Dr. Edward Duckworth is using less-invasive techniques to remove tumors, repair life-threatening aneurysms, and reduce seizures in epilepsy patients. The procedure involves reaching the brain through smaller openings, resulting in decreased pain and shorter hospital stays.
A new study found that exposing fetal mice to high saturated fats can cause them and their offspring to develop type 2 diabetes. This unusual form of inheritance, known as metabolic programming, has implications for human health, particularly for children born to malnourished mothers.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center identified a protein called BMP-7 that induces the formation and function of brown fat cells. This discovery may lead to new treatments or prevention strategies for obesity and its associated diseases.
A new medical imaging technology could provide a long-awaited test for early diagnosis of osteoarthritis, allowing doctors to prevent or reduce permanent damage. The method uses modified MRI to determine the concentration of glycosaminoglycan, a biomarker for OA and cartilage disorders.
The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) has received a $15 million investment from the Canada Foundation for Innovation to propel its research on mental illness and addiction forward. The funding will support six research themes, including optimizing treatment across mental illness and substance use disorders.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a new monolithic comb drive device that can precisely move or sense movement at an atomic scale. The device has twice the dexterity of similar devices and could improve probe-based sensors for detecting viruses and biological molecules.
Researchers at Ohio State University have created a catalyst that converts ethanol into hydrogen with a 90% yield, using inexpensive ingredients. The new catalyst is less expensive than others being developed worldwide, making it more practical for widespread use in hydrogen-powered cars.
Researchers discovered compounds that interact with tau protein in three specific ways, which could lead to early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These compounds may bind to tau filaments, inhibit filament formation, or drive tau protein to form filaments.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that vigabatrin induced satiety in obese animals, leading to significant weight loss and reduced food consumption. The study suggests that vigabatrin could potentially treat severe obesity, including binge eating patterns similar to those seen in cocaine dependency.
A study found that alcohol dependence in women is associated with delayed reproduction, including menstrual disorders and unplanned pregnancies. Women who drink may want to consider the long-term consequences of drinking on later childbearing.
A new study analyzing Oetzi's hair samples reveals his clothes were made from sheep and cattle fur, supporting the idea that he was a herdsman. The technique used could be faster and more reliable for checking animal hair products and aiding manufacturers in adhering to EU laws.
A study published in BMC Psychiatry found that pregnant women experiencing severe stress during the second month of pregnancy are more likely to have children who develop schizophrenia. Women born in Jerusalem during the Arab-Israeli war had a higher risk of schizophrenia, particularly females.
Researchers at UNC are developing a unique way to deliver a nucleic acid derived from bacteria to tumors, allowing the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancerous cells. The goal is to create a reliable delivery method for immunotherapy, which has shown promise but faces challenges in consistency.
Researchers found that sales rates to pseudo-underage buyers were 18% and to pseudo-intoxicated buyers were 74%. The study suggests sports stadiums serve alcohol to minors and intoxicated fans, highlighting the need for responsible service and law enforcement monitoring. Sales were more likely in stadium stands than concession booths.
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center have successfully manipulated flavor enzymes in plants, opening up possibilities for fine-tuning fruit flavors. The breakthrough could also lead to novel pest control methods using green leaf volatiles and jasmonates.
Researchers have identified Smurf1 as a signaling partner that damages bone in rheumatoid arthritis, guiding the development of new drugs to reverse bone loss. The study also suggests potential applications against osteoporosis by targeting Smurf1 with specific drugs.
A study on Trichoplax genome findings aids researchers in learning how groups of genes function in humans and other species. The genetic code of this simple saltwater creature reveals common genes among many species, helping scientists figure out their lineage and divergence.
A possible link has been discovered between childhood middle ear infections and a tendency to be overweight later in life. Research suggests that prompt diagnosis and treatment of ear infections may help fight obesity in some people.
A group of experts has developed a roadmap for improving our understanding of how mercury moves through the marine ecosystem and into the fish we eat. The report prioritizes integrated monitoring across habitats, considering links between marine sources, biotransfer processes, and bioaccumulation mechanisms.
Numerical simulations of nutrient transport changes in Honghu Lake Basin revealed that human activities increased rapidly and became a dominant factor in changes of the nutrient transportation. The study found variations in nutrient production and concentration, with increasing rates of eutrophication over time.
Scientists at University of Michigan and U.S. Naval Research Laboratory demonstrate a solid-state qubit that can be both 0 and 1 at the same time, enabling faster quantum computing and improved computer security. The breakthrough enables the creation of a code that would be impossible to crack with conventional computers.
Research suggests that codeine may be unsuitable for all breastfed infants due to rapid metabolism into morphine, which can cause central nervous system depression. Fortunately, removal of exposure leads to dramatic improvement and no long-term adverse effects.
Scientists have discovered a diatom that can reduce the toxicity of red tide algae to both animals and other algae, potentially mitigating economic damage to the seafood and tourism industries. The research suggests that the diatom may degrade or neutralize the toxins produced by the red tide, offering new hope for reducing its impact.
Research found pregnant women experiencing high psychological stress are more likely to give birth to a child with schizophrenia. The study, which analyzed data from 88,829 people born in Jerusalem between 1964 and 1976, discovered a significantly higher incidence of schizophrenia among females.
Researchers at LSUHSC have identified a naturally occurring fatty acid, 2-AG, that functions as an endogenous COX-2 inhibitor, protecting brain cells from neurodegenerative diseases. The study provides new therapeutic approaches to prevent devastating disorders like stroke and Alzheimer's.
A new guideline developed by the American Academy of Neurology recommends surgery as a treatment option for people with extreme face pain due to trigeminal neuralgia. The guideline suggests that patients who don't respond well to drugs should consider surgical interventions to target the root of the trigeminal nerve.
Planting trees around poultry farms can reduce emissions of dust, ammonia, and odors by up to 56% and 53%. Trees also conserve energy, improve air quality, and filter pollutants from soil and groundwater.
The study suggests that universal vaccine coverage in young adolescent girls, initial catch-up efforts for women under 21, and revised screening policies can significantly reduce cervical cancer rates. Vaccination is predicted to be economically attractive if achieved in 12-year-old girls with long-lasting protection.
Researchers have identified a unique 'odor profile' for skin cancer using advanced chromatography techniques. The discovery could lead to a rapid, non-invasive diagnostic test that detects skin cancer before symptoms appear.
Researchers found that bone marrow stem cells protected gastrointestinal tissue from autoimmune attack in a mouse model, allowing the regeneration of the gastrointestinal lining. MSC therapy may become a useful treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center have discovered a unique scent associated with basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. By analyzing volatile organic compounds in the air above skin lesions, they found distinct profiles that could potentially be used to screen for and diagnose skin cancers at early stages.
The report finds that working-age Americans are struggling with medical bills, with nearly two-thirds having problems or debt. Many delay or avoid needed care due to cost concerns, with one-third spending 10% or more of their income on out-of-pocket expenses.
The Hubble Space Telescope has resolved individual threads of gas in the filaments of galaxy NGC 1275, revealing a magnetic structure that sustains them for over 100 million years. The discovery provides crucial clues about how giant black holes affect their surroundings.
Researchers developed PTC124 to bypass premature 'stop' signals in CFTR genes, allowing the protein-making machinery to function normally. The phase II trial showed improvements in chloride ion transport and lung respiratory function, offering a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered a molecular switch that can convert muscle precursor cells into brown fat cells, which burn calories and release energy. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for obesity by activating the calorie-burning process in the body.
Researchers at NIST have developed a method to evaluate the stability of protein-based drugs at room temperature using a fluorescent probe. This new method can measure the lifetime of hydrogen bonding networks that stabilize proteins, reducing the time and expense associated with traditional methods.
A University of Chicago study found that over 13% of elderly Americans experience mistreatment, with verbal and financial abuse being the most prevalent forms. The study also revealed wide variations in mistreatment depending on age and ethnicity.
Researchers aim to better understand neutrino oscillations, studying the third unknown mixing angle using antineutrinos from nuclear reactors. The Daya Bay experiment in China and SNO+ upgrade will map antineutrino oscillations between flavors.
A study of 788 US adults found that those with diabetes had higher levels of arsenic in their urine compared to those without diabetes. Inorganic arsenic from contaminated drinking water may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that multiple measurement techniques are needed to accurately measure calcium content in serpentine soils. A combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis is necessary to identify and quantify calcium.
A new study published in The Journal of Urology found that tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Daily dosing of the erectile dysfunction drug showed clinically meaningful improvements, making it a suitable option for treating BPH LUTS.
Researchers have identified how maize streak virus (MSV) became a serious pest in Africa's most important food crop, potentially saving millions of lives. By comparing MSV genomes to its less harmful relatives, scientists discovered that recombination led to the emergence of a more severe disease strain.
Grapefruit juice and other common fruit juices, such as orange and apple, can decrease the absorption of certain drugs, including those used for heart disease, cancer, and organ transplantation. This interaction may lead to a loss of beneficial effects and potentially toxic overdoses.
Researchers at UC San Diego have proposed a new topology for Ethernet data center connectivity, enabling scalable interconnection bandwidth and reducing costs. The approach requires no modifications to end-host network interface, operating system, or applications, and is fully backward compatible with Ethernet, IP, and TCP.
Research finds calculators can help students with a strong foundation in basic multiplication facts, while hindering those without. Students who used calculators to practice had fewer errors and more time for practice.
Researchers found that owl faeces and prey remains can serve as visual signals for intraspecific communication, including territorial and parent-offspring contexts. This novel behavior may aid owls in signaling their reproductive status to potential intruders.
Researchers found that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can block the lung's natural protective response to tobacco smoke, leading to increased oxidative stress and tissue damage. This co-factor may contribute to the development of COPD among smokers.
A University of Michigan study found that cadmium exposure is a critical ingredient in smoking-related emphysema, increasing the risk by up to double. Even low-level exposure through second-hand smoke or other means can also increase lung disease risk.
New research reveals that root systems can be observed using advanced imaging technologies like MRI, allowing for better understanding of water uptake patterns. Roots also play a significant role in soil carbon cycling and the global carbon balance.
Astrocytes undergo reorganization and may engulf attacking T cells, which could improve therapy for viral infections, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. This novel response mechanism offers new insights into brain cell defenses against immune cells.
Researchers have developed a more accurate way to identify aggressive bowel cancer forms, suggesting patients with the Lamin A marker should receive chemotherapy in addition to surgery for improved recovery and survival. The study aims to develop a robust prognostic tool for widespread use in bowel cancer treatment.
Researchers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks are presenting their findings on stroke and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at a conference in New York. The studies aim to understand the underlying causes of these conditions and explore potential new treatments for brain damage.
A large clinical trial found that B vitamin supplementation did not reduce death or cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. The study, which involved over 3,000 participants, also showed a numerically lower incidence of stroke but higher incidence of cancer in the groups receiving folic acid.
A study of 788 US adults found that those with higher arsenic levels in their urine were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. The researchers also discovered that the presence of certain organic arsenic compounds did not increase diabetes risk.
The majority of deaths during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic were not caused by the flu virus alone, but rather bacterial pneumonia that developed after the virus destroyed the cells lining the bronchial tubes. Comprehensive pandemic preparations should include provisions to stockpile antibiotics and bacterial vaccines.
A study examining testing models to predict and diagnose new cases of dementia found that within-person variability on neuropsychological tests is linked to the development of dementia. The research, published in JAMA, suggests that this variability may be an independent predictor of dementia development.
A study by Indiana University researchers suggests treating contaminated urban soils with water can prevent chronic lead poisoning in children. The study reveals that older cities like Indianapolis have a high lead burden resulting in a lead poisoning epidemic among their youngest citizens.
A new Case Western Reserve University study aims to understand how college students cope with managing psychiatric medications, a growing concern for mental health providers. The research will survey 120 undergraduates and conduct intensive interviews with 30 students to track their experiences over two years.
A UC Riverside researcher has developed a new method to culture human embryonic stem cells using no animal-derived materials, which could improve the safety and efficiency of stem cell therapies. The method uses a chemically synthesized ECM and results in stem cells with uncompromised pluripotency.
Researchers found that intra-individual variability in cognitive function improves dementia prediction beyond individual test scores. The Einstein Aging Study evaluated 897 individuals, identifying 61 cases of dementia, and showed that within-person variability across multiple tests predicts future dementia.