Researchers at the University of Utah have identified two early steps in adult stem cell differentiation using DNA 'tattoos' on planarian cells. The study found 259 genes associated with stem cells and their daughters, shedding light on how multipotent stem cells take differentiation decisions.
A UC Davis researcher is studying more than 1,500 audio cassette tapes of Osama bin Laden to understand his intellectual development in the years leading up to the 9/11 attacks. The tapes provide unprecedented insight into debates among bin Laden's allies and critics, as well as his evolution from a Muslim reformer to a radical leader.
Research suggests that brain immaturity, specifically in the dentate gyrus region, may contribute to schizophrenia. This underdeveloped area affects working memory and mood regulation., The findings imply a potential biomarker for diagnosing and treating schizophrenia.
Researchers have developed new therapies targeting out-of-control growth circuits in cancer cells, leading to improved survival rates. Advances in understanding head and neck cancer have also allowed doctors to better preserve organ function and increase early detection strategies.
Researchers used lab-based experimental ecosystems to model relationship between nutrients and biodiversity, finding that precise relationship depends on species present. The study's results show that low levels of nutrients can lead to high levels of biodiversity.
Researchers have identified a critical protein called connexin 43 that is essential for the growth of new blood vessels supporting the development of embryos. Without this protein, embryo implantation may fail, with important implications for early pregnancy loss and female infertility.
Researchers propose that Eta Carinae's historic 1843 outburst was a fast blast wave similar to a supernova, but less energetic. This discovery challenges current theories and may indicate supermassive stars undergo periodic explosions before their final supernova.
A new study published in Health Affairs found that private equity investments in nursing homes have not significantly worsened quality of care. In fact, some aspects of care improved after the transactions, including aide staffing and resident outcomes.
A new analysis suggests that old growth forests, often considered irrelevant to climate change mitigation, may account for up to 10% of global net carbon uptake. These forests continue to absorb carbon dioxide and store it in woody tissues, storing more than they release for centuries.
The NIH will award $4.6 million to expand its network of global health education programs at 12 new campuses in the US, China, and Mexico. These programs aim to raise awareness of global health among academics and support the development of new curricula and degree programs.
Researchers found that oral bacteria can cause platelets to clot in blood vessels, blocking blood flow and leading to heart attacks. Studies demonstrated that certain proteins on the bacteria play a crucial role in this process, highlighting the need for new treatments and vaccines.
A new blood analysis technique identified markers that could improve treatment and save lives for patients having a heart attack. By analyzing hundreds of molecular markers, doctors can confirm the presence of a heart attack within minutes, allowing for rapid treatment.
Engineers at Lehigh University have developed a laser-based technology to detect coal ash buildup in power plants, allowing operators to make rapid adjustments. This innovation uses artificial intelligence to predict ash fusion temperatures and prevent costly downtime.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that mothers' stress levels contribute to their children's likelihood of being overweight, even in food-secure households. The study analyzed data from over 800 children and found that young children were most affected by household stress.
Researchers found that Listeria monocytogenes can survive on meat factory surfaces more effectively when competing with Pseudomonas fluorescens, a common food spoilage bacteria. The presence of duck juices at optimal temperatures allows for higher attachment levels of Listeria.
A Singaporean research team reports that the RUNX3 gatekeeper gene is inactivated at an early stage of colon cancer. The study suggests that reactivating this gene could lead to a diagnostic test and therapeutic target. This finding builds upon previous knowledge of tumor suppressor genes disrupting APC, leading to cancer development.
Scientists use frequency comb to determine starlight color with high accuracy, allowing them to measure velocity changes of astronomical bodies with precision. This method could help search for Earth-like planets and test universe expansion acceleration.
A narrow genetic region on chromosome 15 has been found to significantly increase the risk of familial lung cancer by 5.7- to 7.2-fold, regardless of smoking status. The study identified specific genetic variants associated with the increased risk and suggests they may be targeted for cancer therapies.
A landmark study reports a breakdown in the biotech patent system, citing a fixation on patents and privately-controlled research as a major obstacle to innovation. The authors argue that a more collaborative approach is needed to ensure that new ideas reach those who need them.
Researchers at Rice University are developing adaptive, 'smart' shock absorbers for buildings and bridges in earthquake-prone areas. These intelligent systems can sense the type of shockwave arriving and react with the best strategy to minimize damage.
A recent study found that teens who did not use condoms were more likely to believe that condoms reduce sexual pleasure and were concerned about their partner's approval. The study recommends clinical interventions to address these attitudes and promote condom use.
Sticky glue secreted by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria may hold the key to creating an effective vaccine against MRSA. Researchers have found that manipulating this natural compound can stimulate the right immune response, offering a potential solution to the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant infections.
A 70-year-old man with Down syndrome has aged successfully despite having the condition, challenging previous assumptions about Alzheimer's disease and increasing hopes for longer, healthier lives. Comprehensive analyses reveal potential explanations for 'Mr. C''s' remarkable case, including gene expression and an atypical genotype.
Tiny amounts of food soil can act as a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria in food processing factories. The study suggests that using more precise methods to detect food residue and micro-organisms on surfaces can lead to improved hygiene practices, including the use of targeted cleaning products.
Scientists have discovered that tiny particles of titanium dioxide can kill bacteria and destroy dirt when exposed to UV light. The new paint formulations show improved antibacterial efficiency, with some reducing bacterial survival by up to 80%.
A study of Danish mothers found that higher fish consumption during pregnancy and longer breastfeeding were associated with better physical and cognitive development in infants. Children whose mothers ate the most fish had better motor and cognitive skills, while those who breastfed for longer durations also showed improved development.
The report highlights the importance of real-time information on fire location, size, and movement for effective communication during evacuations. Fire managers can consider providing detailed information about fire regulations to improve visitor perceptions of recreation activities.
Researchers Elise Lev and Lucille Sanzero Eller investigate the impact of mentoring experiences on students' career choices in biomedical and behavioral research. They aim to develop effective strategies to encourage students to become successful researchers and address the underrepresentation of minority scientists.
A study adjusting for a known bias in familial melanoma risk estimates reveals an increased relative risk of 3.18, with higher risks for young-onset cases. In contrast, the risks for colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer remain relatively stable.
A new light-activated antimicrobial treatment has shown promise in killing a wide range of bacteria, including drug-resistant MRSA, in infected wounds and burns. The treatment uses indocyanine green dye activated by near-infrared light to produce toxic molecules that rapidly kill the bacteria.
A team of international researchers formed the International Alliance for NanoEHS Harmonization (IANH) to establish reproducible toxicological testing protocols for nanomaterials. The alliance aims to address key gaps in scientific knowledge and accelerate understanding of nanotechnology's social implications.
The Chicago Center for Systems Biology will focus on transcriptional networks, studying how multiple genes work together to regulate life's basic processes. Researchers will use complex biological models to understand gene regulation in response to environmental and genetic variation.
The partnership aims to build excellent career pathways for scientists working in basic biomedical, clinical and veterinary research in India. The programme will award fellowships to support researchers from newly-qualified postdocs through to senior researchers.
Scientists have identified a crucial molecular pathway linking cortisol to fatty liver accumulation, offering new insights into the development of metabolic diseases. The study reveals that blocking cortisol receptors in the liver activates HES1 protein, which counteracts fat accumulation.
A study at the University of Michigan found that high-dose calcium supplements can significantly lower lead levels in pregnant women. The researchers analyzed data from 557 women and discovered that those taking calcium supplements had an average reduction of 11% in blood lead levels, with some groups experiencing even greater reductions.
A study of 20,112 medical graduates found that white students in diverse schools are more likely to feel prepared to care for minority populations. The researchers suggest that fostering positive interaction among different backgrounds is key to deriving diversity benefits.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have identified a protein, NuIP, that regulates the Nurr1 gene critical to dopamine-releasing brain cells. Loss of NuIP function is linked to decreased numbers of dopamine-producing neurons and a decrease in expression of the dopamine transporter.
Research from George Mason University's New Science Teachers' Support Network identifies in-classroom support and quality courses as key strategies for supporting new science teachers. The study found that students taught by supported teachers performed significantly better on standardized tests and had better science grades.
Scientists have discovered that aerosols can increase rainfall by providing condensation nuclei for cloud droplets. Moderate quantities of aerosols lead to more rain as they control the distribution of energy in the atmosphere and influence the formation of clouds.
A study found that increased on-call workload in medical interns is linked to less sleep, longer shifts, and lower participation in educational activities. The researchers analyzed 1,100 call nights and discovered a significant association between admission workload and shift duration.
Researchers found water bears can withstand extreme dehydration and cosmic radiation in space, but are harmed by ultraviolet radiation. Ingemar Jönsson's team discovered that water bears can repair DNA damage after exposure to space conditions.
Recent M.D.-Ph.D. graduates are more likely to pursue research careers due to factors such as substantial career involvement in research and lower educational debt. Variables associated with a lower likelihood of pursuing an M.D.-Ph.D. program include female sex, race/ethnicity underrepresented in medicine, and planned training in emer...
A survey of 200 community-based schizophrenic patients found that 74.5% were treated with off-label medication, with the most common combination being an antipsychotic and mood stabilizer. The study highlights the limitations of first- and second-generation antipsychotics and the need for improved treatment outcomes.
The number of residents training in graduate medical education programs increased by 8% between 1997 and 2007. International medical graduates accounted for the majority of growth, while subspecialization rates led to a decline in generalist physicians entering the field.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that only 38 percent of U.S. hospitals were compliant with the guideline to examine 12 or more lymph nodes in colon cancer patients by 2004-2005, despite being recommended since 1997. Compliance increased from 15% to 38% over the eight-year period.
A pilot program identified and treated college students with severe depression, saving lives through a suicide prevention outreach initiative. The study found that online dialogue features and secure websites reduced stigma and increased treatment rates among high-risk students.
Researchers developed a novel method using human embryonic stem cell secretions to reduce tissue injury after a heart attack. The approach significantly improved heart function and reduced tissue death by 60%, offering a promising therapeutic option for heart attack patients.
Researchers develop simple method to make shellfish safe by introducing copper ions into fish tanks, killing 99.99% of Vibrio bacteria within 40 hours.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute professor Richard W. Siegel is bringing his nanotechnology expertise to the big screen with "Molecules to the MAX", a 40-minute film about molecular landscapes. The movie aims to boost global science literacy and has been praised by audiences, including Siegel's grandchildren.
The University of Chicago Medical Center study found that the complexity of care and on-call duties can detract from residents' medical education, regardless of hours worked. Residents experience sleep loss, longer shifts, and reduced educational time when assigned to more patients.
Advances in treatment have led to increased long-term survival for US children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Period analysis reveals improved survival rates between 1990 and 2004, with projections suggesting continued progress through molecularly targeted therapies.
A University of Haifa research team has identified a protein, PSD-95, crucial for stabilizing long-term memories. The study found that inducing PSD-95 production during memory creation is necessary for memory retention, while its absence does not affect existing memories.
Researchers discovered that giant honeybees' shimmering behavior acts as an anti-predatory defense, forcing hornets to hunt free-flying bees rather than nesting bees. This unique trait is linked to the hornet's flight speed and proximity to the nest.
Scientists discover diverse microbes that can consume hydrocarbons without oxygen, reflecting early appearance of these compounds as nutrients. Understanding their role may help access natural climate change control.
Penn researchers discovered that Fbx4, a naturally occurring enzyme, plays a key role in stopping the production of Cyclin D1, a protein contributing to cancer development. By understanding this mechanism, scientists can develop new therapies to reverse the process.
A new study published in JAMA suggests that salary disparities play a major role in the primary care physician shortage in the US. The study found that family medicine had the lowest average salary and lowest percentage of filled residency positions among US graduates.
Regular breast cancer screening programs in developed countries show promise for reducing mortality in India. A new study estimates that annual or biennial clinical breast exams can lower mortality rates by 8.2% and gain life years at a cost-effectiveness of $1,135 per life-year gained.
A study found that participants with greater activation in the anterior prefrontal cortex, a key brain structure for short-term memory, scored higher on intelligence tests and exhibited better self-control. This neural link suggests that improving brain function in this area may lead to increased self-control.
JANUVIA showed longer-term efficacy and safety profile in combination therapy with metformin, improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the study demonstrated that JANUVIA provided glycemic control regardless of baseline characteristics.
International researchers establish protocols for reproducible toxicological testing of nanomaterials in cells and animals. The International Alliance for NanoEHS Harmonization aims to improve correlations between in vitro and animal testing.