Researchers found hepcidin expression positively associated with stage of colorectal disease and also expressed in a subset of colorectal cancer tissues. This suggests that cancer cells sequester iron to feed their high metabolic activity, perpetuating the cancer phenotype.
Scientists found that rabbit fish are efficient herbivores capable of controlling weedy growth on coral reefs. The fish concentrate their efforts on the reef crest, but less effectively on slopes and flats, highlighting the need for a diverse 'guild' of species to maintain reef resilience.
A new CT imaging technique has significantly improved the outcome of living donor liver transplants by enhancing accurate visualization of vital bile duct anatomy. This innovation, adopted by radiologists at the University of Alberta Hospital, aims to reduce screening time and improve convenience for potential donors.
A gluten-free vegan diet has been shown to lower blood levels of oxidized LDL-cholesterol and increase anti-PC antibodies, providing atheroprotective effects. This study suggests that diet can impact the immune system and reduce disease incidence.
Researchers at NIST demonstrate assembly of a single layer of organic molecules on a silicon crystal substrate compatible with CMOS manufacturing technology. The team builds a working molecular electronic device and verifies its functionality, paving the way for hybrid CMOS-molecular devices.
A study found that individual song complexity is associated with the overall population's viability, particularly in smaller, fragmented populations. Birds from more productive populations sang more complex songs, indicating higher mating success and population health.
A new study found that family discussions about cancer history significantly impact knowledge and attitudes about genetic counseling and testing for moderate-risk women. Women who discussed their family's cancer history with relatives had greater knowledge and more positive attitudes towards testing.
The latest advances in genetics and genomics hold great potential for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of diseases. Recent research has shed light on the genetic causes of conditions such as vitiligo, autoinflammatory diseases, and multiple sclerosis.
Scientists at MIT have developed a mathematical approach to analyze protein patterns across species to identify natural selection in microbial evolution. By analyzing the 'selective signature' of genes, researchers can infer gene function and understand ecological shifts.
Researchers used a NYC high-rise as a fire laboratory to study wind-driven flame, smoke, and gas spread through corridors and stairways. Positive pressure ventilation fans and prototype devices helped control deadly heat and smoke from wind-driven fires.
A review of over 700 pediatric drug trials found that only 13 studies had independent safety monitoring committees. The trials reported various adverse events and reactions, highlighting the need for greater safety measures and awareness in clinical trials involving children.
Researchers have developed new mathematical models to infer ancestral origins from genomic data, significantly improving accuracy. Additionally, a novel technique for mapping disease genes using admixture linkage disequilibrium has been created, offering a powerful approach for identifying genetic determinants of common diseases.
Scientists created pairs of entangled photons using a twisted optical fiber, demonstrating the 'spooky action at a distance' predicted by quantum theory. Their results rule out nonlocal hidden variables theories and confirm quantum mechanics' predictions.
The American Physiological Society awarded $86,000 in travel fellowships to 52 underrepresented minority students and scientists to attend the Experimental Biology conference. The program aims to encourage more students from minority groups to become scientists and remain in the field.
A recent study published in PNAS found that Spanish brown bears have genetic material from bears in other parts of Europe, challenging the idea of their isolation. The research, led by Anders Götherstam and Cristina Valdiosera, analyzed DNA sequences from prehistoric material and discovered a unexpected pattern.
Researchers at IUPUI have created the first 3-D image of how bleomycin targets and binds to DNA. This breakthrough study may lead to improved chemotherapy drugs for various cancers.
Researchers at Zhejiang University developed a technology to create selectively terminable transgenic rice plants using RNAi cassette. This innovation allows for controlled cultivation and reduces the risk of transgene spreading, making it ideal for bioreactors and industrial applications.
Research found that variations in the FKBP5 gene, related to stress response, predict higher risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults who experienced childhood abuse. Genetic variations interact with levels of child abuse and other trauma exposure to predict PTSD symptoms.
The use of a rigid endoscope during removal of an impacted foreign body is an effective and safe treatment alternative for esophageal perforation. Non-operative management is not recommended in the presence of neck and mediastinum abscesses, necessitating surgical suture and drainage.
A new study published in JAMA found that a lack of regular physical activity can cause many diseases, with effects visible within two weeks. The researchers discovered that reducing daily physical activity led to higher glucose and fat levels in the blood, increasing the risk of chronic diseases.
A new technique called Scan and Solve uses 3-D data analysis to predict stress points in objects like Michelangelo's David and human bones. The approach could aid engineers in developing protections for heavily used components, such as ancient artifacts and implants.
A new study reveals that health professionals and the public lack preparation to integrate genetic testing into practice. The study suggests that education and training are needed to address this gap, with potential solutions including increasing the size of the genetics specialty workforce.
A study found that variations in the PON1 gene and its related enzyme activity increase cardiovascular disease risk, with higher PON1 activity linked to lower major adverse cardiac event rates. The researchers also discovered a dose-dependent association between PON1 gene polymorphisms and increased oxidative stress levels.
Researchers found prolonged P wave dispersion in Wilson's disease patients, associated with atrial conductance abnormalities. Age at diagnosis and serum copper levels correlated with PWD values.
Researchers found that melatonin administration reverses marked increases in bacterial translocation in postcolitis rats due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The study suggests a potential therapeutic role for melatonin in managing colitis.
Researchers found a signature to detect rain-on-snow events in satellite microwave imagery, which can prevent mass starvation of native people's livestock. The method could provide a realistic chance of getting food to herds affected by the devastating weather event.
Regular aerobic exercise significantly decreases oxidative stress levels and improves cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women. The study found that both HRT users and non-users benefited equally from the exercise program, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
A study published in PNAS found that the brain's ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) is activated when individuals infer the thoughts and feelings of people who are similar to themselves. However, this activation is not seen when considering dissimilar individuals. The research suggests that people rely on their own experiences to m...
A new study suggests that Schistosoma mekongi is more widely distributed in the Mekong River basin than previously believed, posing a potential threat to disease control efforts. The parasite's range may be broader than thought, with possible spread into Laos from Vietnam.
Researchers at University of Toronto have identified compounds that block the activity of a key protein (ExoS) in cystic fibrosis patients. These compounds may also serve as a model for future therapies against the HIV virus, according to a new study published in PLoS Genetics.
Research suggests that MUC1 mucin variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism influences H pylori binding to gastric cells. Adhesion levels are higher in clones with larger VNTR regions, contributing to the understanding of H pylori infection pathogenesis.
A €15 million European Commission-funded project, EDICT, brings together leading experts in membrane proteins to find novel treatments for diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The research aims to map the structure of proteins to identify compounds that could be developed as new treatments.
Reducing the nogo receptor in the brain results in stronger brain signaling in mice, effectively boosting signal strength between synapses. The findings suggest that enhancing synaptic plasticity can partially counter the effects of an injury like stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a method to silence a gene that turns nicotine into a carcinogen, resulting in a six-fold decrease in N-nitrosonornicotine and a 50% overall reduction in TSNAs. This breakthrough could lead to tobacco products with reduced amounts of cancer-causing agents.
A study published in Contraception reports that the Standard Days Method brings new women to family planning, with over half having never used a method before. The method's effectiveness and ease of use led to increased contraceptive use among participants.
A study found reduced gray matter density in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex of combat-exposed veterans with PTSD, but not their identical twins. The researchers suggest that stress exposure may cause this damage, leading to emotional consequences.
A study by sport psychologists at the University of Washington found that providing parent workshops alongside coach training decreases performance anxiety and stress in young athletes. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of this combined approach in improving the youth sports experience.
Researchers found evidence of canine influenza virus circulation in the greyhound population dating back to 1999. The discovery sheds light on a potential earlier introduction of the virus, which may have caused respiratory outbreaks at racing tracks.
Developing nations offer a ready supply of patients, large potential markets, and reduced competition for clinical trial sites. Companies conduct trials primarily in cities due to the presence of doctors, staff, and equipment similar to those found in Western conditions.
A study on Salmonella Enteritidis infection reveals its complex life cycle in the internal organs of mice, with high concentrations found in liver and spleen. The bacteria can persist for up to 12 days in the gallbladder, a previously unknown site of carriage.
A UC Irvine study finds that lithium chloride can slow the development of inclusion body myositis, a skeletal muscle disease affecting the elderly. The treatment reduced phospho-tau levels and motor function loss in mice, suggesting potential effectiveness for humans.
Researchers found unsuspected treatable tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients using full-body PET/CT scanning. The study suggests that periodic scans could catch more tumors at a curable stage, but further studies are needed to confirm the benefits and risks.
A recent study by Indiana University found that overweight but active men experienced a 24% improvement in vascular function after exercise, compared to a 32% decrease in inactive individuals. The research highlights the importance of daily physical activity in maintaining cardiovascular health, even if weight loss is not immediate.
A University of Utah study reveals that polar explorers saw an aerosol 'dry haze' in the late 1800s, likely generated by smelting and coal combustion. The haze was found to contain metallic particles, including vanadium and cobalt, consistent with heavy oil and coal combustion.
A study found that elevated uric acid levels can precede significant changes in urine albumin levels, suggesting a potential early sign of diabetic kidney disease. Higher uric acid levels are associated with lower kidney function in patients with type 1 diabetes.
A recent study discovered that variants of the LRP5 gene are linked to a significant increase in fracture risk by up to 20 percent and lower levels of bone mineral density, particularly in the spine and hip. The research, conducted on a large-scale evidence base, suggests that genetic factors play a major role in determining bone health.
Researchers at Arizona State University are developing a vaccine that targets both Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and Salmonella, two leading causes of poultry disease and food-borne illness. The project has the potential to provide benefits not only to the poultry industry but also to human health by preventing outbreaks of diseases ...
Researchers found that tumour relapse rates were similar between lower dose regimens (50Gy, 41.6Gy, 39Gy) and the standard schedule. Both photographic and patient self-assessments suggested lower late adverse effects after these lower dose regimens.
Researchers estimated that one in six women and one in ten men will develop Alzheimer's disease in their lifetime, with a higher lifetime risk for women due to greater lifespan expectancy. The study also found that more than one in three people will experience stroke or dementia by age 80.
Genomic medicine shows modest positive effects on psychological outcomes and consumer interest in genetic testing to identify disease risks, but faces significant barriers to integration, including inadequate workforce knowledge and confidence.
Researchers examined two emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal and suppression. Reappraisal reduced negative emotions and activated prefrontal cortex, while suppression increased amygdala activity. These findings suggest reappraisal as a more successful coping strategy.
Despite a colder-than-average winter, Arctic sea ice remains vulnerable due to long-term warming climate trends. The area of perennial sea ice, which lasts for several years, has declined significantly from 50-60% in the mid-1980s to less than 30% this year.
Researchers report a significant decline in invasive pneumococcal disease rates in all age groups post-PCV7 introduction. Disease caused by non-PCV7 serotypes, especially 19A, is emerging and accounts for nearly all IPD cases.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a sensor capable of detecting trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in homemade explosives. The penny-sized electronic sensor is comparable to current instruments but cheaper and more portable.
A recent study investigated the effect of probiotic bacterial combinations on cytokine production in vitro. The results showed that different bacteria compete with each other during host cell interactions, and novel probiotic strains are more potent inducers of Th1 type cytokines.
A major review found that only two per cent of paediatric drug trials had independent safety monitoring committees to detect adverse drug reactions. Clinical drug trials in children are essential for developing medicines and treatments, but greater safety measures and awareness are needed.
Research found prokineticin 2/Bv8 is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma, but expressed in liver resident macrophages, suggesting a role in Kupffer cell physiology.
A new method of pancreaticojejunostomy has been developed to overcome technical difficulties in performing the procedure on soft pancreas with narrow ductal size. The method uses a fast-absorbable suture material and temporary stent to secure complete external drainage of pancreatic juice.
Researchers at Schepens Eye Research Institute have identified a chemical compound that can awaken dormant Müller cells in the eye, transforming them into progenitor cells capable of generating new retinal cells. This breakthrough discovery offers new potential for treating diseases such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
Researchers warn that brain imaging technology, such as fMRI, may promote abuse of detainees due to its limitations and open interpretation. The technology's reliance on detecting tiny changes in blood oxygen levels raises concerns about accuracy and potential misuse.