A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that HIV-infected patients have a higher prevalence of fractures compared to non-HIV infected patients. The study analyzed data from over 8,500 HIV-infected patients and more than 2 million non-HIV infected patients, revealing a significant increase in fr...
Researchers have discovered that studying crystal formation in volcanoes can reveal the timing between magma movement and eruptions. This technique allows scientists to better understand individual volcano behavior, helping inform civil defense decisions.
A new drug development project aims to create a modified beta-blocker that targets the heart without affecting lungs, benefiting hundreds of thousands of heart patients with respiratory conditions. The treatment has the potential to become the general medicine of choice for all heart patients due to its reduced side effects.
A study found that recovery from brain injury increases amyloid beta levels in patients, with better neurological status correlating to higher levels. The findings suggest a new understanding of the connection between brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.
A study from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found associations between smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity with lower Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) awareness. This may lead to reduced prostate cancer screening rates among affected individuals.
Researchers found that chronic stress alters the genetic immune response by changing the pattern of gene expression in monocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in the body's immune response. This altered response can lead to increased inflammation and contribute to the risk for illnesses like depression, heart disease, and diabetes.
Scientists discovered a 75-million-year-old pregnant turtle fossil with a nest of 26 eggs in the badlands of Alberta, Canada, shedding light on ancient reptile reproduction. The fossilized eggs are found to have extremely thick and hard shells that may have evolved to protect them from desiccation or predators.
A recent study found that cocaine-induced brain plasticity may actually defend the brain during excessive drug use, potentially limiting maladaptive behavioral responses. The research identifies MEF2 as a key regulator of structural synapse plasticity and suggests that increasing spine density in the NAc may be a compensatory mechanism.
A recent study published in the journal Diabetes found that fat tissue in obese patients has impaired cellular function, leading to increased risk of insulin resistance and related conditions. The researchers discovered significant differences in the cellular structure and function of fat cells between lean and obese individuals.
EMBO recognizes Juergen Tautz for his outstanding public communication activity on honeybees, exploring their life and evolution, and promoting research through various media and educational initiatives.
Researchers analyzed light from small galaxies to determine their masses, finding all dwarf galaxies had the same mass - 10 million times the mass of the sun. This discovery reveals a fundamental property of dark matter, a key component of the universe.
Researchers identified genes that show statistical association with specific anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder and social phobias. The study found that environmental factors can trigger an anxiety disorder more easily in people with a genetic predisposition.
Researchers found that excessive drug use causes increased brain connections as a defense mechanism against addiction. Boosting MEF2 protein activity may help combat addiction, according to the study.
A multicenter study found that intravenous magnesium sulfate supplementation before preterm delivery cuts the risk for cerebral palsy in half. The study enrolled 2,241 women and found a significantly lower rate of all forms of cerebral palsy among those receiving magnesium sulfate.
A University of North Carolina study finds that strong social support, internal belief systems, and concrete strategies for dealing with temptations are crucial for women to remain smoke-free postpartum. In contrast, easy access to cigarettes, reliance on cigarettes to cope with stress, and low self-esteem can lead to relapse.
A recent study found that over 10 million Americans use opioids, with 4 million using them regularly, reflecting a need to strike a balance between opioid misuse and chronic pain control. Opioid regular use increased with age, decreased with education level, and was more common in females and non-Hispanic whites.
Male Anolis lizards engage in push-ups, head bobs, and dewlap extensions to defend their territory at dawn and dusk. This behavior is unique among animals, marking the first recorded use of non-acoustic signaling at these times.
The study found that placental insufficiency leads to smaller brain volume in preterm infants, and degree of prematurity is the single most significant risk factor for brain injury. The research also suggests a link between genetic regulation of an inflammatory transmitter and brain growth.
High-temperature superconductors face a quantum 'traffic jam' that overwhelms the interactions needed for them to act as superconductors. The research offers an explanation, pointing towards new materials with stronger electron pairing but less 'traffic-jam' effect.
Researchers will study four groups of bacteria at a sulfur spring in southwestern Oklahoma to understand their metabolic capabilities and ecological role. The grant also funds an educational outreach component to engage high school students in the project.
Researchers at McGill University found that discontinuing statin medication after a heart attack increases mortality risk by 88%. Patients who continued taking statins had a 16% lower risk of dying within the year, highlighting the importance of adhering to prescribed treatment.
A study published in the Journal of Social Issues finds that certain disadvantages experienced in adolescence can lead to lower voter turnout in young adulthood. For example, early pregnancy or being arrested can result in a decline of over 30% in turnout among Whites and Blacks, respectively.
Researchers report that endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is highly accurate in diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms, with a 99.1% accuracy rate. EUS-FNA also shows excellent results, with 88.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity, making it an ideal next step for patients with ambiguous imaging findings.
A new study suggests that blocking the corticotrophin releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor and the vasopressin-1B (V1B) receptor may retain their efficacy in treating depression, even when neurogenesis is disrupted. The researchers found that restoration of the stress axis may be key to how these new antidepressant approaches work.
Scientists at the University of York have discovered a new role for Natural Killer cells, which can make diseases worse in certain cases. The research suggests that these cells produce chemicals that inhibit immune responses, leading to potential breakthroughs in treating chronic infections and cancer.
Dr. Evans, a pioneering figure in pediatric oncology, has been recognized by ASTRO for her groundbreaking work on neuroblastoma staging and patient care. She has also co-founded the Ronald McDonald House and received numerous awards for her dedication to cancer research.
A National Institutes of Health study found that people with WAGR syndrome, a rare genetic condition, have low blood levels of the brain chemical BDNF and are more likely to become obese. The study suggests that BDNF plays a role in regulating appetite and body weight.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that young men with type-2 diabetes have significantly lower levels of testosterone, which can impact fertility, muscle development, and increase the risk of heart disease. The study also highlights the potential clinical implications of low testosterone in these individuals.
Researchers identify key areas of focus, including broadly neutralizing antibodies and innate immune responses, to develop an effective HIV vaccine. The authors express cautious optimism about the potential development of a vaccine, citing the need for significant scientific understanding of HIV disease.
A new study reveals that parents are concerned, involved, and reflective participants in their children's identity development. They invest time and effort thinking about their children's future identities and take a complex view, respecting their agency while considering broader social and cultural perspectives.
A study published in Psychological Science found that socially painful experiences can be revisited through memory recall, causing increased emotional pain. In contrast, physically painful events tend to fade with time. The study's findings suggest an evolutionary aspect of human brain development, particularly in the cerebral cortex, ...
A new study found that an experimental therapy for age-related macular degeneration may have adverse effects on patients with a certain genetic mutation. The therapy uses RNA interference to silence disease-causing genes, but this approach may not be suitable for everyone due to individual genetic differences.
A study has identified the first gene associated with severe dry macular degeneration, a condition that can lead to blindness. The researchers found that individuals with a specific genetic variant may be at risk if treated with an experimental therapy called RNA interference.
Researchers found that freeze-dried black raspberry powder restored activity to 460 genes in animals with esophageal cancer, many associated with cell proliferation and death. The study identified 53 genes important for early cancer development, which may be targeted by chemoprevention agents.
Iowa State University researcher Robert Jernigan's study reveals proteins have controlled motions, contradicting traditional biochemist views. The research, published in journal Structure, shows that protein motions are restricted and part of the function of the proteins.
A new study found that campus racial and ethnic diversity is a key predictor of interracial friendships. The study controlled for prior experiences and attitudes, showing that exposure to greater diversity leads to more cross-group friendships across all students.
The University of Cincinnati's Economics Center for Education & Research has released a report grading the HDR Streetcar Feasibility Study, finding that it is sound and economically worthwhile. The proposed four-mile streetcar system could bring in $315.8 million in net economic payoff over 35 years.
A study published in Neurology found that mental skills start declining years before death, with perceptual speed slowing down nearly 15 years before passing, and verbal abilities deteriorating around 6.5 years prior to death.
Researchers discovered diazepam causes a similar change in the brain's reward-inducing dopamine cells as addictive substances. The study found neural message transmission is reinforced for up to 72 hours after ingestion of diazepam.
A new wiki links every word to its corresponding author, allowing readers to know sources and authors receive due credit. This resolves the uncertainty of authorship in first-generation wikis, enhancing collaborative publishing with reputation systems.
Researchers found that mothers who received magnesium sulfate during preterm labor had a lower risk of cerebral palsy in their infants. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggests that magnesium sulfate may protect against cerebral palsy by stabilizing blood vessels and reducing inflammation.
A team of scientists found that current protection zones are ineffective in preventing coral reef collapse due to climate change. New areas need to be established to focus on escaping or recovering regions, while managing the entire system is crucial for long-term survival.
Research suggests that changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are the primary cause of Greenland's ice formation, contrary to competing theories. The study uses computer climate and ice-sheet models to show that a decline in CO2 levels led to the long-term growth of the Greenland ice sheet.
Researchers at the Academy of Finland's Centre of Excellence in Learning and Motivation Research have found that pre-school age exercises can significantly reduce reading and writing difficulties in children. The study suggests that training should focus on phonetics, mathematics, and information technology to aid learning.
Researchers found that a specific PMS2 protein variant can render cancer cells resistant to cisplatin, a common chemotherapy drug. The study suggests personalized therapies may be developed for patients carrying this variant.
A study by Meharry Medical College found that teen passengers are less likely to buckle up, with only 42% always wearing a seatbelt. The researchers recommend upgrading state laws to require all teens to wear seatbelts, and developing community-based interventions to address the issue.
Researchers have discovered a genetic mutation that offers protection against age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in adults over 50. The study identifies a functional link between toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and geographic atrophy, a type of dry AMD.
A large international study of over 27,000 men found that being seen as honorable and respected is more important to their idea of masculinity than physical attractiveness or sexual performance. Men value good health, family life, and relationships with their partner, regardless of age or nationality.
A UCLA study found that fat expansion in the eye socket is the primary cause of baggy lower eyelids with age, contrary to long-held theories. The researchers suggest incorporating fat excision into treatments for patients seeking to address this common complaint.
Axel Meyer, a prominent German evolutionary biologist, has won the 2008 EMBO Award for his efforts to communicate complex scientific topics to the general public. He is recognized for his concise and opinion-strong articles on current issues like brain drain and science funding.
A global survey found that people in high-income countries underestimate the risk of alcohol consumption, while those in low- and middle-income countries have more pessimistic beliefs about cancer treatment. The survey also reveals a preference for doctors to make treatment decisions in lower-income countries.
A new test for perfect pitch reveals that many non-musicians have the ability to recognize pitches without musical training. The study found a surprising number of people who unconsciously identified notes even when transposed, indicating true perfect pitch.
The International Diabetes Federation is funding a two-year study to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving self-management education for adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The Baylor Healthcare System project aims to increase program completion rates and long-term diabetes control.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has revealed the entire gamma-ray sky, discovering pulsars in our galaxy and powerful processes near supermassive black holes. The telescope's first all-sky image shows glowing gas, blinking pulsars, and a flaring galaxy billions of light-years away.
A large prospective study found that consuming nuts, corn, or popcorn does not increase the risk of diverticulosis or diverticular complications in men. Conversely, higher intake was associated with lower risks of new diverticulitis cases.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati are studying variations of rare lung disease Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) to better understand its manifestations and develop more effective treatments. The study will compare patients with and without pulmonary hypertension to identify key differences in symptoms.
The University of Utah is joining the third Sloan Digital Sky Survey to map distant galaxies, understand galaxy evolution, and discover planets with suitable environments for life. The survey will also help scientists test theories about dark energy and explore the mysteries of the universe.
A study found that individuals with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer are at two-fold increased risk of developing subsequent cancers, including basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. The association was strongest in younger participants, suggesting a possible inherited predisposition to cancer.
A study using identical twins found that taking 1000mg of olive leaf extract EFLA®943 lowers cholesterol and blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. The treatment has substantial effects on borderline hypertensive individuals, confirming its antihypertensive properties.
Small-scale fisheries, which employ over 12 million people worldwide, are being disproportionately harmed by eco-labelling initiatives and fuel subsidies. As a result, many small-scale fishers are unable to compete in the market and struggle to survive due to unfair advantages given to large-scale industrial fleets.