The marsupial lion's 'bolt-cutter' type teeth allowed for rapid killing of prey, while African lions used a 'clamp and hold' technique that could take up to 15 minutes. Research suggests the marsupial lion was an efficient predator that could inflict mortal wounds on large prey.
Research suggests that Acanthus ilicifolius, a popular Indian medicinal plant, can prevent hepatic DNA alterations and sister-chromatid exchanges in tumor-bearing mice. The study also showed that ALE treatment was able to limit liver metallothionein expression and lengthen the mean survival of animals.
Researchers at Iowa State University's Center for Transportation Research and Education have tested the performance of the country's first hybrid school buses. The buses feature electric drive trains that can move at street speeds, capturing energy from braking to recharge their batteries. Initial results show improved fuel efficiency ...
A large comparison of blood samples found Toxoplasma gondii parasite infection may increase schizophrenia risk in people diagnosed with the disorder. People exposed to toxoplasma had a 24% higher risk of developing schizophrenia.
A study found that 13% of children with asthma were uninsured at some point during the year, leading to increased risk of unmet medical needs and hospitalizations. Children without insurance are 14 times more likely to have an unmet need for medication than those with private insurance.
Scientists have discovered a way to eliminate the negative effect of M2 protein on anti-flu vaccination, increasing efficacy while maintaining safety. This breakthrough could lead to more effective and strain-specific vaccines against seasonal flu.
Children whose mothers experience chronic stress during early years have a higher asthma rate than peers. Long-term maternal stress was associated with an increase in nearly a third of childhood asthma prevalence. Maternal distress also intensified risk under specific home environments, such as high-income households or sibling presence.
A study finds that HIV prevalence falls more consistently among highly educated groups than less educated ones in sub-Saharan Africa. The research suggests that while HIV education campaigns led to a decline in infections among the well-educated, they had little impact on the least educated populations.
A study by MIT researchers reveals that genetic differences between males and females contribute to the higher incidence of liver cancer in men. The research suggests that chronic inflammation and male sex hormones play a role in this increased risk.
Researchers found Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malaria parasite, is widely distributed in Malaysia and sometimes fatal. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent rapid onset of complications and death.
A new technique developed by Dr. Eli Peli's team allows people with low vision to improve their ability to see and enjoy television with enhanced image contrast. The method, which can be easily incorporated into digital TVs and internet video, enables visually-impaired individuals to select the desired level of enhancement.
Research published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin reveals that associating Asian-Americans with positive qualities increases feelings of threat, leading to more negative attitudes. The study's findings highlight the importance of considering the costs of ethnic stereotypes on perceptions of other groups.
The Advanced Energy Consortium aims to improve oil and gas production by developing intelligent subsurface micro and nanosensors. The technology will help characterize reservoirs in three dimensions, increasing recovery rates of existing and new hydrocarbon resources.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that hormonal components in over-the-counter dietary supplements can stimulate cancer-cell growth and make anti-cancer drugs less effective. The study's findings highlight the need for patients to inform their doctors about any herbal or hormonal supplements they are taking.
A study published in Clinical Cancer Research demonstrates that a novel mass-spectrometry based proteomic profiling method is more accurate than traditional biomarkers in distinguishing liver cancer patients from patients with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis. The technique, SELDI-TOF MS, identified an 11-protein signature that accurately d...
A new study published in Molecular Systems Biology reveals that probiotics can significantly alter the biochemistry of gut microbes and affect metabolism. Researchers found that different probiotic strains triggered distinct biochemical changes, including modifications to bile acid metabolism, which could influence fat absorption.
Researchers are using UAVs to detect and monitor the spread of Phytophthora infestans, a fungus-like organism responsible for the Irish Potato Famine. The study aims to track the movement of the pathogen in the atmosphere to inform management decisions.
Postmenopausal women taking combined estrogen/progestin hormone-replacement therapy for three years or more face a significant increased risk of developing various forms of lobular breast cancer. The study, which confirms previous reports, suggests that even short exposure to such hormones may confer an increased risk.
Researchers created tiny carbon-based pipettes that can probe cells with minimal intrusion and inject fluids without damaging cell growth. These nanoscale devices have potential applications in nanosurgery and the development of new drugs and therapeutics.
Jacobo Bielak has been awarded $1.6 million from the NSF PetaApps program to develop advanced earthquake computer simulations that can improve disaster planning and preparation. The new grant will enable the creation of three-dimensional models simulating how earthquakes impact buildings, bridges, and other critical urban infrastructures.
Children of BRCA mutation carriers are more likely to support genetic testing, despite potential risks and benefits. A study found that 40% of parents and their adult offspring supported testing minors, with half in favor only in certain circumstances.
Researchers analyzed medical records of 249 IPF patients and found that current smokers had longer survival times due to milder disease. However, non-smokers had better survival rates, suggesting a possible link between smoking damage and progression of lung disease.
The MIT Energy Initiative has partnered with Eni to develop novel photovoltaic materials and design solar power plants. The five-year collaboration will focus on six areas of research, including nano-structured thin film photovoltaics and water splitting.
A survey found that Americans favor keeping employer role in paying for health insurance and believe covering all should be a shared responsibility. The report also evaluates the Presidential candidates' health reform plans, highlighting key differences between Democratic and Republican proposals.
A recent Argonne National Laboratory study found that proteins can move in more configurations than previously thought, especially in dilute solutions. The researchers discovered that environmental conditions influence which state a protein prefers to enter, and this knowledge may help understand how proteins interact with drugs.
Researchers have identified cyclin D1 as a key player in ER+ breast cancers, which are the most common type of breast cancer. The study found that inhibiting cyclin D1 function may provide a new treatment strategy for these tumors.
Researchers reveal a climate-driven phenomenon that reverses overexploitation of deep-sea resources, enhancing recruitment and total landings of the shrimp Aristeus antennatus. This finding has significant socio-economic impact and highlights the importance of considering global cascading effects on biological processes.
The Gishwati Forest Reserve in Rwanda will become the country's first national conservation park, focusing on restoration of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and promoting local economic development through ecotourism. The project aims to create a model for Africa's ambitious forest restoration efforts.
A recent study by Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh found that adolescents and young adults with cancer are less likely to be enrolled in clinical trials for cutting-edge treatments. This can lead to lower survival rates compared to younger children, who have seen significant improvements in cure rates over the past 30 years.
A study found that two microRNAs, miR-191 and miR-199a, are associated with patient survival in high-risk acute-leukemia patients. These molecules may serve as targets for future therapies, offering hope for patients with limited treatment options.
Scientists at Washington University in St. Louis have created a more efficient method for producing butanol from lignocellulosic biomass, offering a promising solution to the world's energy needs. The new technique uses a mixed culture of microbes to convert plant biomass into butyrate, which is then converted into butanol.
A University of British Columbia study found that popular osteoporosis drugs like Actonel, Didrocal, and Fosamax nearly triple the risk of developing bone necrosis. Researchers also discovered that this condition primarily affects shoulders, knees, and hips.
A recent study by the University of Sheffield reveals that Greenland's ice sheet has experienced its most extreme melting in 50 years, primarily triggered by regional climate changes. The research highlights a striking correlation between Greenland's ice melt and global temperature variations.
The University of Arizona is a dominant force in Arizona's astronomy and planetary research endeavors. A new study reveals that these industries have a significant impact on the state's economy, generating more than $252 million and creating over 3,300 jobs in the 2006 fiscal year.
A new Mayo Clinic study identified several gene variations that predict people at high risk for ALS and Parkinson's disease. The researchers found a high-risk prediction factor for ALS (2,000 times greater than average) and for Parkinson's disease (nearly 400 times greater than average).
The department has received grants totaling over $1.6 million in the past 11 years, with a focus on identifying causes and treatments for blinding diseases such as corneal cataracts and macular degeneration. The grant will support research into diabetic retinopathy, ocular inflammation, and genetic eye diseases.
Researchers found that children from food-insecure households are two-thirds more likely to experience developmental risks compared to those from food-secure households. The study suggests providing nutritional interventions to young children and their families can decrease the need for later interventions.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a new pathway involving BRCA1 in repairing damaged DNA, which may explain the increased breast cancer risk in women with mutated BRCA1 genes. This discovery could lead to more effective therapies for women with and without BRCA1 mutations.
A recent study by Gerald Haeffel and colleagues found that genetic and environmental factors interact to increase the risk of depression in adolescents. The researchers discovered that boys with rejecting mothers and a specific form of the dopamine transporter gene were at higher risk for major depression and suicidal ideation.
A study by McGill University researchers found that certain immunoregulatory T-cells lose potency with age, leading to the onset of autoimmune diabetes. This discovery provides insight into the mechanism of type 1 diabetes and may lead to new immune system-based therapies.
A University of Colorado at Boulder study finds that meltwater clogging and speeding of Kennicott Glacier may help explain the acceleration of glaciers in Greenland. The excess water causes water pressure to increase, causing the glacier to slide more rapidly down its bedrock valley.
Researchers found Celecoxib reduces heart rate and increases irregularities, but not through COX-2 inhibition. Drosophila model reveals a direct effect on potassium channels generating heartbeat.
A team of chemists led by Chad Mirkin aims to mimic nature's finely controlled chemical processes to develop materials and devices with high sensitivity and selectivity. The researchers will focus on creating supramolecular structures for environmental remediation, power generation, and detection systems.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife's Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center developed a special carrot to increase calcium absorption in humans. The study found a two-fold increase in calcium intake, which can help prevent diseases like osteoporosis.
A new review of trials suggests fish oil supplements can help some cardiac patients by blocking cardiac ion channels and reducing fibrosis, while having a negative impact on others. However, high doses can increase the risk of bleeding.
Researchers developed a temperature-independent pH buffer to maintain sample stability during freezing and thawing. The new buffer showed minimal pH changes, even after repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Women with higher dietary intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin E have a lower risk of developing cataracts. These antioxidants may protect against cataract formation by filtering harmful blue light and damaging lens proteins.
Patients admitted with undernourishment at hospital onset have poorer clinical outcomes and more post-stroke complications. Nutritional support during acute ischemic stroke is crucial to improve functional outcomes.
A study of 609 men aged 72.6 found that those with low blood testosterone levels had a significantly higher risk of fractures, particularly hip and non-vertebral fractures. The study suggests that measuring serum testosterone may provide additional clinical information for assessing fracture risk in elderly men.
Scientists found that a green glow in fruit flies indicates the activation of cancer-prevention signals similar to those in broccoli and cabbage. The discovery uses Drosophila as a model organism to develop novel approaches for studying the NRF2 pathway, which triggers anti-oxidant activity to fight off toxic assaults.
The Arecibo Observatory has discovered methanimine and hydrogen cyanide, two key ingredients for life, in a distant galaxy. These molecules were found by searching for radio emission at specific frequencies, using the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope.
Vanderbilt University researchers found that aggression triggers a rewarding response in the brain, involving dopamine, which motivates individuals to engage in aggressive behavior. This study offers insights into our propensity for violence and fascination with violent sports.
A new strain of MRSA bacteria has been discovered in sexually active gay men, showing a high rate of transmission through intimate contact and skin-to-skin contact. The study found that these men are 13 times more likely to be infected than the general population, highlighting the need for increased awareness and prevention measures.
The University of Utah will receive advanced software for energy research and development with the $21.2 million grant. This technology will aid in finding oil and gas resources more efficiently and help students learn cutting-edge skills.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identify a new neural stem cell type, the rosette neuron stem cell (R-NSC), capable of differentiating into region-specific neuronal cell types. The R-NSC has expanded differentiation potential compared to previously identified neural stem cells.
A study of 2,471 patients with venous thrombosis found a three-fold greater relative risk associated with minor leg injuries that don't require surgery or extended bed rest. These injuries may increase blood clotting risk due to reduced activity and damage to blood vessel walls.
Researchers found that individual sea otters specialize in particular prey types when food is limited, while populations with abundant resources share similar diets. This specialization can help understand disease mortality and inform wildlife management.
A study found that genes involved in neurovascular function, regulated by hypoxia, and interacted with serious obstetric complications to boost schizophrenia risk. The study used a family-based design and identified four significant gene-environment interactions.
Researchers at UBC have discovered genetic secrets that enable trees to fight off pests and disease, allowing for the development of breeding programs to repel insects like mountain pine beetles. The study's findings have important implications for the long-term health and sustainability of forests.
Experts warn that psychotherapies like CBT can have serious adverse effects, including worsening of conditions, psychological dependency, and exploitation. They call for rigorous regulation and monitoring to ensure patient safety and effectiveness.