The first field test of Rice University's 'nanorust' technology, a low-cost method for removing arsenic from drinking water, will begin later this year in Guanajuato, Mexico. The technology uses tiny iron oxide particles to naturally bind with arsenic and can be used in sand filters to treat groundwater.
According to a new study, type 1 diabetes cases in children under five years are expected to double by 2020 if current trends continue. The researchers found an overall increase of 3.9% per year, with the highest rates seen in children under 5 and those between 10-14 years old.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers estimates that after five years of staying clean, an individual with a criminal record is no greater risk of committing another crime. The study suggests it may be safe to hire ex-offenders with clean records, providing employers with data to inform their hiring decisions.
The article highlights the importance of sharing surgical knowledge between military and civilian surgeons to prepare for disasters. Canadian physician Dr. Vivian McAlister shares his experience working at a field hospital in Afghanistan and emphasizes the benefits of 'damage control resuscitation' techniques in saving lives.
A Queen's University study found that cholinesterase inhibitors can cause slowed heart rates, fainting episodes, and increased risks of permanent pacemaker implants and hip fractures in patients with dementia. The study suggests that people at high risk should reassess their medication regimen.
The American Thyroid Association has developed comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC), an uncommon form of thyroid cancer. The guidelines cover a range of clinical topics and propose directions for future research.
Research suggests that even perceiving one's neighborhood as unsafe can be hazardous for elder health, leading to mobility disability. The study found a strong correlation between perceived danger and actual violent crime rates.
A recent study found that men with low oxygen levels in their prostate tumor are more likely to experience a return of prostate cancer after treatment. Researchers say this finding could lead to personalized treatment approaches, including combination therapies and non-invasive methods for detecting oxygen levels in tumors.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that half of patients with cluster headaches experience cutaneous allodynia, a common migraine pain condition. This discovery suggests overlap in mechanisms for pain between migraines and cluster headaches, potentially leading to new treatment implications.
Research finds most food adverts shown during children's TV are not targeting kids with unhealthy foods, contrary to common belief. Fewer than 5% of food adverts were found to be prohibited under new UK regulations aimed at limiting such ads.
The Alaska Region Research Vessel (ARRV) will support scientific research in high-latitude waters, collecting sediment samples and hosting remotely operated vehicles. The vessel will enable scientists to study global issues like sea-level rise and climate change affecting Alaska's fisheries and ecosystems.
Researchers used fMRI to study participants engaging in a complex risky choice task, revealing different brain regions predicting specific choices and individual strategic biases. The findings indicate that the neural mechanisms of choice reflect more than competition between decision variables.
Researchers have developed DNA-like compounds that effectively inhibit cells responsible for chronic autoimmune condition lupus. The compounds, known as class R inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODNs), selectively reduce the activity of autoreactive B cells and dendritic cells, delaying death and reducing kidney damage in mice with lupus.
Hyperactivity disorder as understood today is a relatively recent phenomenon, says researcher Matthew Smith. He argues that historical figures like Mozart were not necessarily considered hyperactive due to societal context.
Researchers found that Sulfolobus islandicus populations are more diverse than thought, with variable genomes evolving rapidly and adapting to local environments. The findings suggest a limited genetic reservoir stored in viruses and other elements, contradicting the idea of a universal gene pool.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that uses elements of the immune system to improve cure rates for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. The treatment showed a 20% increase in preventing relapse and a greater cure rate compared to standard therapy.
A rare radio supernova has been detected in the nearby galaxy M82, providing valuable opportunities for studying star formation and supernovas. The discovery was made using the Allen Telescope Array, which will also search for intelligent life signals around other stars.
Five multi-disciplinary research teams will pursue innovative cancer treatments, combining laboratory scientists and physicians with a focus on rapid progress and collaboration. The funding model aims to eliminate barriers to creativity and collaboration, enabling diverse experts from institutions across the US to work together.
Researchers found that tundra plant growth may initially keep up with rising CO2, but ultimately can't soak up excess carbon from thawing permafrost. This could lead to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon, highlighting the urgent need to address human-caused emissions.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have identified a novel molecular path linked to primary biliary cirrhosis, a disease affecting 1 in 2,500 Americans. The study found variants of two genes, interleukin 12A and interleukin 12RB2, strongly associated with the condition.
Researchers developed DNA-like compounds that effectively inhibit cells responsible for systemic lupus erythematosus, a potentially groundbreaking treatment. The findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of class R inhibitory oligonucleotides and could lead to new therapies.
The Air Force Office of Scientific Research is funding a project to integrate solar power into UAV materials. Researchers aim to develop lightweight and compact drones with longer flight times using organic semi-conductor coated fibers.
A team of scientists and clinicians co-led by Joe Gray and Dennis Slamon will study three subtypes of breast cancer: estrogen receptor positive, HER2 positive, and triple negative. Their goal is to match a tumor's genetic profile with the best therapy, using cutting-edge biological, genomic, and computational techniques.
Researchers Halliday and Kwak found strong correlations between adolescent weight gain and friend BMI, but also noted that sorting on BMI contributes to these effects. The study's policy implications focus on school-based interventions to combat obesity.
New research suggests that moderate to high rates of ice melt from Greenland may shift ocean circulation by about 2100, causing sea levels off the northeast coast of North America to rise by 30-51 centimeters (12-20 inches) more than other coastal areas. This could lead to significant impacts on major northeastern cities.
A new study examines how past Caribbean communities coped with rising sea levels, crop failures, and extreme weather. Researchers found that people adapted by building houses on stilts, diversifying food production, and relocating to cave complexes during hurricanes.
Researchers found that almost all HIV virus was packed into macrophages in diseased cells, which are immune cells that 'eat' invading disease agents. This discovery could lead to new treatments by targeting these infected macrophages.
A landmark UNC-led study finds radiofrequency ablation significantly effective in treating dysplasia in people with Barrett's esophagus, eradicating abnormal cells and reducing cancer risk. The procedure showed high rates of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia and progression to disease.
A study found that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices enable people with excellent blood sugar control to continue managing their diabetes while reducing the frequency of low blood sugar events. CGM devices helped participants spend more time in the target blood sugar range and reduced biochemical hypoglycemia.
Researchers at Rice University and Harvard University developed a new model to explain how noble gases are lost from the Earth's interior during mantle convection. The model suggests that both the upper and lower mantle are involved in convection, but they affect each other differently.
University of Missouri researchers have identified important genetic components that negatively regulate the plant's immune system, allowing for more durable safeguards against pathogens. This discovery could lead to the development of crops with improved resistance to diseases and increased seed production.
The US Department of Homeland Security is developing a new triage tool called the Standoff Patient Triage Tool (SPTT), which uses Laser Doppler Vibrometry technology to take vital signs quickly from a distance.
Using XMM-Newton's new data, astronomers have mapped the region around a supermassive black hole, estimating its mass at 3-5 million solar masses. The observations also reveal rapid spinning and accretion rates that verge on theoretical limits.
A new study found that parasites evolve to be less aggressive when scattered among isolated clusters of hosts, favoring the survival of the group. This discovery suggests that as human activity makes the world more connected, natural selection will favor more virulent and dangerous parasites.
A new radiofrequency ablation procedure has shown promise in eliminating signs of Barrett's esophagus and reducing the risk of cancer progression. In a multicenter trial, patients treated with the procedure experienced significant reductions in dysplasia and abnormal cells.
A randomised controlled trial of 2518 patients found no significant reduction in deep vein thrombosis with compression stockings. In fact, skin complications were more common in those who received the stockings. The study's findings challenge national stroke guidelines and recommend revising treatment protocols.
A $18 million grant will support a three-year investigation into new approaches to treating pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the US. The project aims to develop tests that determine what nutrients fuel pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival.
Researchers have successfully created a rotating molecular rotor on a gold surface, creating an off-axis rotation that mimics the property of machines like electric motors and generators. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of machines for generating currents at small scales.
A new method uses laser ablation and multicollector ICP-MS to detect small variations in sulphur isotopes in hair, which can be linked to a person's geographical movements. The technique has been tested on volunteers with different diets and origins, showing promise for tracking international criminals.
Researchers have developed a method to prevent pod shattering in oilseed rape, reducing seed loss by up to 70% and improving harvest efficiency. By controlling hormone production, scientists can seal seeds inside pods, addressing a major issue in farming this high-value crop.
Research suggests music can reduce pain and encourage better oral feeding in premature babies, leading to calmer infants and parents. The studies found preliminary evidence of therapeutic benefits, including improved physiological measures and behavioral states.
A recent study published in the Journal of Vision found that subtle coloring patterns around the eyes and mouth play a crucial role in rapid gender discrimination. Researchers discovered that the shades of reds and greens in these areas lead to faster gender identification, contradicting previous assumptions about facial features.
Neuroscientists at Duke University Medical Center used fMRI to study brain activity while participants made economic decisions. The study found that brain regions associated with rational processing were active when subjects used simplifying strategies, contradicting traditional notions of rational vs. irrational decision-making.
A study found that high-quality teachers tend to leave schools with large minority populations, suggesting a direct relationship between student race and teacher quality. This relationship may be a substantial contributor to the black-white achievement gap in American schools.
A study finds that inner city rodents form distinct neighborhoods, with most spending majority of their lives within a city block. This understanding provides information on which populations may spread disease, highlighting the need to target entire families for eradication efforts.
Research suggests that moderate to high Greenland ice melt rates could drive 4-12 inches of additional water towards heavily populated areas in the northeastern US and Canada, on top of average global sea level rise. This could lead to significant impacts on the northeast US coast by 2100.
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology reports an estimated 219,000 to 246,000 babies born through assisted reproductive technology (ART) globally each year. ART procedures have increased by over 25% in two years, with significant variations in availability and quality between countries.
The study highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to manage the invasion of johnsongrass, which threatens the benefits of GMOs in Argentine soybean cultivation. The authors emphasize the importance of considering policy implications beyond deforestation to protect agro-biodiversity.
Researchers have discovered that activated stem cells in damaged lungs may lead to rapidly dividing cells that can develop into lung cancer. This finding is significant because it highlights the role of stem cell activation in lung cancer susceptibility, particularly among cigarette smokers.
Scientists from the POLARCAT campaign found that agricultural fires in Russia, Kazakhstan, China, and other countries are releasing large amounts of soot into the atmosphere, accelerating melting of snow and ice. This report highlights the importance of controlling these emissions as a supplemental strategy to reduce carbon dioxide.
A Mayo Clinic study found that short preoperative team briefings can improve communication and reduce errors in cardiac surgery. The briefings were conducted prior to the first procedure of the day and resulted in a 53% reduction in miscommunication events.
A study by Fox Chase Cancer Center researchers reveals that 'disordered' amino acids in the signaling protein NHERF1 enable flexibility and molecular switching. This finding challenges traditional views on the role of disordered sequences in proteins.
A new study found that lymph nodes are not necessary for the immune system to respond to infections. Instead, the liver can serve as a surrogate structure for T-cell activation. This discovery suggests an alternative role for the liver and may explain why patients receiving a liver transplant sometimes inherit the donor's allergies.
Researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center found a significant increase in median overall survival from 8 to 30 months for patients with advanced disease, and a projected five-year survival rate of over 30 percent. The study attributes the improvements to better surgical interventions and new chemotherapeutic agents.
Astronomers have devised a technique to identify liquid water on exoplanets similar to Earth, which could indicate potential for life. The method uses observations of light intensity from Earth in visible light bands, revealing dominant colors that suggest land masses and oceans.
Breast cancer patients with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are more likely to die sooner or have their cancer return. Elevated CRP is also linked to increased risk of heart disease.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine found that Abatacept reduces severe illness and death in mice exposed to Influenza A virus by tempering the immune response. The treatment approach also improves survival rates for mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza virus.
Notre Dame researchers have developed a new tool to assess the effectiveness of 'managed relocation' strategies for preserving species threatened by climate change. The tool uses multi-disciplinary criteria to score proposed relocations, considering factors such as ecosystem impact and social importance.
A Finnish family study found a significant association between musical aptitude and creative functions in music. The research suggests that the neurobiology of music perception is related to pathways affecting intrinsic attachment behavior, supported by associations with AVPR1A gene variants.
Scientists have discovered that high CO2 levels are causing ocean acidification, leading to reduced shell growth and calcification in shellfish. Eastern oysters are particularly susceptible, with a 16% decrease in shell area and 42% reduction in calcium content.