the 4th annual Templeton-Cambridge Journalism Fellowships in Science & Religion. The fellows will receive a stipend, book allowance, and travel expenses to conduct independent research on key areas in science and religion.